Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis is a gram-negative bacterial species that colonises the human respiratory tract. Despite being related to the bird pathogen O. rhinotracheale, it is not a zoonosis. It has been detected in microbiome data from people around the world, including The Gambia,[2] Madagascar and Central African Republic,[3] Kenya,[4] Mae La refugee camp in Thailand,[5] rural Venezuela,[6] Australia,[7] and Fiji.[8]
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| Species: | Ca. Ornithobacterium hominis
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| Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis Salter et al.[1]
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Detection
editCa. O. hominis can be identified from its unique 16S rRNA sequence.[9] Alternatively a clinical sample can be tested using a PCR assay targeting either the 16S rRNA gene or the conserved deamidating toxin gene ToxA.[1]
Culture growth
editCa. O. hominis may be cultured from clinical specimens such as nasopharyngeal swabs on solid media including blood agar, chocolate agar, or tryptic soy agar. It requires microaerobic conditions and high humidity. Colonies grow slowly in a mixed bacterial sample and may require up to 5 days incubation at 35-37°C. Colonies are pleomorphic, glistening, grey and concave. They range in size from 1 to 3 mm after 48–120 hours incubation.[10]
References
edit- ^ a b Salter, S.J. (2019). "'Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis': insights gained from draft genomes obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs". Microbial Genomics. 5 (2). doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000247. PMC 6421346. PMID 30720420.
- ^ Kwambana-Adams, B. (2017). "Rapid replacement by non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes may mitigate the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacterial ecology". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 8127. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.8127K. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08717-0. PMC 5557800. PMID 28811633.
- ^ Vonaesch, P. (2018). "Stunted childhood growth is associated with decompartmentalization of the gastrointestinal tract and overgrowth of oropharyngeal taxa". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 115 (36): E8489–E8498. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115E8489V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1806573115. PMC 6130352. PMID 30126990.
- ^ Feazel, L.M. (2015). "Effects of Vaccination with 10-Valent Pneumococcal Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenza Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PHiD-CV) on the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome of Kenyan Toddlers". PLOS ONE. 10 (6): e0128064. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1028064F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128064. PMC 4471099. PMID 26083474.
- ^ Salter, S.J. (2017). "A longitudinal study of the infant nasopharyngeal microbiota: The effects of age, illness and antibiotic use in a cohort of South East Asian children". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 11 (10): e0005975. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005975. PMC 5638608. PMID 28968382.
- ^ Clemente, J.C. (2015). "The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians". Science Advances. 1 (3): e1500183. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E0183C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500183. PMC 4517851. PMID 26229982.
- ^ Marsh, R.L. (2016). "The microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage from young children with chronic lung disease includes taxa present in both the oropharynx and nasopharynx". Microbiome. 4 (1): 37. doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0182-1. PMC 4936249. PMID 27388563.
- ^ Boelsen, L.K. (2019). "The association between pneumococcal vaccination, ethnicity, and the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children in Fiji". Microbiome. 7 (1): 106. doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0716-4. PMC 6636143. PMID 31311598.
- ^ "Reference sequence for Ca. O. hominis strain OH-22803, 16S rRNA gene". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 29 August 2018.
- ^ Lawrence, K.A. (2019). "Method for culturing Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis". Journal of Microbial Methods. 159: 157–160. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2019.03.006. PMID 30871998. S2CID 78093117.