The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Finland.
Finland – sovereign Nordic country located in Northern Europe.[1] Finland has borders with Sweden to the west, Russia to the east, and Norway to the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland. The capital city is Helsinki.
Around 5.62 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern part of country.[2] It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. The native language for most of the population is Finnish, a member of the Uralic language family most closely related to Estonian and one of the four EU languages not of Indo-European origin. The second official language, Swedish, is spoken by a 5.5 percent minority.[3] Finland is a democratic, parliamentary republic with a central government and local governments in 309 (2021)/308 municipalities (as of 1 January 2025). Greater Helsinki (including Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen) totals a million residents and a third of the GDP. Other major cities include Tampere, Turku, and Oulu.
Finland was historically part of Sweden and from 1809 an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire. Finland's declaration of independence in 1917 from Russia was followed by a civil war, wars against the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, and a period of official neutrality during the Cold War. Finland joined the United Nations in 1955, the European Union in 1995, and NATO in 2023, and participates in the Eurozone. Finland has been ranked the second most stable country in the world, in a survey based on social, economic, political, and military indicators.[4]
Finland has seen excellent results in many international comparisons of national performance such as the share of high-technology manufacturing, the rate of gross domestic product growth, and the protection of civil liberties.[5]
General reference
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- Pronunciation: /ˈfɪnlənd/
- Common English country name: Finland
- Official English country name: The Republic of Finland
- Common endonym(s): Suomi
- Official endonym(s): Suomen tasavalta
- Adjectival(s): Finnish
- Demonym(s): Finns
- Etymology: Name of Finland
- International rankings of Finland
- ISO country codes: FI, FIN, 246
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:FI
- Internet country code top-level domain: .fi
Geography of Finland
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- Finland is: a Nordic country
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Time zone: Eastern European Time (UTC+02), Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+03)
- Extreme points of Finland
- High: Halti 1,324 m (4,344 ft)
- Low: Baltic Sea 0 m
- Land boundaries: 2,654 km
- Population of Finland: 5,356,900 (March 6, 2010) - 112th most populous country
- Area of Finland: 338,145 km2
- Atlas of Finland
Environment of Finland
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- Climate of Finland
- Environmental issues in Finland
- Renewable energy in Finland
- Geology of Finland
- Protected areas of Finland
- Wildlife of Finland
Natural geographic features of Finland
editRegions of Finland
editEcoregions of Finland
editAdministrative divisions of Finland
editAdministrative divisions of Finland
Provinces of Finland
editRegions of Finland
editSub-regions of Finland
editMunicipalities of Finland
edit- Capital of Finland: Helsinki
- Cities of Finland
Demography of Finland
editGovernment and politics of Finland
edit- Form of government: semi-presidential representative democratic republic
- Capital of Finland: Helsinki
- Elections in Finland
- Political parties in Finland
- Taxation in Finland
Branches of the government of Finland
editExecutive branch of the government of Finland
edit- Head of state: President of Finland,
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Finland,
- Cabinet of Finland
Legislative branch of the government of Finland
editJudicial branch of the government of Finland
editForeign relations of Finland
editInternational organization membership
editThe Republic of Finland is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Finland
edit- Capital punishment in Finland
- Constitution of Finland
- Crime in Finland
- Human rights in Finland
- Law enforcement in Finland
Military of Finland
edit- Command
- Forces
- Military history of Finland
- Military ranks of Finland
Local government in Finland
editHistory of Finland
editCulture of Finland
edit- Architecture of Finland
- Cuisine of Finland
- Festivals in Finland
- Languages of Finland
- Media in Finland
- National symbols of Finland
- People of Finland
- Sex work in Finland
- Public holidays in Finland
- History of philosophy in Finland
- Religion in Finland
- World Heritage Sites in Finland
Art in Finland
edit- Art in Finland
- Cinema of Finland
- Literature of Finland
- Music of Finland
- Television in Finland
- Theatre in Finland
Sports in Finland
editEconomy and infrastructure of Finland
edit- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 34th (thirty-fourth)
- Agriculture in Finland
- Banking in Finland
- Communications in Finland
- Companies of Finland
- Currency of Finland: Euro (see also: Euro topics)
- Energy in Finland
- Health care in Finland
- Mining in Finland
- Finland Stock Exchange
- Tourism in Finland
- Transport in Finland
Education in Finland
editSee also
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- All pages with titles beginning with Finland
- All pages with titles containing Finland
- All pages with titles beginning with Finnish
- All pages with titles containing Finnish
- List of Finland-related topics
- List of international rankings
- Member state of the European Union
- Member states of NATO
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of Europe
- Outline of geography
References
edit- ^ a b "Finland". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ^ "The current population of Finland". Population Register Center. Archived from the original on 2009-04-15. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ^ "The population of Finland in 2006". Statistics Finland. 2006-12-31. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
- ^ The Failed States Index 2008 Archived 2008-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Finland: World Audit Democracy Profile". WorldAudit.org. Archived from the original on 2013-10-30. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
External links
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Finland travel guide from Wikivoyage- The Finnish Government – Official governmental site
- The President of Finland – Official site of the President of the Republic of Finland
- Parliament of Finland – Official Parliamentary site
- ThisisFINLAND – Main portal to Finland (administered by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland)
- Visit Finland – The official travel and tourism guide by the Finnish Tourist Board
- Helsinki.fi – Capital of Finland's city portal
- Today's weather by the Finnish Meteorological Institute
