Wikipedia

Official Cantonese translations of English names for British officials

The British Consulate General Hong Kong is the sole governmental agency currently tasked with offering professional formal English-to-Cantonese name translation services to British officials.[1][2][3] No similar services are offered by UK diplomatic missions within the Greater China area.[4] It is a long tradition for the UK government to provide such uniform translation for certain cabinet members and other officials.[5][4] This practice has its origin in the distasteful translation of the name of the 16th Colonial Governor of Hong Kong,[6] and the UK government keeps this tradition alive. The translation process is very refined, and there is a set of principles that they observe to avoid taboo, undesirable, or embarrassing translations as well as making the translated names more relatable, approachable, and agreeable to local Hong Kongers.[2]

British Consulate General Hong Kong

These translated names are widely adopted and used by Cantonese media outlets in Hong Kong and Macau as well as their foreign correspondents and bureaus, which spread these names to Cantonese-speaking expatriate communities including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Background

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Sir Henry Pottinger, the 1st Governor of Hong Kong

It was not uncommon for British officials to be given translation of their names in history. Before getting a new translation, the name of the very first Hong Kong colonial governor, Henry Pottinger, was originally translated as 煲顛茶 or Bōu Dīn Chàh in Cantonese[7] which phonetically rhymes with his family name Pottinger fairly well but literally means “to brew crazy tea” or implies “a nutter brews tea”.[8] Some of these degrading translations have survived into modern times. Both Lord William Napier and Sir Edward Belcher had their names translated into 律勞卑 or Leuht Lòuh Bēi and 卑路乍 or Bēi Louh Ja respectively. Both names have multiple demeaning literal meaning or rhyming elements to it, such as “to discipline the servant inferior” for 律勞卑 (Leuht Lòuh Bēi) or “an inferior road for the cunning” for 卑路乍 (Bēi Louh Ja).[9] Both names are still in use today.

 
Sir Edward Stubbs, the 16th Governor of Hong Kong

The 16th Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Reginald Stubbs, was first given a particularly distasteful Cantonese translation for his name. 史塔士 or Sí Taap Sí was the original Cantonese translation, literally meaning “history” for 史 (sí), “a tower” for 塔 (taap), and “a vassal” for 士 (sí). However, the first and the third characters of 史 and 士 share the same archaic pronunciation of the character 死 (sí), meaning “to die”, and more troublesomely, the same pronunciation of the character 屎 (sí), meaning “shit”.[10] Also, Cantonese speakers sometimes call a toilet bowl 屎塔 (sí taap), being homophones to the first two characters of his newly translated name.[6] Thus, Stubbs's first Cantonese name translation rendered a wide variety of somewhat unpalatable translations and interpretations, like “toilet bowl's shit”, “shit tower's death” etc.[11]

Stubbs, as a result, became the very first governor given a formal Cantonese name translation, 司徒拔 or Sī Tòuh Baht. For native English speakers, 司 (sī) may still sound very much the same as 屎 (sí), but as the two different tone marks show, they are different. This difference in tones changes a lot in the meanings, given the fact that Cantonese is a tonal language. And at the same time, Stubbs believed having an authentically translated name would create an approachable image and help the colonial government build a closer relationship with ethnically Chinese Hong Kongers and indigenous villagers.[2][12] A new governmental tradition of English-to-Cantonese name translation for British officials was thus born.

Translation service and methods

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East Asian Chops

Prior to Hong Kong's sovereignty transfer in 1997, it was the joint effort of the Chinese Language Division of the colonial Chief Secretary's Office and the British Trade Commission in Hong Kong to come up with seemly name translations for British officials.[2][4] It is now the responsibility of the Hong Kong British Consulate-General, and they usually supply the press with a list of translated names when there is a new cabinet.[2][13]

The early translation method mainly focused on phonetic or homophonic translation of an official's family name.[2] As the system matured, the official's given names started having a role to play.[2] The translation process has become very sophisticated in modern times. There is a considerable emphasis on localisation and domestication instead of phonetic imitation of the English pronunciation.[14] Furthermore, matters that are culturally only significant to local Hong Kongers, especially for the middle-to-upper class, but not so much to foreigners, like aesthetic values of different calligraphic styles of the characters on an East Asian seal or chop, divinatory feng-shui and suan-ming assessment of the character total stroke count, etc. are all part of the translation service.[15] The Consulate-General has revealed a summary of general guidelines that they now follow for the process:[2]

Summary table of name translation guidelines[2][3][14][15]
Guidelines Details Remarks
Goal Take Cantonese as the target language, as most Hong Kongers speak Cantonese.
Make an official's translated name as indistinguishable from locals' names as possible so that ethnically Chinese Hong Kongers find it relatable.
Principle 1 Take English pronunciation as the basis and then look for homophonic Cantonese characters. e.g.: 文 or Màhn for the former Prime Minister Theresa May's family name.
Consider stressed syllables of the English name first. e.g.: 翠珊 or Cheui Sāan for the former Prime Minister Theresa May's first name.
Principle 2 Use common Cantonese family names when possible. When the colonial government was trying to provide the former Governor Patten's wife Lavender with a Cantonese name, all the options were given divinatory suan-ming assessment of the character total stroke count. She ultimately settled on a common family name 林 and given names 穎彤 or Làhm Wihng Tùhng in whole, meaning “a forest” for 林, “intelligent” for 穎, “scarlet” for 彤, and in all denoting an outstanding, clever, and beautiful lady.
Make sure the translated given names are pleasant to the ear, divinatorily auspicious, and with decent meanings and metaphors.
Principle 3 Match the order of the characters with the Cantonese family name corresponding to the English family name. The family name should come first.
Do the same for the given names.
Principle 4 Aim to have a three-character name.
Ignore the official's English given names if that individual's English family name is enough to provide for a meaningful three-character Cantonese name. e.g.: The former Chancellor Philip Hammond's family name was enough to provide for 夏文達 or Hah Màhn Daaht.

In addition to the above principles, names that sound similar to public figures in Hong Kong are generally avoided, e.g. the Consulate originally planned to name the incumbent Chancellor Rachel Reeves as 李慧晴 (Lee Wai-ching). Since the name sounded similar to the Hong Kong Legislative Council member Lee Wai-king, she was finally named 李韻晴 (Lee Wan-ching).[16]

Cantonese and Mandarin translated names

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Former Prime Minister Theresa May is known as 文翠珊 in Cantonese.

This practice of providing comprehensive official name translation services has never been extended to Mandarin or to other UK diplomatic missions out of Hong Kong in the Greater China region.[5][4] As such, places where Mandarin is their official language usually have different Mandarin-translated names for British officials. The Mandarin-translated names do not only differ from their Cantonese counterparts but also among Mandarin-speaking regions, e.g. between Mainland China and Taiwan.[17] Also, these name translations are not used by Chinese state-owned media in Hong Kong, e.g. Ta Kung Pao and Wen Wei Po. Instead, they use names following standards of Mainland state media.

For instance, Hong Kong media observe the Cantonese name translated by the Consulate-General and call former Prime Minister Theresa May 文翠珊 or Màhn Cheui Sāan, meaning “refined” for 文, “jade” for 翠, and “coral” for 珊. And she is known as 梅伊 or Méi Yī in Mandarin in Taiwan, meaning “a Chinese plum” for 梅 and “that (a pronoun)” for 伊.[17] However, the Chinese Xinhua News Agency, being the official standard setter of name translation in China and known to have declined to accept the US government's suggested name translation for former President Obama,[18] calls Theresa May 特雷莎．梅 or Tè Léi Shā Méi, literally meaning “special” for 特, “thunder” for 雷, “sedge” for 莎, and “a Chinese plum” for 梅. This is a phonetic translation that preserves the English name structure.[17]

Reception and exceptions

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Traditional Chinese唔怕生壞命，
最怕改壞名。
Literal meaningDon't worry about being born with a bad fate;
(instead) worry most about having a bad name.
Transcriptions
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationm̀h pa sāang waaih mehng，
jeui pa gói waaih méng。
Jyutpingm4 paa3 saang1 waai6 meng6，
zeoi3 paa3 goi2 waai6 meng2。

As in many cultures, Hong Kongers are generally very concerned with having good names for both infants and adults. A local Cantonese saying captures this concern very well: "唔怕生壞命，最怕改壞名”,[19] meaning “Don't worry about being born with a bad fate; (had better) most worry about having a wrong name", which shares some similarities with the more commonly known Latin phrase in the West, nomen est omen. It is, thus, not unusual to hear stories about adults in Hong Kong in their 30s or 40s changing their names after consulting with feng-shui and suan-ming practitioners in the hope of improving various aspects of their lives.[20] Hong Kong parents of newborns are just as concerned, if not more so.[19]

 
Prime Minister David Cameron in 2016

Against this cultural backdrop, the Cantonese-translated names prepared by the Consulate-General are generally very well received and often praised by the Hong Kong public.[21][22][23] In fact, it is not just Hong Kongers who have high regard for these names. Some of them are so well translated that they have earned the admiration of some Mandarin-speaking commentators in Taiwan.[4][17]

On the other hand, although it is the usual practice that the Consulate-General provides a new cabinet with Cantonese-translated names,[2][22] individual officials may still turn down such suggestions and opt for Mandarin-translated names instead, and they occasionally do.[5][13] When this happens, Hong Kong mainstream media usually adopt the Mandarin-translated names, but some members of the Hong Kong public may frown upon these names.[24][25]

Former Prime Minister David Cameron provided one such example. When he entered 10 Downing Street for the first time as prime minister in 2010, the Consulate-General offered him 甘民樂 or Gām Màhn Lohk as his Cantonese name,[2] meaning "willingly" for 甘, "people" for 民, and "joy" for 樂. This name as a whole was intended to signify that he had "the will to make the people happy", but he chose to forgo the offer. Instead, Cameron decided to stick to the Mandarin-translated name 卡梅倫 as his official name, meaning "to get stuck" for 卡, "a Chinese plum" for 梅, and "ethics" for 倫, which had already been in use by Chinese media and some Hong Kong media as well. It was later reported that he thought not taking up a new Cantonese name would save some hassle for the media in Hong Kong.[2][5]

However, quite a few of the Hong Kong public held negative views towards his Mandarin-translated name, especially when previous British officials, like Governor Patten, had adopted a new Cantonese-translated name despite having an existing Mandarin-translated name.[17][21] Some in Hong Kong continued to find Cameron's Mandarin-translated name objectionable until his resignation in 2016.[25] He was even made fun of having probably been destined to have his premiership cut short because of "having a wrong name".[26]

Notable exceptions

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Here are some British officials who have not taken up their Cantonese-translated names suggested by the Consulate-General:

Table of forgone name translation for British officials
Name Character Suggested translation Ultimate translation Remark
Traditional character Yale
romanisation
(Cantonese) 		Definition Overall connotation Simplified
character 		Hanyu Pinyin
(Mandarin) 		Definition Overall connotation
David Cameron Family Name 甘 Gām willingly A leader with the will to make the people happy. 卡 Kǎ to get stuck Mostly homophonic translation with limited overall connotations.
1st Given Name 民 Màhn people 梅 Méi a Chinese plum
2nd Given Name 樂 Lohk joy 伦 Lún ethics
Nick Clegg Family Name 紀 Géi epoch The two given name characters together happen to be homophones of “résumé” 履歷 or léih lihk, signifying a leader with years of management experience. 克 Kè to defeat Mostly homophonic translation with little overall connotations. The character 克 is the simplified character of 剋 which means "to defeat" with an ominous connotation in feng-shui in certain situations.
1st Given Name 理 Léih to manage 莱 Lái goosefoot
2nd Given Name 歷 Lihk history 格 Gé a square
Boris Johnson Family Name 莊 Jōng solemn A solemn leader for growth and development. 约 Yuē an agreement Mostly homophonic translation with little overall connotations. It was reported that he neither accepted nor rejected the Consulate-General's suggestion.[17]
1st Given Name 漢 Hon man 翰 Hàn high-flying
2nd Given Name 生 Sāng to grow;
to develop 		逊 Xùn to abdicate

As a result of the non-adoption of a Cantonese name for Boris Johnson, his brother Jo Johnson was named by the Consulate-General as "約翰森",[27] with the brothers sharing the first two characters "約翰" (John) to suggest their relationship.

Ultimate Translation
Simplified Character Hanyu Pinyin (Mandarin) Definition Overall Connotation
Jo Johnson Family Name Character 约 Yuē an agreement Mostly homophonic translation with limited overall connotations.
1st Given Name Character 翰 Hàn high-flying
2nd Given Name Character 森 Sēn forest

List of translated names

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British politicians

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English Cantonese Year since Notes
Prime Ministers
BLAIR, Tony 貝理雅 PM, 1997 [28]
BROWN, Gordon 白高敦 PM, 2007 [29][30]
MAY, Theresa 文翠珊 PM, 2016 [31][32]
MAJOR, John 馬卓安 PM, 1990 [2][33]
STARMER, Keir 施紀賢 PM, 2024 [34][35]
SUNAK, Rishi 辛偉誠 PM, 2022 [36][37]
THATCHER, Margaret (Mrs.) 戴卓爾夫人 PM, 1979 [38] [39]
TRUSS, Liz 卓慧思 PM, 2022 [40][41]
Cabinet Ministers
ADONIS, Andrew 艾德思 Cabinet, 2009 [42][43]
ALEXANDER, Douglas 艾力生 Cabinet, 2003 [44][45]
ALEXANDER, Danny 艾德禮 Cabinet, 2010 [44][46]
ARGAR, Edward 晏嘉華 Cabinet, 2022
ARMSTRONG, Hilary 艾希妮 Cabinet, 2001 [47][48]
ASHTON, Catherine 艾嘉蓮 Cabinet, 2007 [49][50]
BADENOCH, Kemi 栢丹娜 Cabinet, 2022 or 柏丹娜.[51][52]
BALLS, Ed 博雅文 Cabinet, 2007 [53][54]
BARCLAY, Steve 柏建熙 Cabinet, 2018 [32][55]
BECKETT, Margaret 貝嘉晴 Cabinet, 1997 [28]
BENN, Hilary 彭浩禮 Cabinet, 2003 [56][57]
BERRY, Jake 包澤君 Cabinet, 2019 [58][59]
BLEARS, Hazel 貝海珊 Cabinet, 2006 [30][60]
BLUNKETT, David 白文傑 Cabinet, 1997 [61][62]
BOTTOMLEY, Virginia 包定禮夫人 Cabinet, 1992 [63]
BRADLEY, Karen 龐碧琳 Cabinet, 2016 [64]
BRADSHAW, Ben 白德生 Cabinet, 2009 [65][66]
BRAVERMAN, Suella 柏斐文 Cabinet, 2020 [67][41]
BROKENSHIRE, James 博敬誠 Cabinet, 2016 [68][69]
BROWN, Nick 白禮勤 Cabinet, 1997 [70][30]
BROWNE, Des 彭德 Cabinet, 2005 [71][72]
BUCKLAND, Robert 白樂彬 Cabinet, 2019 [40][73]
BURNHAM, Andy 貝安德 Cabinet, 2007 [74][75]
BYRNE, Liam 白理安 Cabinet, 2008 [76][77]
CABLE, Vince 祈維信 Cabinet, 2010 [78] or 祁維信.[79]
CAIRNS, Alun 祈啟思 Cabinet, 2016 [80][81]
CAMPBELL, Alan 簡柏邦 Cabinet, 2024
CHALK, Alexander 卓傲山 Cabinet, 2021 previously 卓艾歷.
CHANNON, Paul 程隆 Cabinet, 1986 [82]
CLARK, Greg 祈國光 Cabinet, 2015 [81][83]
CLARKE, Charles 祈卓禮 Cabinet, 2001 [62][84]
CLARKE, Kenneth 祁淦禮 Cabinet, 1987 [85][86]
CLARKE, Simon 夏簡勤 Cabinet, 2021 [87][88]
CLEVERLY, James 祁湛明 Cabinet, 2019 [74][89] previously 祁維利.[90]
COCKFIELD, Arthur 郭菲德 Cabinet, 1982 [91]
COFFEY, Thérèse 高翠玲 Cabinet, 2019 [92][40]
COOK, Robin 郭偉邦 Cabinet, 1997 [93]
COOPER, Yvette 顧綺慧 Cabinet, 2008 [94][95]
COUTINHO, Claire 郭嘉兒 Cabinet, 2023
COX, Geoffrey 郝思賢 Cabinet, 2018 [40][96]
CRABB, Stephen 郝智恆 Cabinet, 2014 [97][98]
DARLING, Alistair 戴理德 Cabinet, 1997 [99]
DAVEY, Ed 戴宏 Cabinet, 2012 [36][100]
DAVIES, David TC 戴德瑋 Cabinet, 2022
DAVIES, John 戴偉時 Cabinet, 1972 [101]
DAVIS, David 戴德偉 Cabinet, 2016 [102][103]
DENHAM, John 鄧俊安 Cabinet, 2007 [104][105]
DODDS, Anneliese 杜迪詩 Cabinet, 2024 previously 杜安妮.
DORRIES, Nadine 杜慧詩 Cabinet, 2021 [73][106]
DONELAN, Michelle 唐萃蘭 Cabinet, 2020 [87][37]
DOWDEN, Oliver 杜永敦 Cabinet, 2019 [40][107]
ELLIS, Michael 艾文浩 Cabinet, 2021
EUSTICE, George 尤俊仕 Cabinet, 2020 [108][87]
EVANS, Natalie 歐樂怡 Cabinet, 2016 [109][110]
FALCONER, Charles 范克林 Cabinet, 2003 [111]
FALLON, Michael 房應麟 Cabinet, 2014 [62][112]
FOX, Liam 霍理林 Cabinet, 2010 [113]
FRAZER, Lucy 方惠珊 Cabinet, 2023
FROST, David 霍禮思 Cabinet, 2021 [114][115]
GAUKE, David 郭達瑋 Cabinet, 2016 [57][33]
GILLAN, Cheryl 紀卓琳 Cabinet, 2010 [116][117]
GLEN, John 簡俊恆 Cabinet, 2022
GOLDSMITH, Peter 高仕文 Cabinet, 2001 [111]
GOVE, Michael 高文浩 Cabinet, 2010 [118]
GRAYLING, Chris 紀嘉林 Cabinet, 2012 [119]
GREEN, Damian 祈達文 Cabinet, 2016 [113]
GREENING, Justine 簡意寧 Cabinet, 2011 [81][120]
GRIEVE, Dominic 葛偉富 Cabinet, 2010 [119]
HAGUE, William 夏偉林 Cabinet, 2010 [38]
HAIGH, Louise 賀樂怡 Cabinet, 2024
HAIN, Peter 韓培德 Cabinet, 2002 [121][122]
HAMMOND, Philip 夏文達 Cabinet, 2010 [123]
HANCOCK, Matthew 夏國賢 Cabinet, 2015 [124]
HANDS, Greg 夏漢仕 Cabinet, 2015 [125]
HARMAN, Harriet 夏雅雯 Cabinet, 2007 [126][86]
HARPER, Mark 夏萬恒 Cabinet, 2015 [127][128]
HART, Simon 夏世民 Cabinet, 2019 [37][129]
HAVERS, Michael 夏永善 Cabinet, 1987 [130]
HEALEY, John 賀理安 Cabinet, 2024
HEAPPEY, James 許澤明 Cabinet, 2022
HEATON-HARRIS, Chris 夏禮思 Cabinet, 2022 [131][132]
HERMER, Richard 何爾文 Cabinet, 2024
HESELTINE, Michael 夏舜霆 Cabinet, 1983 [133][134]
HEWITT, Patricia 賀韻芝 Cabinet, 2001 [135]
HAILSHAM (Lord) 許琛 Cabinet, 1957 [136]
HINDS, Damian 夏軒仕 Cabinet, 2018 [137]
HOON, Geoffrey 禤智輝 Cabinet, 2007 [30][138]
HOWARD, Michael 夏偉明 Cabinet, 1990 [139]
HOWE, Geoffrey 賀維 Cabinet, 1979 [111]
HOWELL, David 侯偉樂 Cabinet, 1979 [140]
HUGHES, Cledwyn 郭偉賢 Cabinet, 1968 [141]
HUHNE, Chris 禤傑思 Cabinet, 2010 [142][143]
HUNT, Jeremy 侯俊偉 Cabinet, 2010 [144]
HUTTON, John 夏敦 Cabinet, 2005 [30][145] or 夏頓.[146]
HURD, Douglas 韓達德 Cabinet, 1984 [147][12]
IRVINE, Derry 艾偉儀 Cabinet, 1997 [135]
JACK, Alister 張毅德 Cabinet, 2019 [40][148]
JAVID, Sajid 賈偉德 Cabinet, 2014 [149]
JAYAWARDENA, Ranil 蔣華達 Cabinet, 2022
JENKIN, Patrick 曾栢力 Cabinet, 1972 [150]
JENKINS, Roy 曾競時 Cabinet, 1965 [151]
JENRICK, Robert 鄭偉祺 Cabinet, 2019 [152] [153]
JOHNSON, Alan 莊翰生 Cabinet, 2004 [30][154]
JONES, Darren 鍾德麟 Cabinet, 2024
JONES, David 鍾仕維 Cabinet, 2012 [155][156]
JOSEPH, Keith 鍾基富 Cabinet, 1970 [157]
JOWELL, Tessa 蔣黛思 Cabinet, 2001 [158]
KEEGAN, Gillian 喬芝蘭 Cabinet, 2022 [159][160]
KELLY, Ruth 簡樂芙 Cabinet, 2002 [161][162]
KENDALL, Liz 簡麗詩 Cabinet, 2024
KWARTENG, Kwasi 關浩霆 Cabinet, 2021 [163][164]
KYLE, Peter 靳秉德 Cabinet, 2024
LAMMY, David 林德偉 Cabinet, 2024
LAMONT, Norman 賴諾民 Cabinet, 1989 [165]
LANG, Ian 梁治國 Cabinet, 1990 [166]
LANSLEY, Andrew 凌士禮 Cabinet, 2010 [167][168]
LAWS, David 羅德偉 Cabinet, 2010 [44][76]
LAWSON, Nigel 羅信 Cabinet, 1981 [169]
LEADSOM, Andrea 利雅華 Cabinet, 2016 [170][40]
LEE, Frederick 李輝德 Cabinet, 1964 [171]
LETWIN, Oliver 利凱輝 Cabinet, 2014 [86][172]
LEWIS, Brandon 盧柏敦 Cabinet, 2018 [40][37]
LIDDELL, Helen 利凱琳 Cabinet, 2001 [47][121]
LIDINGTON, David 李達德 Cabinet, 2016 [173][174]
MAHMOOD, Shabana 馬曼婷 Cabinet, 2024
MALTHOUSE, Kit 莫孝傑 Cabinet, 2022 [87][175]
MANDELSON, Peter 文德森 Cabinet, 1997 [176][177]
McCARTNEY, Ian 麥家禮 Cabinet, 2003 [178][179]
McFADDEN, Patrick 麥法德 Cabinet, 2024
McLOUGHLIN, Patrick 麥樂賢 Cabinet, 2010 [180]
McVEY, Esther 麥蔚宜 Cabinet, 2018 [181][170]
MERCER, Johnny 麥忠義 Cabinet, 2022
MILBURN, Alan 苗易彬 Cabinet, 1998 [30][182]
MILIBAND, David 文禮彬 Cabinet, 2006 [183]
MILIBAND, Edward 文立彬 Cabinet, 2007 [54][95]
MILLER, Maria 麥瑪麗 Cabinet, 2012 [184][185]
MILLING, Amanda 繆敏婷 Cabinet, 2020 [73][186]
MITCHELL, Andrew 麥俊高 Cabinet, 2010 [187][188]
MORDAUNT, Penny 莫佩琳 Cabinet, 2017 [189][190]
MORGAN, Nicky 莫麗琪 Cabinet, 2014 [40][191]
MORTON, Wendy 莫韻婷 Cabinet, 2022 [67][41]
MOWLAM, Mo 毛美琳 Cabinet, 1997 [192][193]
MUNDELL, David 萬達偉 Cabinet, 2015 [194][195]
MURPHY, Paul 馬偉輝 Cabinet, 1999 [196][197]
MURPHY, Jim 麥偉俊 Cabinet, 2008 [198][199]
MURRAY, Ian 麥彥安 Cabinet, 2024
NANDY, Lisa 藍麗珊 Cabinet, 2024 [35][200]
NEWTON, Tony 廖善同 Cabinet, 1988 [201]
NOKES, Caroline 盧嘉蓮 Cabinet, 2018 [202][203]
OSBORNE, George 歐思邦 Cabinet, 2010 [204]
PARKINSON, Cecil 白啟新 Cabinet, 1981 [1]
PATEL, Priti 彭黛玲 Cabinet, 2016 [153][205]
PATERSON, Owen 彭德森 Cabinet, 2010 [206][207]
PATTEN, Chris 彭定康 Cabinet, 1989 [2][208]
PERRY, Claire 彭麗雅 Cabinet, 2017 [209][210]
PHILIP, Chris 范翹思 Cabinet, 2022 [211][87]
PHILLIPSON, Bridget 方佩芝 Cabinet, 2024
PICKLES, Eric 白高志 Cabinet, 2010 [212][155]
POWELL, Enoch 鮑威賢 Cabinet, 1962 [213][214]
POWELL, Lucy 布樂詩 Cabinet, 2024
PRENTIS, Victoria 彭雅婷 Cabinet, 2022
PRESCOTT, John 彭仕國 Cabinet, 1997 [28]
PURNELL, James 貝禮高 Cabinet, 2007 [30][215]
QUIN, Jeremy 祁澤明 Cabinet, 2022 [216][217]
RAAB, Dominic 藍韜文 Cabinet, 2018 [32][181]
RAYNER, Angela 韋雅蘭 Cabinet, 2024 [218][219]
REED, Steve 李世勳 Cabinet, 2024
REES, Peter 李必達 Cabinet, 1983 [220]
REES-MOOG, Jacob 李思銘 Cabinet, 2019 [102][221]
REEVES, Rachel 李韻晴 Cabinet, 2024
REID, John 韋俊安 Cabinet, 2003 [222][223]
RENTON, Tim 李運登 Cabinet, 1989 [224]
REYNOLDS, Jonathan 韋諾韜 Cabinet, 2024
RIFKIND, Malcolm 聶偉敬 Cabinet, 1986 [225][226]
RIPPON, Geoffrey 李甫安 Cabinet, 1970 [227]
ROBERTSON, George 羅沛誠 Cabinet, 1997 [228][229]
RUDD, Amber 盧綺婷 Cabinet, 2015 [85][230]
St JOHN-STEVAS, Norman 莊仕華 Cabinet, 1979 [231]
SCOTLAND, Patricia 施佩雅 Cabinet, 2007 [232][233]
SHACKLETON, Edward 石高頓 Cabinet, 1968 [234]
SHAPPS, Grant 夏博思 Cabinet, 2019 [40][41]
SHARMA, Alok 岑浩文 Cabinet, 2019 [40][235]
SHEPHERD, Malcolm 石寶德 Cabinet, 1974 [236]
SHORE, Peter 邵雅宜 Cabinet, 1967 [237]
SHORT, Clare 商麗雅 Cabinet, 1997 [238][239]
SMITH, Angela 沈安琪 Cabinet, 2024 previously 施安琳.
SMITH, Chloe 施皓兒 Cabinet, 2022
SMITH, Chris 冼敏治 Cabinet, 1997 [240][241]
SMITH, Iain Duncan 施志安 Cabinet, 2010 [242][243]
SMITH, Jacqui 沈妙思 Cabinet, 2006 [30][60] previously 施卓琪.
SMITH, John 施明輝 Cabinet, 1978 [244]
SMITH, Julian 施俊安 Cabinet, 2017 [181][40]
SOAMES, Christopher 蘇美斯 Cabinet, 1958 [245]
SPELMAN, Caroline 施珮文 Cabinet, 2010 [246][247]
SPENCER, Mark 施炳森 Cabinet, 2019 [248][205]
STEVENS, Joanna 施頌雅 Cabinet, 2024
STEWART, Rory 施達偉 Cabinet, 2019 [173][190]
STOWELL, Tina 司徒慧兒 Cabinet, 2014 [249][250]
STRAW, Jack 施仲宏 Cabinet, 1997 [251]
STRATHCLYDE (Lord) 施瑞德勳爵 Cabinet, 2010 [252][253]
STREETING, Wesley 施卓添 Cabinet, 2024
STRIDE, Mel 施榮達 Cabinet, 2019 [124]
STUART, Graham 施敬恆 Cabinet, 2022 [254][255]
TEBBIT, Norman 譚百德 Cabinet, 1981 [256][17]
THORNEYCROFT, Peter 方禮嘉 Cabinet, 1951 [257]
TIMMS, Stephen 唐士勳 Cabinet, 2006 [258][259]
TREVELYAN, Anne-Marie 卓雅敏 Cabinet, 2020 [73][260]
TRUE, Nicholas 杜立勤 Cabinet, 2022
TUGENDHAT, Tom 董勤達 Cabinet, 2022 [261]
VILLIERS, Theresa 韋莉雅 Cabinet, 2012 [40][262]
WALLACE, Ben 華禮仕 Cabinet, 2019 [263][264]
WARSI, Sayeeda 韋倩婷 Cabinet, 2010 [265][266]
WHITELAW, William 韋德羅 Cabinet, 1979 [267]
WHITTINGDALE, John 韋廷毅 Cabinet, 2015 [268]
WILLIAMS, Gareth 韋廉思 Cabinet, 1999 [269]
WILLIAMSON, Gavin 韋廉信 Cabinet, 2016 [181][152]
WRIGHT, Jeremy 衛俊明 Cabinet, 2014 [270]
YOUNG, George 楊佐義 Cabinet, 1995 [271][272]
ZAHAWI, Nadhim 查學禮 Cabinet, 2021 [273][37]
Speakers of the House of Commons
BERCOW, John 柏爾勤 Speaker, 2009 [221][274] previously 白高漢.[275][276]
HOYLE, Lindsay 賀立紳 Speaker, 2019 [261]
First Ministers
DRAKEFORD, Mark 翟景輝 FM, 2018 [277][278] previously 查克佛.[279][280]
GETHING, Vaughan 紀偉敬 FM, 2024 [281]
FOSTER, Arlene 范愛玲 FM, 2016 [92][282]
O'NEILL, Michelle 敖美雪 FM, 2024 [281]
STURGEON, Nicola 施雅晴 FM, 2014 [221][283]
SWINNEY, John 施榮禮 FM, 2024 [281]
MP
ABBOTT, Diane 艾德雅 MP [284][285]
AMESS, David 顏敏時 MP
ALEXANDER, Douglas 艾禮遜 MP
ALLIN-KHAN, Rosena 艾露珊 MP [286][287]
BATTLE, John 貝德禮 MP [288]
BEBB, Guto 貝嘉濤 MP [289][290]
BLACKFORD, Ian 柏家輝 MP [291][292]
BROWNE, Jeremy 白偉明 MP [293]
CABORN, Richard 簡邦安 MP [294]
CORBYN, Jeremy 郝爾彬 MP [295][34]
DOUGHTY, Stephen 杜敬霆 MP
EAGLE, Angela 葉安琪 MP [296][297]
EVANS, Nigel 艾文思 MP [298]
FATCHETT, Derek 范卓德 MP [299]
FIELD, Mark 田銘祺 MP [300]
GAPES, Mike 祈沛思 MP [261]
GIBB, Nick 祈禮勤 MP [301]
JARVIS, Dan 翟偉紳 MP
KEETCH, Paul 祈智忠 MP [298]
KHAN, Sadiq 簡世德 MP [218][219]
LAING, Eleanor 黎恩 MP
LAWRENCE, Ivan 羅禮善 MP [302]
LONG-BAILEY, Rebecca 呂碧嘉 MP [35][303]
MacSHANE, Denis 麥守謙 MP [304]
MAUDE, Francis 麥浩德 MP [305][306]
McDONNELL, John 麥祖恩 MP [307][308]
McMAHON, Jim 麥文翰 MP
MILL, John Stuart 苗莊雪 MP [14]
PEARSON, Ian 裴毅生 MP [309]
PENNYCOOK, Matthew 彭立勤 MP
RAMMELL, Bill 韋明浩 MP [310]
REEVES, Ellie 李雅怡 MP
SKINNER, Dennis 施謙禮 MP [311]
SMITH, Owen 施安偉 MP [296][297]
SOURBY, Anna 蘇碧玲 MP [289][312] or 蘇愛琳.[313][314]
SWINSON, Jo 施詠淳 MP [313][315]
SWIRE, Hugo 施維爾 MP [316]
THOMAS-SYMONDS, Nick 佟世民 MP
THORNBERRY, Emily 方璧琳 MP [317][318]
WEST, Catherine 衛倩婷 MP
WILLETTS, David 韋力生 MP [319]
Lord
ANCRAM, Michael 艾敬文 Lord, MP [320]
BOSWELL, Tim 布思域 Lord [261]
COLLINS, Ray 郝偉文 Lord
DAVIDSON, Ruth 戴慧沁 Lord, MSP [307][321]
MAIR, Robert 馬賢雅 Lord [64]
TIMPSON, James 田柏舜 Lord
WARNER, Norman 華樂民 Lord, MP [146]
WILLOUGHBYDE BROKE (Lord) 韋朗布勳爵 Lord [322]
VALLANCE, Patrick 華磊思 Lord

British judges

edit

Cantonese names are assigned to British judges serving in Hong Kong judiciary as non-permanent judges in the Court of Final Appeal.

English Cantonese
CLARKE, Tony 簡嘉麒
COLLINS, Lawrence 郝廉思
COOKE, Robin 顧安國
HALE, Brenda 何熙怡
HODGE, Patrick 賀知義
HOFFMANN, Lennie 賀輔明
MILLETT, Peter 苗禮治
NEUBERGER, David 廖柏嘉
NICHOLLS, Donald 李啟新
PHILLIPS, Nick 范理申
REED, Robert 韋彥德
SCOTT, Richard 施廣智
SUMPTION, Jonathan 岑耀信
WALKER, Robert 華學佳
WOOLF, Harry 伍爾夫

British Consuls General to Hong Kong

edit
English Cantonese Remarks
BRADLEY, Stephen 柏聖文 [323]
BURNS, Robert Andrew 貝恩德 [93]
CORNISH, Francis 鄺富劭 [93]
DAVIDSON, Brian 戴偉紳 [324]
HEATH, Tamsin 何思婷
HEYN, Andrew 賀恩德
HODGE, James 何進
SEATON, Andrew 奚安竹
WILSON, Caroline 吳若蘭

British Deputy Consuls General to Hong Kong

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English Cantonese
BLYTHE, Esther 彭雅慧
BROWN, Stuart 鮑旭
DOREY, Greg
LINDSAY, Iain 黎思安
LYNCH, Paul 林博儒
RAYNER, Bob 韋諾文
ROBINSON, Sarah Elizabeth 樂秀慧
WOODWARD, Christopher Peter 胡德偉

Governors of Hong Kong

edit

(Note: Governors denoted with (*) had no official translated Cantonese names; Governors denoted with (#) referred to acting governors after Japanese occupation)

English Cantonese Remarks
BLACK, Robert 柏立基
BLAKE, Henry Arthur 卜力 (*)
BONHAM, George 般咸 (*) or 文咸
BOWEN, George 寶雲 (*)
BOWRING, John 寶靈 (*) or 包令
CALDECOTT, Andrew 郝德傑
CLEMENTI, Cecil 金文泰
DAVIS, John Francis 爹核士 (*) or 戴維斯 or 德庇時
DES VOEUX, William 德輔 (*)
GIMSON, Franklin 詹遜 (#)
GRANTHAM, Alexander 葛量洪
HARCOURT, Cecil 夏慤 (#)
HENNESSY, John Pope 軒尼詩 (*)
KENNEDY, Arthur 堅尼地 (*)
LUGARD, Frederick 盧吉 (*) or 盧嘉
MacDONNELL, Richard Graves 麥當奴 (*)
MacLEHOSE, Murray 麥理浩
MAY, Francis Henry 梅含理 (*)
NATHAN, Matthew 彌敦 (*)
NORTHCOTE, Geoffry 羅富國
PATTEN, Chris 彭定康
PEEL, William 貝璐
POTTINGER, Henry 砵甸乍 (*) or 璞鼎查
ROBINSON, Hercules;
later Lord Rosmead		 羅士敏勳爵 (*) or 樂善美勳爵; 勳爵 refers to Lord;
previously 羅便臣 before receiving peerage
ROBINSON, William 羅便臣 (*)
STUBBS, Edward 司徒拔
TRENCH, David 戴麟趾
WILSON, David 衛奕信 Previously 魏德巍. See the description in his entry for detailed explanation for his name change.
YOUDE, Edward 尤德
YOUNG, Mark Aitchison 楊慕琦

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