Surayya Tyabji (1919–1978) was an Indian artist who assisted in creating the current Indian national flag by adding the Ashoka Chakra from the Lion Capital of Ashoka, replacing the Charkha on the 1931 flag of the Indian National Congress.[1]
Surayya Tyabji | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1919 |
| Died | 1978 Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Known for | Contributing to the design of the Indian national flag |
| Spouse | Badruddin Tyabji |
| Children | Laila Tyabji |
| Family | see Tyabji family |
Work
edit
The Swaraj flag, officially adopted by the Indian National Congress in 1931
Historian Trevor Royle wrote in his book The Last Days of the Raj that Badruddin Tyabji designed the final form of the current Indian national flag. Surayya Tyabji made the first copy that flew on Jawahar Lal Nehru's car on the night of independence:
By one of those contradictions which run through Indian's history, the national flag was designed by a Muslim, Badr-ud-Din Tyabji. Originally the Flag was to have contained the Charka symbol used by Gandhi. but this was a party symbol, which Tyabji thought might strike the wrong note. After much persuasion Gandhi agreed to the verse because the Emperor Asoka was venerated by Hindu and Muslim alike. The flag which flew on Nehru's car that night had been specially made by Tyabji's wife."[2]
She also served as the member of various committees under the Constituent Assembly.[3]
Surayya Tyabji's daughter, social worker, designer and activist Laila Tyabji wrote in 2018 that both her mother and her father were involved in the design of the flag, having been commissioned by Nehru to do so,[4][5] as a development of a design by the soldier, scientist and lecturer Pingali Venkayya.[6]
Family and ancestry
editShe belonged to the Tyabji clan.[7] She was the niece of Sir Akbar Hydari, who served as the Prime Minister of Hyderabad from 1937 to 1941, and granddaughter of Lady Amina Hydari, who championed the cause of Muslim women's education in Hyderabad.[6] She was married to Badruddin Tyabji, a civil servant and later the Vice Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University.[8][9]
References
edit- ^ Dawar, Nikhil; Kundu, Chayan (14 September 2018). "Fact Check: Did a Muslim woman design Indian National Flag?". India Today.
- ^ Royle, Trevor (1989). The Last Days of the Raj. p. 172. ISBN 9780718129040.
- ^ Sourav, Suman (9 December 2018). "Surayya Tyabji: The Woman Who Designed Indian's National Flag'". Feminism in India.
- ^ Tyabji, Laila (14 August 2018). "How the Tricolour and Lion Emblem Really Came to Be". The Wire.
- ^ "Who designed the National Flag: Gandhi's friend or Nehru's follower?". Firstpost. 9 August 2022.
- ^ a b Tyabji, Laila. "Growing Up in a Muslim Family That Didn't Fit Any Stereotypes". The Wire. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ Karlitzky, Maren (2004). "Continuity and Change in the Relationship Between Congress and the Muslim Elite: A Case Study of the Tyabji Family". Oriente Moderno. 23 (84): 161–175. doi:10.1163/22138617-08401011. JSTOR 25817923.
- ^ Saxena, Akanksha (3 April 2022). "Overlooked Personalities: How Surayya Tyabji Finalised The Design Of Indian National Flag". The Logical Indian. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "Pingali Venkayya designed the tricolour but one woman also contributed: Who is Surayya Tyabji". Times Now News. 13 August 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.