The Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St John the Baptist is a monastic community for both men and women, directly under the Ecumenical Patriarchate. It is located in Tolleshunt Knights, near Maldon, Essex, in England, and is the oldest Orthodox religious community in the UK.
The religious community was founded in 1958 by St Sophrony of Essex,[1] under the jurisdiction of Metropolitan Anthony, Metropolitan of Sourozh and ruling Russian bishop in England, with six monastics from a number of nations; soon after, in 1965, the monastery moved under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
The community is distinctive in that it is a double monastery, consisting of both women and men living the monastic tradition of a Christ-centred prayer life. Currently, there are just under 40 monastics in the community, the majority of whom are nuns, with a smaller number of monks.[1]
After the death of St. Sophrony in 1993 the Archimandrite was Father Kyrillos. Since his retirement in 2019 the Archimandrite has been Father Peter (born 1977).[2]
Daily life
editWhen founding the monastery, St Sophrony wanted to be sure that his community would not just have outward conformity, but have its focus on inner asceticism. The typikon of the monastery, consisting of repetition of the Jesus Prayer for approximately four hours per day and Divine Liturgy three or four times per week, found inspiration in Elder Sophrony's experience in the Athonite desert, and precedent in Athonite skete practice, St Nicodemus and St Paisius Velichkovsky.
Also, another distinctive part of this monastery is that it is a double monastery. That is, the community has both monks and nuns in separate residential quarters. This is rare, but is not unheard of, in Orthodox monasticism.[1]
History
editThe Patriarchal Stavropegic Monastery of St John the Baptist had its beginnings largely in the person of St Sophrony of Essex. After his departure from Mount Athos, where he had been a disciple of Saint Silouan the Athonite, and his subsequent move to Paris, he was to live in a Russian old-people's home, assisting the priest there. Soon, two men would seek out St Sophrony, desiring the monastic life. They were allowed to live at the old-people's home, using the repetition of the Jesus Prayer in lieu of liturgical books and eating the food that the old-age inhabitants did not eat. There were also a few nuns living at the home at this time.[3]
By 1958, St Sophrony had six people living around him, seeking the monastic life. Realising that such a situation could not continue, he went to Tolleshunt Knights, near Maldon, Essex, England, to inspect a property; in early 1959, the new Community of St John the Baptist was formed at the same property, under Metropolitan Anthony's omophorion. The monastery, from its beginnings, had both monks and nuns, due to Elder Sophrony being unable to oversee two separate communities.[3]
The Monastery of St John the Baptist moved under the omophorion of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 1965, becoming patriarchal; later, the monastery would also be titled Stavropegic.
Death of St Sophrony
editThe monastery had been informed that the only way that it could bury people on its property was to build an underground crypt, which it proceeded to build, and to which St Sophrony said that he would not repose until the crypt was ready. Then, having been told of the expected completion date of 12 July 1993, Elder Sophrony stated that he "would be ready". On 11 July, St Sophrony died; and his funeral and burial were held three days later, attended by monastics from around the world. Mother Elizabeth, the eldest nun, died soon after on 24 July, according to Elder Sophrony's words that he would die first, and she would die soon after.[4]
Cycle of services
editSaturday: 7:00 am - Hours and Divine Liturgy
- 5:00-7:30 pm - Vigil
Sunday: Hours and Divine Liturgy at 10:00 am
- 3:00 pm - Vespers and Paraklesis, followed by talks in Greek and English
Daily: 6.00-8:00 am (except when the Divine Liturgy is served) and 5:30-7:30 pm - Repetition of the Jesus Prayer
Tuesday and Thursday: 7:00 am - Hours and Divine Liturgy
Feastdays: Vigil on the preceding evening; Hours and Divine Liturgy in the morning
Publishing
editOne of the motivating factors behind St Sophrony's move to France was the publishing of St Silouan's books. When St Sophrony moved to England, the monastery became the publisher of these works. In 1973, a more complete translation of the life of St Silouan, titled Monk of Mt Athos, was published; followed in 1975 by Wisdom of Mt Athos, a collation of the writings of St Silouan. After this, St Sophrony began to publish books of his own, beginning with His Life is Mine in 1977 and then We Shall See Him As He Is in 1985. In 1987, the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate glorified St Silouan the Athonite, and in 2019 St Sophrony of Essex himself.
Books published by the monastery
edit- Monk of Mt Athos, by Archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov), 1973
- Wisdom of Mt Athos, by Archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov), 1975
- His Life is Mine, by Archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov), 1977
- We Shall See Him As He Is, by Archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov), 1985
- On Prayer, by Archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov), 1996
- Christ Our Way and Our Life, by Archimandrite Zacharias, 2001
- The Hidden Man of the Heart, by Archimandrite Zacharias, 2007
- Conversations with Children: Communicating our Faith, by Sister Magdalen, 2001
Notable inhabitants
edit
- St Sophrony of Essex, the first abbot, 1959-1993
- Archimandrite Kyrillos, second abbot, 1993-2019
- Archimandrite Peter, third abbot, 2019–present. Author of Theology as a Spiritual State: in the Life and Teaching of Saint Sophrony the Athonite.[5]
- Archimandrite Zacharias, author of Christ Our Way and Our Life, Monasticism, the All-embracing Gift of the Holy Spirit and more.[6]
- Sister Magdalen, noted speaker, author of Reflections on Children in the Church Today and Conversations with Children: Communicating our Faith.[7][8]
- Sister Gabriela, iconographer and mosaic artist, author of Seeking Perfection in the World of Art.[9]
See also
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ a b c [1]University of Lampeter website Archived 2008-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ New abbot elected for St. John’s Monastery in Essex - Website of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the UK
- ^ a b Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain
- ^ On Prayer By Archimandrite Sophrony, Translated by Rosemary Edmonds Published by St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1999 ISBN 0-88141-194-9
- ^ Short Biography of Archimandrite Peter
- ^ Short Biography of Archimandrite Zacharias
- ^ Children in the Church Today: An Orthodox Perspective By Sister Magdalen, Published by St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1991 ISBN 0-88141-104-3
- ^ St. George Orthodox Christian Cathedral Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Sister Maria and the Monastery of St John the Baptist
Sources
edit- I Love Therefore I Am, by Hmk Nicholas V Sakharov.
External links
edit- Website of the Archdiocese of Thyateira & Great Britain
- A Taste of Monastic Life, report by Dwynwen East on a pilgrimage held on 17–20 September 2003.
- CD recording of the Service of St Silouan the Athonite, chanted in Greek by Simonopetra Monastery, Mt Athos; copyrighted by St John the Baptist Monastery, Essex.