Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani (Persian: لطفالله صافی گلپایگانی; 20 February 1919 – 1 February 2022) was an Iranian Grand Ayatollah. He was at one point the most senior Twelver Shia scholar (Marja') in Iran until his death. He resided in Qom and taught Islam in the Qom Seminary.[1]
Grand Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani | |
|---|---|
| آیت الله العظمیٰ شیخ لطفالله صافی گلپایگانی | |
 Lotfollah Golpaygani | |
| Secretary of the Guardian Council | |
| In office 17 December 1980 – 17 July 1988 | |
| Appointed by | Ruhollah Khomeini |
| Preceded by | Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Mohammad Mohammadi Gilani |
| Member of the Assembly of Experts for Constitution | |
| In office 15 August 1979 – 15 November 1979 | |
| Constituency | Markazi Province |
| Majority | 256,115 (60.7%) |
Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani | |
| Title | Grand Ayatollah |
| Personal | |
| Born | 20 February 1919 |
| Died | 1 February 2022 (aged 102) |
| Religion | Islam |
| Nationality | Iranian |
| Parent |
|
| Jurisprudence | Twelver Shia Islam |
| Alma mater | Qom Hawza |
| Teachers | Hossein Borujerdi Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari Sadr al-Din al-Sadr |
| Relatives | Ali Safi Golpaygani brother Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani father-in-law Ali Karimi Jahromi son-in-law |
| Website | saafi |
Personal life and education
editLotfollah was born in Golpayegan on 20 February 1919 into a religious family. His father, Mohammad Javad Safi Golpaygani, was a high ranking Shia scholar (Marja'). His mother, known as Fatemeh Khanom, was the daughter of a Mujtahid called Akhund Mohammad Ali. His brother, Ali Safi Golpaygani was also a high ranking Shia scholar. He is also the son-in-law of Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani, and father-in-law of Ayatollah Ali Karimi Jahromi.[2][3]
While a child in Golpayegan, he was first introduced to basic books in Arabic literature Jalil al-Qadr, and Mullah Abu al-Qasim known as "Qutb". He continued his Islamic Studies with his father in Golpeygan, while there his father taught him Islamic Theology (Aqidah), Interpretation of the Quran (Tafsir), Hadith, Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Usool Fiqh), as well as several other subjects. At the age of 22 in 1941, he left Golpeyegan and settled in Qom to further his Islamic Studies in the Qom Seminary. After spending a few years there, he visited Najaf to attend the Hawza Najaf for approximately 1 year, then returned to Qom to partake in advanced Islamic Studies (Darse Kharej). He would spend the next 15 years there learning and attending lessons under many high ranking Shia scholars, as well as debating Islamic Mysticism.[4][2]
Teachers
editLotfollah Safi Golpaygani's teachers and tutors included Hossein Borujerdi, Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari, Sadr al-Din al-Sadr, and Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani. [4][5]
Political activities
editBefore the 1979 Iranian revolution, Lotfollah was a critic of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. SAVAK had banned some of his works in Iran as a response to this.[6] After the revolution, he was elected by the Markazi province to represent them in the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution. Ruhollah Khomeini also appointed him to be the secretary in the Guardian Council.[7][8]
Works
editThroughout his life, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani published over 100 works in both Persian and Arabic. Here are some of them.[9][10][11]
- al-Taazil: Anvah va Molhaghate (Taazil: its types and its accessories) - Winner of Iran's Book of the Year Awards
- The Way of Reforming or Enjoining in Good, and Forbidding Evil
- Hajj Travelogue
- Hajj
- Prayers in Arafat
- An Attitude Towards Mysticism and Philosophy
- A Ray of Greatness of Imam Hussein (as) - Winner of Provincial Book of the Year in Iran
- Diwan (poetry)
- Weeping for Imam Hussein
- Aware Martyr
- Ramadan in the History of Historical Events
- Theology in Nahj al-Balagha
- The Call for Islam in Europe
- Events Around the Day of Ghadir
- Judgment Between Sheikh Saduq and Sheikh Mofid
- Biography of Mullah Mohammad Javad Safi
- Oqat Salawat
- A Detailed Introduction of 'Muqtadab al-Athar', 'Makial al-Makarem', and 'Muntaqi al-Jaman'
- Comments on the Treatise of al-Jabr and al-Qadr
- A treatise against Philosophy and Mysticism (nigrashi bar falsafa o irfan)
Views
editCriticism of Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism
editSafi Golpaygani was a critic of Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism. In one of his essays, he wrote:[12]
"Since the time of Al-Ma’mun (d. 833 CE), when the philosophy of the Greeks got introduced to the Muslims, the holy texts of Islam and the fundamentals of religion became targets for the interpretations of philosophers. . . They interpreted the relationship between the accident and the eternal as the connection of the effect to the cause, not as the relation of creation with the Creator, and these themes are clearly different. . . The causes can come in sequence, like the first cause followed by the second, etc, but the Creator can’t be labelled as first, followed by a second creator, and so on. . . We do not make any hasty generalization in judging specific individuals as belonging to the first category or the second, and we hope that most of the Muslim philosophers belong to the second group. As for their reckoning, it is up to God Almighty."
Commenting on Mysticism, he said:[12]
"Among those who misinterpreted the holy text and moulded its meaning according to their whims and fantasies, the most deviant ones, harmful and unbecoming of them are the Mystics and the Sufis. . . The most dangerous among these to themselves and to others are those who have produced a blend of the so-called gnosis and the Greek philosophy, thus adding fuel to the fire."
He wrote a book, nigrashi bar falsafa o irfan, on this topic too. He was also a critic of Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli. In a speech with Ahmad Mojtahedi Tehrani, he spoke against a poem of Rumi, and Hassan Amoli and said they are "against us".[13] He is among several high ranking Shia scholars who reject Islamic Mysticism and claims it to be nothing but dreamy and artificial, and that the pursuit of such things is a waste of life.[14][15]
Reducing poverty in Iran
editSafi Golpaygani often spoke out against poverty in Iran. He claimed that a just Islamic System should eradicate poverty. In an interview with Tasnim News Agency, he highlighted that the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee should focus on reducing poverty and social problems in Iran.[16]
Any society in which the people and their officials show an interest in caring for the weak and the poor has a real life. The sign of a living Islamic society is that its people care about the deprived and the poor. Unfortunately, there are shortcomings in the society that make people sad. It is really unfortunate to see that in the Islamic society, we see unemployed youth and another group who are addicts, and in this situation, the duty of those who are able to help is very heavy, and these individuals and organisations must enter the field of aid with serious effort and know that if they fail, they are really responsible to God
— Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, Interview with Tasnim, Interview with Tasnim (in Persian)
Calling for Iran to establish good relations with all countries around the World
editOn 21 October 2021, Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf met with Safi Golpaygani. Lotfollah emphasised the need for Iran to establish good relations with all nations around the world. He was very concerned about the economic situation, and the problems the people are facing.[17][18]
We should have relations with all countries of the world with dignity and authority. It is not right to be angry with many countries and it is to the detriment of our dear people. You must realise the rights of the nation with rationality and a constructive interaction … I am very worried about the economic situation and the problems of the people, the noble people of our country do not deserve this situation. The prices have become exhausting for the people and it has become very difficult for our dear people to bear it
— Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, Meeting with Ghalibaf, Ayatollah Safi and Ghalibaf, BBC Farsi (in Persian)
After this, he received criticism from several outlets, most notably from Hossein Shariatmadari with Kayhan newspaper.[19]
Condemnation of the Taliban
editAfter the Taliban took control of Afghanistan in August 2021, there was a fear among the Shia of Afghanistan as to what would happen to them due to their Persecution in Afghanistan under the Taliban.[20] Safi Golpaygani issued a message for the World to help the people of Afghanistan.[21]
I beseech the independent and freedom-seeking nations of the world to ensure that this inhuman group is not able to continue their horrendous atrocities, and I request all those people whose human conscience is awake, especially the brothers and sisters in faith, to help the oppressed and plundered people of Afghanistan as much as possible, and hastily stand in support of the homeless and shelter-less people, thus fulfilling their human and religious responsibility.
— Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, Message to the for the independent and freedom-seeking nation of the world, https://www.saafi.com/en/news/8502
The Shahin Najafi affair
editWhen Shahin Najafi released a song called "Naghi", he angered many Shia Muslims in Iran, and around the world. In the song, Shahin was accused of insulting the 10th Imam of The Twelve Imams, Ali al-Hadi. He also depicted the Imam Reza Shrine (shrine of 8th Imam, Ali al-Ridha) in a sexual manner representing a woman's breast, alongside a rainbow flag. Two weeks prior to the release of his song, a Fatwa was issued by Safi Golpaygani claiming those who insult the Imams should be issued a death penalty. It was after the release of his song that this Fatwa was then issued for Shahin Najafi.[22]
Death
editIn the early hours of Tuesday, 1 February 2022, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani died in a hospital in Qom due to a cardiac arrest at the age of 102.[23] His death was mourned by many Shias around the World, figures such as Ali Khamenei,[24] Ali al-Sistani[25] and Hossein Wahid Khorasani[26] sent a message of condolence on his death. His funeral took place on 2 February in Qom, many attended his funeral. His son-in-law Ali Karimi Jahromi led his funeral prayers.[27]
His body was transferred to Karbala and was buried in the Imam Husayn Shrine on 3 February as per his will.[28]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "آیت الله لطفالله صافی گلپایگانی - Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani". qurantv.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ a b "در مورد آیت الله صافی گلپایگانی در ویکی تابناک بیشتر بخوانید". tabnak.ir. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "بیوگرافی آیت الله لطف الله صافی گلپایگانی و همسر و فرزندانش + عکس درگذشت و آثار". مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه (in Persian). 1 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ a b "زندگي نامه | پايگاه اطلاع رساني دفتر حضرت آيت الله العظمي صافي گلپايگاني". 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ YJC, خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران | آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان | (1 February 2022). "نگاهی به زندگینامه آیت الله صافی گلپایگانی(ره)". yjc.news (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Biography of Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani". Jamaran.news (in Persian). 1 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "فقهاي شوراي نگهبان - دوره اول, سه ساله اول". 23 June 2009. Archived from the original on 23 June 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ سیما, IRIB NEWS AGENCY | خبرگزاری صدا و (1 February 2022). "زندگی نامه یارامام و رهبری؛ آیت الله صافی گلپایگانی + فیلم". iribnews.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ Golpaygani, Lotfollah Safi. "List of Books of Ayatollah Safi Golpaygani". saafi.com (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "فهرست كتاب هاي پديدآور: لطفالله صافيگلپايگاني |خانه كتاب |ketab.ir| - List of Books of Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani part 1". 8 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "فهرست كتاب هاي پديدآور: لطفالله صافيگلپايگاني |خانه كتاب |ketab.ir| - List of Books of Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani part 2". 8 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ a b "The seduction of philosophers and mystics - Grand Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpayegani". Exploring Ibn Arabi, Mysticism and Sufism. 1 July 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ "کلیپ:بهترین واژه ای که می توان برای فلاسفه وعرفای شیعه استفاده کرد! - پایگاه خبری تحلیلی برهان". 8 August 2013. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "The question of mystic revelation and spiritual schedules - Grand Ayatullah Safi Golpayegani". Exploring Ibn Arabi, Mysticism and Sufism. 18 July 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
- ^ "مکاشفه حقیقی کدام است و چه کسانی اهل مکاشفه هستند؟". ایسنا (in Persian). 25 January 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "آیت الله صافی گلپایگانی: کمیته امداد امام خمینی(ره) بر کاهش فقر و معضلات اجتماعی متمرکز شود- اخبار استانها تسنیم | Tasnim". خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "روزگار فقیهان در جمهوری اسلامی؛ آیتالله صافی و چشم اسفندیار حکومت". BBC News فارسی (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "آیتالله صافی: با همه دنیا رابطه برقرارکنید". روزنامه دنیای اقتصاد (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "شریعتمداری: اظهارنظر آیت الله صافی درباره روابط خارجی چندان دقیق نبود/ شرق: حمله جبهه پایداری به آیتالله صافی وارد فاز جدیدی شده است". خبرگزاری موج (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Afghanistan: Taliban unlawfully killed 13 ethnic Hazara people, Amnesty says". BBC News. 5 October 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ Golpaygani, Lotfollah Safi (9 October 2021). "Message to the People of Afghanistan and the World". saafi.com. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "شاهین نجفی: قصد توهین به امامان شیعه را نداشتهام". BBC News فارسی (in Persian). 10 May 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "آیت الله صافی گلپایگانی دارفانی را وداع گفت". ABNA 24. 1 February 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
- ^ Khamenei, Ali (1 February 2022). "Message of Condolence to Ayatollah Safi Golpaygani". khamenei.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "بیانیه معظّم له به مناسبت ارتحال حضرت آیة الله صافی گلپایگانی (قدس سره) - پیام های صادره - پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دفتر مرجع عالیقدر آقای سید علی حسینی سیستانی". sistani.org. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "تسلیت آیت الله العظمی وحید خراسانی در پی ارتحال آیت الله العظمی صافی(ره) | خبرگزاری فارس". farsnews.ir. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ YJC, خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران | آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان | (2 February 2022). "تشییع پیکر آیت الله صافی گلپایگانی در قم". yjc.news (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ mjalali (2 February 2022). "اطلاعیه دفتر حضرت آیتالله العظمی صافی گلپایگانی درباره تشييع عراق". saafi.com (in Persian). Retrieved 3 February 2022.