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Al-Nawar (Arabic: نور) is an Arabic term for several nomad communities used primarily in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine.[3] The term, regarded as derogatory, is used by Arabs for several diverse ethnic groups.[3] They have historically been called "Gypsies", though as a whole they are not Romani per se. The Dom people are especially known as Nawar.[4] While both they and Romani people originated from India, they came from two drastically different ethnicities and cultures.
نور | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Syria 100,000–250,000  Jordan 70,000 Palestine 15,000[1]  Lebanon 3,112 (estimated)[2] | |
| Languages | |
| Domari, Levantine Arabic, Neo-Aramaic, Kurdish, Turkish | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Dom people, Roma people, Kawliya |
This numerically small, widely dispersed people have migrated to the region from South Asia, particularly from India. As in other countries, they tend to keep apart from the rest of the population, which regards them as dishonorable yet clever. The Nawar have traditionally provided musical entertainment at weddings and celebrations. The participation of Nawar women in such activities is lucrative, yet at the same time it reinforces the group's low status. Nawar also appear at festivals to work their trade as fortune-tellers, sorcerers, and animal trainers. In Syria today, one may still encounter Nawar encampments in rural areas.
Population
editNawar is an Arabic term for several sedentary communities used primarily in Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine.[3]
Syria
editThe Nawar in Syria number 100,000 to 250,000 people according to estimations.[5] The vast majority is sedentary.[5]
Palestine
editThe Nawar in Palestine are also known as Ghajars (gypsies) .[4] A small community in east Jerusalem lives in Bab Huta neighborhood, in the Old City of Jerusalem.[6][7][8][9]
Jordan
editJordan's Dom community numbers around 70,000 according to estimates in 2015.[10]
Languages
editDomari
editThe Dom language (Domari) in the Middle East is known as Nawari.[4] Domari shows Turkic, Kurdish and Arabic influence.[4]
Notable people
editSee also
edit- Ghorbati, community in Iran and Afghanistan
- Doms in Lebanon
Notes
edit- ^ "The social exclusion of the Domari society of Gypsies in Jerusalem". Identities Journal. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
- ^ Lebanon: "Acute social marginalization" of Dom community (Report). IRIN. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
- ^ a b c Berland & Rao 2004, p. 71.
- ^ a b c d Law 2014, pp. 138–139.
- ^ a b Berland & Rao 2004, p. 73.
- ^ Selig, Abe. Jerusalem’s Herod’s Gate receives face-lift. 06/29/2010. Jerusalem Post
- ^ A People Apart: The Romani community seeks recognition. By Eetta Prince-Gibson. Dom Research Center. 2001
- ^ Danny Rubinstein. People / Steve Sabella: Blurring the lines. Haaretz. 2005
- ^ Joseph B. Glass and Rassem Khamaisi. Report on the Socio-Economic Conditions in the Old City of Jerusalem. Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto. p.4
- ^ Mohammad Al-Fdeilat (8 August 2013). "Jordan's Gypsies Maintain Identity Amid Stigmatization". Almonitor. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
References
edit- Berland, Joseph C.; Rao, Aparna (2004). Customary Strangers: New Perspectives on Peripatetic Peoples in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 71–74. ISBN 978-0-89789-771-6.
- Law, Ian (17 October 2014). Mediterranean Racisms: Connections and Complexities in the Racialization of the Mediterranean Region. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 139–. ISBN 978-1-137-26348-3.
- Dupret, Ghazzal, Courbage and Al Dbiyat, Collective 'La Syrie au présent : Reflets d'une société', entry "Musiques nawar entre tradition et modernité" by Benoit Gazzal, 2007, ISBN 978-2742768523
- Commins, David Dean. Historical Dictionary of Syria, p. 118. Scarecrow Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8108-4934-8.