50°22′33″N 18°19′08″E / 50.375816°N 18.319007°E
Schloss Slawentzitz (Polish: Pałac Sławięcice) was a stately home in Sławięcice (part of Kędzierzyn-Koźle), in the historic Silesia (Upper Silesia) region in Poland. It served as the main residence of the princes of Hohenlohe-Öhringen, a branche of the House of Hohenlohe. It was heavily damaged in the Second World War and has subsequently been demolished. Only a portico remains.
History
editFlemming and Hoym families
editIn the 15th century, the first castle was built in Sławięcice, owned by the dukes of Opole and later the Bohemian crown. In the 17th century, the castle was owned by various families: Bohussin von Zwolle und Güldenstein, who purchased it from emperor Rudolf II in 1600,[1][2] and later the barons of Sießwohl.[1] In 1678, Countess Henkel came into possession of the estate, who was succeeded by counts Carl Maximillian and Leo Ferdinand Henkel.[1] Subsequently, in 1702, their heirs sold the castle to the Saxon General and minister count Heinrich Jakob von Flemming.[2] He erected several iron smelters in Sławięcice and neighbouring towns. At these times, these were the most modern iron and steel works in Upper Silesia. In 1714, Von Flemming exchanged the estate with Adolph Magnus, baron of Hoym.[2] Between 1716 and 1720, Hoym constructed a garden palace on the opposite of the Klodnica river, inspired by Versailles, but it soon burned down.[2] Also, he further expanded the steel factories.
Hohenlohe-Öhringen family
editIn 1782, the Prussian general Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1746-1818) married countess Amalie von Hoym, receiving the Hoym estates in Oppurg, Thuringia, and Sławięcice.[2][3] The prince fought in the Napoleonic Wars and after losing the Battle of Jena to Napoleon on 14 October 1806, he retired to Sławięcice, spending here his last years in a self-imposed exile. After his death, a monumental tomb made of cast iron with the Hohenlohe family's motto was built in the park.[2] His son, August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen (1784-1853) rebuilt the palace in 1827, when the old mansion burned down after being hit by a lightning strike.
In the 19th century, the Hohenlohe family became large scale industrialists in Upper Silesia and belonged to the richest citizens of Germany [4] Their zinc smelting works belonged to the largest in the world.[3] They made the Sławięcice palace not only their main seat, but also the centre of their business empire.[3][2] The son of August, Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen (1816-1897) received the title of Duke of Ujest at the coronation of William I as King of Prussia in 1861.[2] The duke was a hereditary member of the upper houses of Württemberg and Prussia.[5]
In 1897, prince Christian Kraft (1848-1926) succeeded his father as owner of the Sławięcice palace. During his time, the mansion received visitors like tsar Nicholas II of Russia and emperor William II.[6] The last Hohenlohe to own the palace was Johann "Hans", Prince of Hohenlohe-Oehringen (1858–1945).
During the Second World War, the Hohenlohe family fled first to their summer palace in Oppurg[4] and later to Neuenstein in Hohenlohe. Since then, Schloss Neuenstein has remained the main residence of the princes up to this day. Schloss Slawentzitz with its park and greenhouses were severely damaged in the fights with the Red Army in January 1945. The ruins burnt down completely in 1948, but in the 1950s youth camps were still organized in its interiors. The palace was finally demolished in the 1970s.[7] Only an entrance portico remains.
Gleiwitz incident
editThe Gleiwitz incident was a false flag attack on the radio station Sender Gleiwitz in Gleiwitz (then Germany and now Gliwice, Poland) staged by Nazi Germany on the night of 31 August 1939. Along with some two dozen similar incidents, the attack was manufactured by Germany as a casus belli to justify the invasion of Poland. Despite the German government using the attack as a justification to go to war with Poland, the Gleiwitz assailants were not Polish but were German SS officers wearing Polish uniforms. The planning and preparations for this operation were carried out from the Sławięcice palace.[6][7]
Architecture
editThe old castle was a massive square building with a single roof and was surrounded by a moat.[2] After a lightning strike, the old castle burned down in 1827.[2] A new three-storey mansion was built on the same site in 1830,[3] with side wings added between 1867 and 1868.[3] The mansion had around 45 rooms including a large ballroom.[6]
Gardens
editPrince Frederick Louis of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen created an English landscape park around the palace. It is one of the four largest gardens in the Opole region.[7]
Today
editNothing remains of the main building itself, except the entrance portico. The landscape park is still there containing the ruins of a mausoleum, a gardener's home, and a baroque garden pavilion built by Adolf Magnus von Hoym between 1716 and 1720.
References
edit- ^ a b c Helmut Sieber (1961). Schlösser und Herrensitze in Schlesien - Nach alten Stichen. Frankfurt am Main: Wolfgang Weidlich Verlag. p. 101. ISBN 3572092752.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Alexander Duncker (1866–1867). Die ländlichen Wohnsitze, Schlösser und Residenzen der ritterschaftlichen Grundbesitzer in der preussischen Monarchie - Neunter Band. Berlin: Verlag Alexander Duncker. p. 57.
- ^ a b c d e Josef von Golitschek (1988). Schlesien, Land der Schlösser: 286 Schlösser in 408 Meisterfotos - Band II Das Erbe der Ahnen Moschen bis Zyrowa). München: Orbis Verlag. p. 168. ISBN 3572092752.
- ^ a b Matthias Stolla (6 February 2006). "Der reichste Mann nach dem Kaiser (The richest man after the emperor)". Stimme.de. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 564.
- ^ a b c "Pałac w Sławięcicach i jego wojenna historia. Miał 45 pokoi i wielką salę balową. Co się z nim stało?' (The palace in Sławięcice and its wartime history. It had 45 rooms and a large ballroom. What has happened to it?)". kedzierzynkozle.naszemiasto.pl. 1 September 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
- ^ a b c "Pałac w Sławięcicach. Jak rozpętałem drugą wojnę światową (How the Sławięcice palace started the Second World War)". www.drogajestcelem.com. 10 July 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
Literature
edit- Alexander Duncker (1866–1867). Die ländlichen Wohnsitze, Schlösser und Residenzen der ritterschaftlichen Grundbesitzer in der preussischen Monarchie - Neunter Band. Berlin: Verlag Alexander Duncker. pp. 55–58.
- Helmut Sieber (1961). 'Schlösser und Herrensitze in Schlesien - Nach alten Stichen. Frankfurt am Main: Wolfgang Weidlich Verlag. p. 101.
- Helmut Sieber (1971). 'Schlösser in Schlesien. Frankfurt am Main: Weidlich. pp. 137–138.
- Josef von Golitschek (1988). Schlesien, Land der Schlösser: 286 Schlösser in 408 Meisterfotos - Band II Das Erbe der Ahnen Moschen bis Zyrowa). München: Orbis Verlag. pp. 168–169. ISBN 3572092752.
- Bernhard Muschol (1993). Die Herrschaft Slawentzitz/Ehrenforst in Oberschlesien: Piastisches Kammergut im Spätmittelalter, sächsischer Adelsbesitz und Hohenlohesche Residenz in der Neuzeit. Sigmaringen: J. Thorbecke Verlag. ISBN 978-3799565134.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ujest". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 564.
External links
edit
- "Był wspaniały zanim go zburzyli. Powstał komputerowy model pałacu w Sławięcicach (It was great before they tore it down: A 3D computer model of the Sławięcice palace was created)". www.kk24pl.com. 12 July 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2023.