SS The Emerald was a cruise ship owned by Louis Cruise Lines (now Celestyal Cruises). She was built in 1958 by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock company in Newport News, Virginia, United States, for the Grace Line, as the ocean liner Santa Rosa. Between 1992 and 1995, she sailed for Regency Cruises as Regent Rainbow and between 1997 and 2008, she sailed for Thomson Cruises (now Marella Cruises) as The Emerald. Before retiring in 2009, she was the last passenger ship built at a U.S. shipyard that was still in active service.[8]
 The Emerald in 2008
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name |
|
| Owner |
|
| Operator |
|
| Port of registry | |
| Builder | Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock[2] |
| Cost | US $25 million |
| Yard number | 521[3] |
| Laid down | January 15, 1957[4] |
| Launched | August 28, 1957 |
| Completed | June 19, 1958 |
| Maiden voyage | June 28, 1958 |
| Out of service | 2009 |
| Identification |
|
| Fate | Scrapped in 2012 |
| General characteristics (as built) | |
| Type | Ocean liner |
| Tonnage | 15,371 GRT[5] |
| Length | 177.88 m (584 ft)[6] |
| Beam | 25.6 m (84 ft 0 in) |
| Speed | 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) |
| Capacity | 546 passengers |
| General characteristics (1991 onwards) | |
| Type | Cruise ship |
| Tonnage | |
| Capacity | 1,198 passengers |
| Crew | 412 |
Design and construction
editIn 1956, the Grace Line ordered two new ships to replace the aging 1932-built sisters, Santa Rosa and Santa Paula. Gibbs & Cox had designed the older two ships and would now design their successors. These modern ocean liners were built by Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock, Newport News, Virginia, USA and were among the last passenger ocean liners built entirely in the U.S.[9] There was full air conditioning for passengers, and the first ships in America to be equipped with Gyrofin stabilizers.[10]
The interior was fireproofed with aluminum, and designed by Dorothy Marckwald & Anne Urquhart, the same designers that did the interiors for the SS America and SS United States. Accommodations were spacious with all cabins facing outside, and every cabin had its own bathroom. The Santa Rosa's had two aft cargo holds had side doors and automatic conveyors to quickly move pallets on and off the ship, thus giving her a rapid turn-around at port.[11] Santa Rosa was launched on August 28, 1957 and delivered on June 12, 1958.[5]
Career
edit1958–1971: Santa Rosa
edit.jpg)
The new Santa Rosa and Santa Paula entered service on the New York to South America and the Caribbean for Grace Line. The Santa Rosa made its maiden voyage on Oct. 10, 1958, when it became the largest ship ever to make the voyage up the Hudson River to Albany, N.Y.[9] She also became the first major passenger liner to make her maiden appearance in New York harbor from the north.
Collision with SS Valchem
editIn the early morning hours of March 26, 1959, Santa Rosa was returning to New York in heavy fog. She was 22 miles east of Atlantic City, N.J., when she collided with the tanker SS Valchem.[12] No one was injured on the liner but four crewmen on the tanker were killed and 16 were injured. Santa Rosa’s bow punched a cavity extending halfway into the tanker and caused flooding of the lower engine room with resultant loss of power. Two boilers were also demolished.[13] The funnel of the Valchem and adjacent vents were scooped off the tanker and carried onto Santa Rosa’s bow.[14] Santa Rosa sustained heavy damage but was repaired and returned to service.
1971–1992: inactivity and modernisation
editIn 1970, the Grace Line merged with Prudential Lines to become Prudential-Grace Line. Santa Rosa sailed for another year but in 1971, passenger operations ceased and both she and the Santa Paula were laid up at Hampton Roads in Virginia and put up for sale.[11] In 1975, Santa Rosa was obtained by the U.S. Department of Commerce and in 1976, she was sold to Vintero Corp. of New York City and renamed Samos Sky.[5] She was intended to operate South American service once again, but this venture failed and she remained idle.[5] In 1989, she was sold to Coral Cruise Lines, part of the Lelakis Group, and towed to Greece that December. In March 1990, Samos Sky arrived in Chalkis, Greece and was renamed Pacific Sun and then, later that year, Diamond Island.[5][15] At the cost of $70 million, she was converted into a cruise ship; her superstructure was expanded, whilst her hull remained largely unaltered and she retained her original steam turbine engines, which were renovated with parts from the former Santa Paula.[5][16] The work was finished in 1991.[5]
1992–2009: Regent Rainbow and The Emerald
edit
The modernised ship entered service under Regency Cruises as the popular Regent Rainbow in 1992,[15] until Regency Cruises suffered extensive losses and was declared bankrupt in 1995. Regent Rainbow was placed under arrest that November.[6] In December 1996, Regent Rainbow was sold to Louis Cruise Lines and renamed The Emerald.[15] In 1997, she was chartered to Thomson Cruises to operate cruises for the British market.[6] During her time with Thomson she became the company's most popular ship,[17] and remained in service with them until October 2008, when she was dropped in favor of a larger, more modern and economical vessel.[18] Hereafter, she saw limited further service for Louis until 2009, when the company announced that she was being laid up and most likely would not sail again.[19]
Retirement
edit
Following the departure of The Emerald from their service, Louis looked for other owners who would operate her for further use, since she met SOLAS 2010 regulations, but she remained laid up at Eleusis, Greece. In 2011, she was inspected by scrappers[16] and in July 2012, she departed Greece for the scrapyard at Alang, India.[20] She was scrapped under the shortened name Emerald.[15]
References
edit- ^ ABS Record Eagle
- ^ "Ships Built By Newport News Shipbuilding" (PDF). Huntington-Ingalls. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ "Newport News Shipbuilding". www.ShipbuildingHistory.com. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
- ^ Falco, Nicholas. "Inventory to the Records of W. R. Grace" (PDF). SUNY Maritime College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2006. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g "SS Santa Rosa and Santa Paula". SS Maritime. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
- ^ a b c "T/S SANTA ROSA".
- ^ "The Emerald (5312824)". Equasis. Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
- ^ Colton, Tim. "Passenger Liners Built in U.S. Shipyards". Maritime Business Strategies, LLC. Archived from the original on 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ a b Erickson, Mark St John. "The shipyard's last passenger ship". dailypress.com. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
- ^ "Santa Rosa-Santa Paula". ssmaritime.com. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
- ^ a b "Santa Rosa (1958) - History". Retrieved 15 October 2012.
- ^ "Merchant and Navy Ship events 1946 – 2000". Rolf Skiöld / MAREUD.com. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- ^ Hawley, W. P.; W. Stockman, A. S. Frevola (4 November 1959). SS SANTA ROSA, SS VALCHEM: Collision off the coast of New Jersey with loss of life (Technical report). US Coast Guard. Commandant's Action 26 March 1959.
{{cite tech report}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "Auke Visser's Famous T - Tankers Pages". Auke Visser's Historical Tankers Site. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d "THE EMERALD - IMO 5312824". ShipSpotting. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
- ^ a b Knego, Peter (22 September 2011). "THE EMERALD Of Eleusis And Piraeus To Petrola-ing". Maritime Matters. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ^ Thomson Cruises brochures, c. 2000s
- ^ "Thomson Cruises to drop Emerald ship from 2009". TravelWeekly. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
- ^ "Brokeback PLATINUM". Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
- ^ "EMERALD (ex SANTA ROSA, DIAMOND ISLAND, REGENT RAINBOW, THE EMERALD) - 4 August 2012". MidShipCentury. Peter Knego. Retrieved 4 December 2012.