Duruwa (Odia: ପରଜି, Devanagari: धुरुवा) or Dhuruwa or Parji is a Central Dravidian language spoken by the Duruwa people of India, in the districts of Koraput in Odisha and Bastar in Chhattisgarh. The language is related to Ollari and Kolami, which is also spoken by other neighbouring tribes.
| Dhurwa | |
|---|---|
| ପରଜି, धुरुवा Parji | |
| Native to | India |
| Ethnicity | Duruwa |
Native speakers | 52,349 (2011 census)[1] |
Dravidian
| |
| Odia script, Devanagari script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pci |
| Glottolog | duru1236 |
| ELP | Duruwa |
Classification
editDuruwa is a member of the Central Dravidian languages.[2][3] Duruwa is a spoken language and is generally not written. Whenever it is written, it makes use of the Devanagari script in Bastar district and Odia script in Koraput district.
Phonology
edit| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| High | i | iː | u | uː | ||
| Mid | e | eː | o | oː | ||
| Low | a | aː | ||||
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n̪ | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | c | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | (s) | (h) | |||||
| Approximant | central | ʋ | j | ||||
| lateral | l | ||||||
| Tap | ɾ | ɽ | |||||
Dialects
editThere are four dialects: Tiriya, Nethanar, Dharba, and Kukanar. They are mutually intelligible.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
- ^ Fairservis, Walter Ashlin (1997). The Harappan Civilization and Its Writing: A Model for the Decipherment of the Indus Script. Asian Studies. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 78. ISBN 978-90-04-09066-8.
- ^ Stassen, Leon (1997). Intransitive Predication. Oxford Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory. Oxford University Press. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-19-925893-2.
- ^ a b Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003). The Dravidian languages (null ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780511060373.