Rosenblum is a Jewish surname of German origin, which means "rose flower". Notable people with the surname include:
- Adi Rosenblum (born 1962), Israeli artist
- Bernard Rosenblum (1927–2007), French artist
- Constance Rosenblum (born 1943), American writer
- Ellen Rosenblum (born 1951), American politician
- Herzl Rosenblum (1903–1991), Israeli journalist and politician
- Irit Rosenblum (born 1958), Israeli lawyer and political activist
- John Frank Rosenblum (born 1970), American filmmaker
- Jonathan Rosenblum (born 1951), American rabbi and journalist
- Joshua Rosenblum (born 1963), American musician
- Lawrence J. Rosenblum (born 1949), American mathematician
- Mary Rosenblum (1952-2018), American writer
- Mathew Rosenblum (born 1954), American composer
- Mendel Rosenblum (born 1962), American computer scientist
- Michael Rosenblum (born 1954), American journalist
- Mort Rosenblum (born 1944), American journalist
- Nina Rosenblum (born 1950), American filmmaker
- Pnina Rosenblum (born 1954), Israeli actress, fashion model, businesswoman and politician
- Ralph Rosenblum (1925–1995), American film editor
- Rebecca Rosenblum (born 1978), Canadian writer
- Robert Rosenblum (1927–2006), American art historian and curator
- Steven Rosenblum (born 1954), American film editor
- Salomon Rosenblum (1896–1959), Polish nuclear physicist
- Walter Rosenblum (1919–2006), American photographer
- Yair Rosenblum (1944–1996), Israeli composer and musician