T. V. Sambasivam Pillai

Tanjore Vilviah Sambasivam Pillai was a South Indian Tamil scholar in Siddha medicine, a traditional medicine which originated in India. He is known for his Tamil – English Dictionary of Medicine, Chemistry, Botany and Allied Sciences. This is considered as one of the major works on Siddha medicine despite the author not having any formal education in medicine.

T. V. Sambasivam Pillai
Commemorative stamp issued in memory of T. V. Sambasivam Pillai
Born	(1880-09-19)September 19, 1880
Died	November 12, 1953(1953-11-12) (aged 73) Bangaluru
Nationality	Indian
Occupation	Siddha Medicine Scholar
Notable work	Cyclopaedic Dictionary of Siddha Medicine

Biography

Pillai was born on 19 September 1880 in Bangalore. He was the eldest son of his father Vilviah Manniar and his mother Manonmani Ammal. He belonged to a family native to Kamuganchenthangudi village near Tanjore, which later migrated to Bangalore. Due to an epidemic outbreak of plague, his family shifted to their native village but Pillai stayed in Bangalore to continue his education. After schooling, he was appointed as a clerk in the Madras City Police Commissioner’s office. He married Duraikannu Ammal in 1903. They had five sons however all of them died of various reasons. In 1914, his wife died due to cholera. In 1916, he married again to Ammani Ammal but she died at a childbirth that year. Following depression and to overcome the same, he dedicated himself to study of Siddha medicine. He did not have any formal training or education in medicine. While studying Siddha, he realised that there was no authentic work on the subject in English. So he wrote Tamil – English Dictionary of Medicine, Chemistry, Botany and Allied Sciences, which is considered as one of the major work on Siddha medicine. He died on 12 November 1953.

Recognition

In recognition to his work, the Government of Tamil Nadu sanctioned Rs. 5000 in 1949 as a financial assistance for his research and provided an accommodation at Triplicane, Chennai. He was also awarded Rs. 5000 each by the University of Madras and Mysore University in recognition of his work. On 30 August 2019, the Government of India issued a commemorative stamp of Rs. 5 in the series of Masters of AYUSH recognizing services of twelve modern masters of Indian systems of medicine.

Works

Pillai spent nearly 16 years collecting material for the Tamil-English Dictionary of Medicine, Chemistry, Botany, and Allied Sciences. He spent his salary, land, and other assets to collect. In 1938, he compiled and published two volumes of his work at his own expense. He could only publish the third volume partially. The remaining part was published with partial help from the Government of Tamil Nadu. The fourth and fifth volumes were published in 1977 and 1978, respectively, by G. D. Naidu and his son G. D. N. Gopal.

The work provides information about plants, minerals, metals, and animals used in the Siddha medicine. The work consists of five volumes spanning 6,537 pages. It contains nearly 80,000 words explained in detail. The work provides synonyms for Tamil words in Latin/English. It also describes and explains any given word with appropriate annotations where required.

It was renamed The Greatness of Siddha Medicine and was published at the Second World Tamil Conference held in Chennai in 1968.

Tamil – English Dictionary of Medicine, Chemistry, Botany and Allied Sciences

Volumes	Part	Publisher/year	Pages	Description
I	I	Research Institute of Siddhars Science/1938.	880	It covers Tamil letters A, Aa, I (3 letters). 240 pages are occupied by Forward which research material under covers 27 headings. It covers topic such as macrocosm vs. microcosm, astrology in medicine, eastern physiology, the five elements, humoral pathology, science of breath, Prana, science of pulse, diseases and their cure, ancient chemistry, alchemy, rejuvenation, immortality and the ethics of a good physician etc.
I	II	Research Institute of Siddhars Science/1938.	862	It covers Tamil letters i, ee, u, oo, e, ae, i, o, oa, ou (10 letters).
II	I	Research Institute of Siddhars Science/1938.	800	It covers Tamil letters Ka, Kaa (2 letters). This volume consists dictionary content of Tamil alphabets from ‘Ka’ to ‘Kow’ under 774 pages.
II	II	Research Institute of Siddhars Science/1938.	536	It covers Tamil letters Ki to Kou (10 letters). This volume consists dictionary content of Tamil alphabets from ‘Ka’ to ‘Kow’ under 774 pages.
III	-	The Directorate of Indian Medicine/1977	472	Sa, saa, si (3 letters). This volume consists dictionary content of Tamil alphabets from ‘Cha’ to ‘Chi’. under 774 pages.
IV	I	The Directorate of Indian Medicine/1977	1020	Si-sow, nja series, da series to tha, thaa (36 letters). This volume consists dictionary content of Tamil alphabet Si to Now. It is published posthumously.
IV	II	The Directorate of Indian Medicine/1978	980	Thi-thow – Nha series (22 letters). This volume consists dictionary content of Tamil alphabet Si to Now. It is published posthumously.
V	-	The Directorate of Indian Medicine/1978	1292	Pa series to Nau series (120 letters). This volume consists dictionary content of Tamil alphabet Pa to Jo.

The work used as the reference work for the B.S.M.S., M.D (Siddha) and Ph. D. studies as well as the reference work for literature research scholars.