Portal:Anarchism/Anniversaries/January

These are the selected anniversaries for January that appear on the Anarchism portal. The "edit" links edit the portal subpages that are displayed as sections here.

January 1

• 1881 – Paris Commune leader Louis Auguste Blanqui (1805) dies, Paris. A huge crowd attends his funeral. Anarchist Louise Michel (pictured), among delegates & labor figures in attendance.
• 1895 – German anarchist, Rudolf Rocker arrives in London.
• 1898 – First Rio Grande do Sul State Congress, January 1-2. First formal meeting of workers to take up social ideas in Brazil, 10 organizations, including one identified as anarchist.
• 1900 – Daijiro Furuta born. Japanese anarchist, member of the Guillotine Society (Girochin Sha), an anarchist terrorist group.
• 1919 – Sara Berenguer born, Barcelona. Poet, anarchist member of Mujeres Libres.
• 1932 – The Nation magazine includes Emma Goldman's Living My Life among its list of most notable books of 1931.
• 1984 – Augustin Souchy (1892-1984), German anarchist pacifist, dies (age 92).
• 1994 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation declares war on the Mexican state, to protest the implementation of NAFTA.
• 2000 – Arthur Lehning (1899-2000) dies (age 100). Anarchist, anti-militarist, former secretary of the anarcho-syndicalist International Workers' Association (1932-1935), essayist, and the sole editor of the avant-garde journal i 10.

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January 2

• 1886 – Elise Ottesen-Jensen (d. 1973) born. Norwegian-Swedish sexuality educator, journalist & anarchist feminist agitator.
• 1905 – Louis Dorlet born, Nievre. French anarchist & pacifist.
• 1922 – Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, & Alexander Schapiro, having left Russia disillusioned with the Bolshevik revolution, arrive in Stockholm, & are met by birth-control advocates Albert Jensen & Elise Ottesen-Jensen.
• 1965 – Bomb explodes in Naples at the Spanish Consulate. The attack is claimed by the Spanish anarchists of the CNT, FAI & FIJL.
• 1974 – Jean de Boe (1889-1974) dies (age 85). Anarchist militant, typographer, trade unionist & cooperativist. Founder of the Brussels Revolutionary Group. Convicted as an accomplice to the Bonnot Gang.
• 1991 – In Concepción, Chile, Anarchist Intercities Federation (Federacion Anarquista Interciudadana) is established.
• 1999 – Andre Arru (aka Jean-René Sauliere) dies (age 87). French anarchist & pacifist, underground organizer during WWII, & a member, since 1983, of the ADMD (Droit de Mourir dans la Dignite), a "right to die" association.

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January 3

• 1903 – Anarchist Jack Frager born. An Anarchist and labour activist, he was arrested at age 88 during a Hiroshima Day protest, for painting the shadows of bomb victims on sidewalks in New York City.
• 1904 – Ricardo Flores Magón, with his brother Enrique (both pictured), seeking to escape constant government repression, leaves Mexico for the United States.
• 1917 – The trial of Tom Mooney, anarchist, socialist and labor activist, after the Preparedness Day Bombing, begins in San Francisco.
• 1922 – The Anarchist Review (La Revue Anarchiste) appears in Paris. It runs for 35 issues, until August 1925, & counts many talented collaborators.
• 1925 – Benito Mussolini gives a speech before the Italian Chamber of Deputies, ending the parliamentary system and issues a decree ordering the dissolution of the anarcho-syndicalist Unione Sindacala Italiana (USI).
• 1937 – Emma Goldman begins organizing publicity campaign about the Spanish Revolution, including planning mass meetings in London & the provinces, but is hampered by poor communication with & lack of urgency among key anarchist leaders in Barcelona.
• 1972 – Frans Masereel (1889-1972) dies (age 82) in Avignon. A graphic designer best known for his woodcut novels.
• 2003 – The 25th Congress of the Italian Anarchist Federation (Federazione Anarchica Italiana, FAI) is held in Imola, Italy.

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January 4

• 1879 – The first edition of anarchist Johann Most's (pictured) German-language newspaper Freiheit was published in London.
• 1886 – Armand Guerra (born José Estivalis Calvo) (1886-1939) born. Writer & Spanish anarchist scenario writer, film director, member of the young Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT).
• 1891 – The Congress of Capolago, founding of the Revolutionary Anarchist Socialist Party (PSAR), January 4-6th in Switzerland. Amilcare Cipriani, Errico Malatesta, Francesco Saverio Merlino, Ettore Molinari, Luigi Galleani, & Pietro Gori are the chief backers & propagandists of this party.
• 1891 – Founding of the Italian Socialist Revolutionary Anarchist Party at a congress in Capolago, Switzerland
• 1951 – Birth of American anarchist and lawyer Bob Black in Detroit
• 1917 – Leo Voline (Leo Eichenbaum) born, in Paris. Anarchist, member of a CNT military column durig the Spanish Civil War, and the third child of Voline.
• 1960 – Albert Camus (1913-1960) dies (age 46), in an automobile accident near Sens. French-Algerian author, absurdist philosopher, and anarchist.
• 2007 – Henri Portier (1941-2007) dies (age 66). French Anarcho-syndicalist, pacifist, antimilitarist, & historian.

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January 5

• 1844 – Birth of Peruvian anarchist and librarian Manuel González Prada (pictured)
• 1878 – Birth of Nelly Roussel. Free thinker, anarchist, feminist. Partner of the sculptor Henri Godet.
• 1911 – Inauguration of the first anarchist Ferrer School in New York City
• 1940 – Death of Spanish anarchist Francisco Sabaté Llopart after a shootout with the Civil Guard paramilitary police

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January 6

• 1858 – Sébastien Faure born, Saint-Etienne. Studied to be a Jesuit priest, was a candidate for the Marxist Workers Party, but under the influence of Peter Kropotkin, Élisée Reclus & Joseph Tortelier he moved towards anarchism. Closely associated with Louise Michel, he became a major figure in his own right, & one of the best-known anarchists in the country.
• 1907 – Emma Goldman is arrested by the New York City Anarchist Police Squad while delivering the same lecture she had successfully presented the previous month; Emma is charged with publicly expressing "incendiary sentiments." Alexander Berkman & two others are also arrested. Police evidence presented before the New York City magistrate's court on the 11th; case is later dismissed.
• 1912 – Christian anarchist Jacques Ellul lives, Bordeaux, France.
• 1918 – Dispersal of the Russian Constituent Assembly, by a detachment led by the anarchist sailor Zheleznyakov, who announces: "The Guard is Tired."
• 1920 – Josep Lluís i Facerias born in Barcelona, Spain.
• 1982 – Albert Meister (1927-1982) dies, Kyoto, Japan. Swiss author & anarchist sociologist. Founder of the international review "Community Development." In a totally unrelated "field" Meister & Jacques Vallet, founded, in 1977, "Le Fou parle" ("The Insane One Speaks"), a magazine of art & humor.

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January 7

• 1895 – Georgette Ryner (1895-1975) lives, Nogent-le-Rotrou, France. Poet, writer, teacher & collaborator in many anarchist newspapers. Partner of Han Ryner. Devoted to children, to whom she brought aid in Algeria in 1966. Author of numerous books & poems. Wrote Dans la ronde éternelle (1926), Adolescente passionnée (1969).
• 1900 – Ludovic Masse lives (1900-1982), in Roussillon, France. Proletarian & libertarian writer.
• 1920 - Albert Meltzer born in London, England.
• 1920 – Leah Feldman (1899-1993) is cremated in London, England. One of the ordinary women & men who rarely get into history books but provide the backbone of radical movements.

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January 8

• 1883 – In Lyon the trial of the Internationale, against the anarchists known as "The 66", begins.
• 1892 – Anarchist revolt in Andalusia, to the cry of "Vive la révolution sociale". Hundreds of farm laborers take the town of Jerez. The uprising is quickly subdued and its leaders captured & tortured.
• 1907 – Carmen Conde (aka Florentina) (1907-1996), born. Anarchist feminist, lecturer, member of Mujeres Libres and contributor to journal of the same name.
• 1911 – Pietro Gori (pictured) (1865-1911), Italian lawyer, anarchist & legal defender of anarchists, dramatist, poet, and songwriter, dies (age 46).
• 1933 – Anarchist uprisings begin in Barcelona, Madrid & Valencia.
• 1937 – Spanish Revolution: The Popular Executive Committee of Valencia dissolves itself, returning the Valencian Community to unitary rule by the Spanish Republic.
• 1970 – Ammon Hennacy (1893-1970), Christian anarchist writer, dies (age 67) due to heart attack while picketing against capital punishment.
• 1972 – Kenneth Patchen (1911-1972), poet, novelist, painter, graphic designer, pacifist, early anarchist participant in the San Francisco Libertarian Circle — dies (age 61).
• 1973 – Tupamaros guerillas kidnap British ambassador Geoffrey Jackson. The Anarchist Black Cross in London is asked to mediate between the involved parties, with Albert Meltzer as negotiator. Jackson is released eight months later, unharmed.

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January 9

• 1870 – France: Alexander Herzen dies, Paris. A Russian socialist strongly influenced by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon & other anarchists. He helped finance his close friend Mikhail Bakunin's escape from Tsarist Russia.
• 1883 – France: Lyon, 68 anarchistes are on trial. These include Peter Kropotkin, Emile Gautier, Toussaint Bordat & Joseph Bernard. They wrote a document, "The Manifesto of the Anarchists," describing what anarchy is, & what anarchists want: "We claim bread for all, knowledge for all, work for all, independence & justice for all." For such perfidy they will get their bread — in prison, some of them for four years.
• 1905 – Louise Michel died in Marseille, France.
• 1924 – France: Jean-Baptiste Thuriault dies. French labor militant, considered by authorities to be the "Grand Master" of anarchism in the Nièvre department.
• 1943 – Giovanni Rossi (aka Cardias) dies, aged 87. Italian veterinarian, teacher, collectivist anarchist, a founder of Cittadella Colony &, in Brazil, the Cecilia Colony. See the Anarchist Encyclopedia page,

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January 10

• 1859 – Francisco Ferrer was born in Alella, Spain.
• 1919 – Germany: Arrest of the author, poet, publisher, anarchist Erich Mühsam [Muehsam] & 11 other radicals.
• 1919 – US: Prison quarantine lifted during this month; influenza outbreak under control. Emma Goldman visited by M. Eleanor Fitzgerald, who brings her a smuggled communication from Alexander Berkman. Emma Goldman, anarchist
• 1933 – Spain: Anarchist Uprising in Spain 1933. Rioting, bombings & gunfighting continue throughout the country as the Revolution spreads to the southern cities. Anarchists & Syndicalists besiege Barcelona. Armed anarchist risings in Barcelona (January-February) & several other cities are defeated by the Republican government; left-right polarization develops further in Spain.
• 1950 – Clovis-Abel Pignat (alias "Tschombine Pategnon") dies.
• 1977 – Italy: The anarchist monthly "Sicilia Libertaria" premiers during this month.
• 2019 – Syrian Civil War: The militant unit Anarchist Struggle announces its existence, having been active in the war since August 2017.

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January 11

• 1856 – Giovanni Rossi (aka Cardias) lives (1856-1943). Italian veterinarian, teacher, collectivist anarchist, a founder of Cittadella Colony & the Brazilian Cecilia Colony.
• 1887 – The trial of French anarchist Clément Duval began, but ended in chaos, with Duval dragged from the court shouting "Long live Anarchy!".
• 1911 – The first Modern School in the USA was founded in New York City.
• 1931 – Living My Life, Emma Goldman's autobiography was finished.
• 1932 – Spain: Rising of Casas Viejas Pueblo in Cadiz, Spain, heralds Civil War; anarchist elder "Seisdedos" fights to the death against the hated Civil Guards. See The Anarchists of Casas Viejas by Jerome Mintz.
• 1943 – Carlo Tresca was assassinated, no-one was ever charged.
• 1999 – Italy: Fabrizio De André, Sardinian anarchist songster, dies in Milan. Buried two days later, in Genoa, the ceremony is attended by an immense crowd of about 10,000.

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January 12

• 1883 – France: In Lyon at the trial of the workers' International, begun on January 8 against the anarchists known as "The 66", the 'Anarchist Declaration' is read out to the court. Likely written by Peter Kropotkin, one of those tried & convicted, it is a summary of the ideals of the accused.
• 1983 – Spain's Confederación Nacional del Trabajo held its sixth Congress in Barcelona.
• 1913 – Emma Goldman delivers six Sunday lectures in New York City (January 12-February 16) on the modern drama. Emma Goldman, anarchist
• 1926 – Pedro Augusto Mota (189?-1926) dies. Brazilian graphics worker, journalist & militant anarchist & labor activist.
• 1933 – Spain: The anarchist uprisings which began on 8 January are brutally suppressed.
• 1940 – Canada: During this month Emma Goldman's mail is intercepted by pinch-faced censors, their suspicion raised by the many letters containing money pouring into her address for the defense of Arthur Bortolotti, whose case attracts further attention in the US through articles in the Nation & the New Republic by Goldman. Emma Goldman, anarchist feminist
• 1983 – Spain: 6th CNT-AIT anarchist Congress, Barcelona (January 12-16th). Anarchist Conference poster
• 2002 – England: Anarchist flag appears atop the Argentine Embassy! Scaling the heights of one of the slag heaps of authority to signal the need of a large dustbin for this debt-ridden sodbag.

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• 1883 – France: In Lyon at the trial of the workers' International, begun on January 8 against the anarchists known as "The 66", the 'Anarchist Declaration' is read out to the court. Likely written by Peter Kropotkin, one of those tried & convicted, it is a summary of the ideals of the accused.
• 1983 – Spain's Confederación Nacional del Trabajo held its sixth Congress in Barcelona.
• 1913 – Emma Goldman delivers six Sunday lectures in New York City (January 12-February 16) on the modern drama. Emma Goldman, anarchist
• 1926 – Pedro Augusto Mota (189?-1926) dies. Brazilian graphics worker, journalist & militant anarchist & labor activist.
• 1933 – Spain: The anarchist uprisings which began on 8 January are brutally suppressed.
• 1940 – Canada: During this month Emma Goldman's mail is intercepted by pinch-faced censors, their suspicion raised by the many letters containing money pouring into her address for the defense of Arthur Bortolotti, whose case attracts further attention in the US through articles in the Nation & the New Republic by Goldman. Emma Goldman, anarchist feminist
• 1983 – Spain: 6th CNT-AIT anarchist Congress, Barcelona (January 12-16th). Anarchist Conference poster
• 2002 – England: Anarchist flag appears atop the Argentine Embassy! Scaling the heights of one of the slag heaps of authority to signal the need of a large dustbin for this debt-ridden sodbag. Edit January 12 anniversaries]

January 13

• 1874 – Spain: The Cantonal rebellion is brought to an end, with the surrender of Cartagena.
• 1894 – Anarchist armed insurrection in Lunigiana, Italy.
• 1894 – England: During this month the anarchist-communist monthly "Liberty" premiers in London. Founded by James Tochatti, the magazine runs until December 1896, its columns present a wide range of libertarian ideas, & articles by Louise Michel & Peter Kropotkin.
• 1909 – US: Emma Goldman lectures on "The Dissolution of Our Institutions" in San Francisco, California, followed by a statement by William Buwalda, a soldier court-martialed last year & recently pardoned by President Roosevelt. This event actually takes place without police interference.
• 1910 – Russia: Moishe Tokar, a young Russian Jewish anarchist who attempted to assassinate Hershelman, the hated military commander of the Vilna Fortress, is sentenced to death.
• 1924 – The originator of Epistemological anarchism, Paul Feyerabend was born in Vienna, Austria.

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January 14

• 1850 – Germany: While held in the Königstein fortress, the anarchist Michael Bakunin is condemned to death by Saxon tribunal.
• 1888 – Émile Bachelet born (1888-1967). Anarchiste individualiste, antimilitariste, impliqué dans les affaires liées à la bande à Bonnot. Wrote Trimards (roman; 1951).
• 1909 – Dr. Ben Reitman & Emma Goldman arrested on charges of conspiracy against the government; both are held on bail. Buwalda arrested for disturbing the peace. Supporters of Goldman & Reitman rally to protest the arrests tomorrow; police forcibly end gatherings.
• 1909 – Spain: Félix Likiniano born (1909-1983).
• 1918 – Emma Goldman (pictured) sentenced to 2 years in prison for obstructing the draft.
• 1919 – Russia: Voline, Russian revolutionary & anarchist historian, arrested & dragged from one prison to another.
• 1921 – Murray Bookchin born.
• 1945 – France: Jean Ajalbert dies.

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January 15

• 1809 – Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was born in Besançon, France.
• 1870 – Solidaridad, the first paper of the Spanish section of the IWA was published by Anselmo Lorenzo and others.
• 1881 – Pierre Monatte was born in France.
• 1916 – Publication of The Blast was announced by Alexander Berkman.
• 1934 – Canada: Emma Goldman gives a well-attended series of lectures, January 15-31, at Hygeia Hall in Toronto.
• 1937 – Spanish Revolution: The Madrid Defence Council is reshuffled, appointing Lorenzo Íñigo Granizo as Minister of War Industries and Manuel González Marín as Minister of Transport.
• 1937 – Spanish Civil War: The Free Spain Column is militarized into the 70th Mixed Brigade.
• 1939 – Agustín Gómez-Arcos was born in Andalusia, Spain.
• 1978 – Spain's Confederación Nacional del Trabajo organized a demonstration against the Moncloa Pacts.

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January 16

• 1880 – Paulette Brupbacher lives (1880-1967), Pinsk (Pelta), Russia (today in Bielorussia). A physician, militant feminist, anarchist, author of numerous books & articles. An opponent of all conformisms & partisan disciplines. Partner & collaborator of Fritz Brupacher (also a doctor) (1874-1945), friend of James Guillaume, Pytor Kropotkin, et al. Translated The Confession of the Russian anarchist Michael Bakunin.
• 1908 – France: Jean Bourguer lives. Textile worker, militant anarchist, antimilitarist, anticlérical & revolutionary syndicalist.
• 1919 – Argentina: End of « Semaine Sanglante ». ("Bloody Week") in Buenos Aires. The General Strike begun a week ago, on the 7th, is crushed in blood, with as many as 700 dead & 2000 wounded. The militant Argentinean anarchist movement is decimated by the repression which follows & trade union reformists gain control of the workers' movement.
• 1936 – Spain: Socialists / communists / anarchists form "Unidad Popular."
• 1958 – Eusebio C. Carbó (b. 1883), militant Spanish anarchist, dies.
• 1968 – The Youth International Party was founded in the USA by Abbie Hoffman and others.

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January 17

• 1885 – Japanese anarchist Sakae Osugi was born in Marugame, Japan.
• 1898 – Italy: Two day General Strike and riots in Ancône following an increase in bread prices. The army occupies the city. Errico Malatesta (publishing the newspaper L'agitazione), Luigi Fabbri and several other anarchists are charged (tried on April 21-28, 1898), with a "criminal conspiracy" against public security and property.
• 1915 – Lucy Parsons led the Chicago Hunger Demonstrations.
• 1917 – Ben Reitman was convicted of advocating birth control, and sentenced to six months in jail.
• 1920 – After being deported from the USA, Luigi Galleani restarted publishing the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva (Subversive Chronicle) in Turin, Italy.
• 1920 – The US Military ship, the S.S. Buford, nicknamed the Red Ark, landed at Hangö, Finland after leaving New York Harbor December 21, 1919. On Board were 249 "undesirables" consisting of labor activists, anarchists and radicals, including famous anarchist Emma Goldman. On January 19 the deportees are met at the Russo-Finnish border by Russian representatives and received warmly at a mass meeting of soldiers and peasants in Belo-Ostrov.
• 1947 – Eugène Lanti (true name Eugène Adam) (1879-1947), ardent Espérantist, anarchist, dies. A founding member of the French Communist Party, he left it after several disillusioning trips to the USSR. Founder of Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (SAT), dedicated to the liberation of the working class, the eradication of national boundaries, and the use of Esperanto as a means in this struggle.
• 1985 – Japan: Hashimoto Yoshiharu, 55, dies in Tokyo.

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January 18

• 1934 - A general strike in Portugal called for by the anarchist General Confederation of Labour and other organizations failed, leading to 100 dead, the deportation of about 600 others as well as the outlawing of the labour union.
• 1921 - Antonio Téllez is born in Tarragona, Spain.

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January 19

• 1808 - Lysander Spooner was born in Athol, Massachusetts.
• 1865 - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon died in France.
• 1892 - The first Cuban Regional Congress is held by Cuban anarchists.

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January 20

• 1930 - The Korean anarchist military leader Kim Chwa-chin is assassinated.
• 1983 - Five members of the Squamish Five, otherwise known as 'Direct Action', were arrested by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police near Squamish, British Columbia. A group of self-styled "urban guerrillas" active in Canada during the early 1980s.

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January 21

• 1942 – Death of Dutch anarchist Christiaan Cornelissen (pictured).

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January 22

• 1975 - The first issue of Portugal's Voz Anarquista appears.

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January 23

• 1844 - Paul Brousse, member of the Jura federation, was born in Montpellier.
• 1972 - Miguel García Vivancos, member of Los Solidarios, died in Córdoba, Spain.

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January 24

• 1890 – Antimilitarist, anarchist militant Jeanne Humbert born.
• 1911 – Japanese anarchist Shūsui Kōtoku (pictured) was hanged (along with ten others) during the High Treason Incident.
• 2002 – Sherman Austin's home is raided by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation.

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January 25

• 1950 - Australian anarchist Chummy Fleming died.

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January 26

Noam Chomsky

• 1939 - Barcelona fell to Franco in the Spanish Civil War.
• 1968 - First massive unrest at Nanterre University including an action by anarchists to ridicule police
• 1970 - Noam Chomsky's (pictured) Bertrand Russell Memorial Speech at the University of Cambridge

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January 27

Madalyn Murray O'Hair

• 2003 - Death of Roland Waters, murderer of American anarchist Madalyn Murray O'Hair
• 2004 - Release of docudrama The Diary of Sacco and Vanzetti

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January 28

Peter Kropotkin

• 1883 - Conviction of Peter Kropotkin (pictured) to five years' imprisonment
• 1932 - China: An armed conflict between Chinese and Japanese forces breaks out in Shanghai, forcing the closure of the National Labor University.
• 1995 - Death of historian of anarchism George Woodcock

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January 29

Germaine Greer

• 1911 – Mexican Revolution: The Capture of Mexicali by the Mexican Liberal Party marks the beginning of the Magonista rebellion in Baja California.
• 1927 – American anarchist and author Edward Abbey born.
• 1939 – Birth of anarchist, feminist, Germaine Greer (pictured).
• 2002 – Anarchist band Chumbawamba sold a song to General Motors, but gave money to activist causes.

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January 30

• 1826 - Birth of French anarchist Gustave Lefrançais
• 1913 - Death of English individualist anarchist Wordsworth Donisthorpe
• 1948 - Death of self-proclaimed anarchist and founder of the modern Indian state Mahatma Gandhi (pictured)

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January 31

• 1861 – Founding of the Bakuninist section of the International Workingmen's Association in Naples
• 1894 – Italian anarchist Luigi Molinari is sentenced to 23 years in jail for instigating an insurrection in Sicily.

External Links

• Further reference to these dates, people & entries see the Daily Bleed (Better Than Boiled Coffee?)
• See also Anarchist Timeline (4,500+ entries)
• Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia

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