Order of precedence in Japan (Imperial family)

Order of precedence in Japan as of 2023:

The order of precedence in Japan is mostly for the Imperial Family. According to the Imperial Household Agency, there is no specific rules regulating the order of precedence. On occasions when most adult members of the Imperial Family need to attend, the order of precedence is decided according to previous customs and the regulations before WWII.

The Imperial Household Law published in 1889 regulated the order of precedence according to the titles held by Imperial Family members. According to the law, the order of precedence was as follows:

1. The Empress (皇后, kōgō)
   1. Empress Masako
2. The Grand Empress Dowager (太皇太后, tai-kōtaigō)
   1. N/A
3. The Empress Dowager (皇太后, kōtaigō)
   1. Equivalence: Michiko, Empress Emerita
      (Special case as she is not an Empress Dowager)
4. The Crown Prince (皇太子, kōtaishi)
   1. Equivalence: Fumihito, The Crown Prince Akishino
5. The Crown Princess (皇太子妃, kōtaishihi)
   1. Equivalence: Kiko, The Crown Princess Akishino
6. the heir apparent to the throne who is the grandson of the Emperor (皇太孫, kōtaisōn)
   1. N/A
7. the consort to the previous member (皇太孫妃, kōtaisōnhi)
   1. N/A
8. princes who are the sons and grandsons of an emperor (親王, shinnō), princesses consort to the previous princes (親王妃, shinnōhi ), blood princess who are the daughters and granddaughters of an emperor (内親王, naishinnō), princes who are the great-grandsons of an emperor or farther down the lineage (王, ō), princesses consort to the previous princes (王妃, ōhi), and blood princesses who are the great-granddaughters of an emperor or farther down the lineage (女王, joō)
   1. Prince (親王, shinnō) (Excluded: Crown Prince Akishino, who holds the title shinnō, listed above)
      1. Prince Hisahito of Akhisino
      2. Masahito, The Prince Hitachi
   2. Princess (親王妃, shinnōhi ) (Excluded: Crown Princess Akishino, who holds the title shinnōhi, listed above)
      1. Hanako, The Princess Hitachi
      2. Nobuko, Princess Tomohito of Mikasa
      3. Hisako, The Princess Takamado
   3. Princess (内親王, naishinnō)
      1. Aiko, The Princess Toshi
      2. Princess Kako of Akishino
   4. Prince (王, ō)
      1. N/A
   5. Princess (王妃, ōhi)
      1. N/A
   6. Princess (女王, joō)
      1. Princess Akiko of Mikasa
      2. Princess Yoko of Mikasa
      3. Princess Tsuguko of Takamado

This regulation targeted 皇族 (Kōzoku), which translated to English as members of the Imperial Family. In Japanese, the range of Kōzoku are the members of the Imperial Family that exclude the Emperor. According to the Emperor Abdication Law, the range of 皇族 exclude the Emperor Emeritus (上皇, jōkō) and include the Empress Emerita Empress Emerita (上皇后, jōkōgō). The Empress Emerita is seen as equivalent to the Empress Dowager, thus ranking below the Empress.

The order of precedence in Japan does not list male and female members separately.

The Imperial Household Law (1889) did not make specific regulations regarding the order of precedence of princes and princesses. However, according to custom, the princes are ranked in accordance with their positions in the line of succession to the throne. The consorts rank behind their husbands. The blood princesses are ranked as if they are princes and siblings are ranked in terms of seniority.

The Order of Precedence for the current members of the Imperial Family of Japan (For convenience, the Emperor and the Emperor Emeritus are included)

1. HM The Emperor (Naruhito)
2. HM The Empress (Masako)
3. HM The Emperor Emeritus (Akihito), the father of Naruhito and former emperor who abdicated in 2019
4. HM The Empress Emerita (Michiko), the mother of Naruhito and the consort of Akihito
5. HIH The Crown Prince Akishino (Fuminito), the younger brother of Naruhito and the second son of Akihito and Michiko
6. HIH The Crown Princess Akishino (Kiko), the consort of Fumihito
7. HIH The Princess Toshi (Aiko), the only child of Naruhito and Masako
8. HIH Princess Kako of Akhisino, the niece of Naruhito and the second daughter of Fumihito and Kiko
9. HIH Prince Hisahito of Akhisino, the nephew of Naruhito and the only son of Fumihito and Kiko
10. HIH The Prince Hitachi (Masahito), the uncle of Naruhito and the younger son of Emperor Showa
11. HIH The Princess Hitachi (Hanako), the consort of Masahito
12. HIH Princess Tomohito of Mikasa (Nobuko), the widow of the late Prince Tomohito of Mikasa, who is the first cousin once removed of Naruhito and the eldest son of the late Prince Mikasa, the youngest son of Emperor Taishō
13. HIH Princess Akiko of Mikasa, the elder daughter of Tomohito and Nobuko
14. HIH Princess Yōko of Mikasa, the younger daughter of Tomohito and Nobuko
15. HIH The Princess Takamado (Hisako), the widow of Prince Takamado, who is the first cousin once removed of Naruhito and the youngest son of Prince Mikasa
16. HIH Princess Tsuguko of Takamado, the eldest daughter of Prince and Princess Takamado