Talk:Generalized anxiety disorder

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Risk Factors – Gender

The section consists of:

Women are twice as likely to develop GAD as men. This is primarily because women are more likely than men to live in poverty, be subject to discrimination, and be sexually and physically abused.[30]

The first sentence also appears without reference in the "Prevalence" section. My copy of Schacter, Gilbert, & Wegner (2014) is admittedly the Third Edition. GAD is addressed in pages 596–597. The female:male rates stated were 8%:5%, a 2005 compared to 2012 study respectively. In science and science writing, when we are capable of providing exact ratios, we do. It is misleading to do otherwise.

The use of "because" in the second sentence makes it a causally conclusory statement. There is nothing in the Third Edition that remotely supports that. If it existed in the Second Edition, it seems that the publisher/authors found reason to remove it. One such would be the basis was faulty. However, I would like to see the Second Edition; does anyone have this to check?

Looking at the cited pages however lead to something interesting. One must consider that editions often move sections around, so pagination changes. However, on page 559 there is a redirect to a "Hot Box" (the text's version of an inset highlighted consideration, p. 552). Within that the closest support for the second sentence might have come from Penner, et. al. (2010). My reading found absolutely no conclusion of causality. The authors follow the best practice of calling a suspected correlation only that.

I ran short of time to examine the balance of the material entered/altered by Sophie Ullrich in that one edit (dated 19 Dec 18). The "Oppression" section immediately following "Gender" also has an unreferenced sentence. These seem thematic. When I find the time I'll look at both these and some of Sophie Ullrich's other contributions for the possibility of a pattern. I certainly hope this is not the case and out of respectful caution will reserve making any changes until I can be more comprehensive. Any input is appreciated.

Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., Wegner, D. M., & Nock, M. K. (2014). Psychology (Third edition). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.

Penner LA, Albrecht TL, Orom H, Coleman DK, Underwood W. Health and heath care disparities. In: Dovidio JF, Hewstone M, Glick P, Esses VM, editors. The Sage handbook of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2010. pp. 472–489.

BiosocialPolymath (talk) 22:07, 16 February 2019 (UTC)

Let us reword it to "suspected correlation" then. Zezen (talk) 08:35, 25 June 2019 (UTC)

Does age have anything to do with when someone could develop GAD? --Sew1029 (talk) 19:49, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

Image

This image is not suitable. One can barely make out anything in it.[1] Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 10:21, 3 June 2019 (UTC)µ

Maybe this image can be cropped, to only 'statistics' of 'causes & risk factors'? Would it then be usefull? --PJ Geest (talk) 10:49, 28 June 2019 (UTC)

Might be best to redraw it. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 11:26, 20 August 2019 (UTC)

There is an artist, Frederico Babina, that drew a set of images representing various psychiatric conditions, among them anxiety. I'm GAD and can say that this image represents very well the feeling of this disorder. This is the image: https://www.fasdapsicanalise.com.br/content/uploads/2017/05/ansiedade1-300x300.jpg How can we legaly attach the imagem on the article? --FabioMazzarino (talk) 11:08, 26 November 2019 (UTC)

Substance-Induced

Substance-induced[edit] Long-term use of benzodiazepines can worsen underlying anxiety,[15][16] with evidence that reduction of benzodiazepines can lead to a diminishment of anxiety symptoms.[17] Similarly, long-term effects of alcohol consumption is associated with anxiety disorders,[18] with evidence that prolonged abstinence can result in a disappearance of anxiety symptoms.[19] However, it can take up to two years for anxiety symptoms to return to baseline in about a quarter of people recovering from alcoholism.[20]

In one study in 1988–90, illness in approximately half of patients attending mental health services at British hospital psychiatric clinics, for conditions such as panic disorder or social phobia, was determined to be the result of alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence. In these patients, anxiety symptoms, while worsening initially during the withdrawal phase, disappeared with abstinence from benzodiazepines or alcohol. Sometimes anxiety pre-existed alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence, but the dependence was acting to keep the anxiety disorders going and could progressively make them worse. Recovery from benzodiazepines tends to take a lot longer than recovery from alcohol, but people can regain their previous good health.[20]

Tobacco smoking has been established as a risk factor for developing anxiety disorders.[21] Neurotransmitter systems, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction and neurogenesis are affected by exposure to cigarette smoke which are all pathways thought to be associated with GAD.[22]

Excessive caffeine use has also been linked to aggravating and maintaining anxiety.[23] This is due to overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system.[24]

--

I might suggest rephrasing this section to something along the lines of "Substance-Induced Anxiety." Moreover, one should distinguish substance-induced anxiety that might occur in a person who does not suffer Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) from substance-induced anxiety or exacerbated anxiety in a person who does suffer GAD. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jrsauer (talk • contribs) 20:14, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

Organizational changes

Dear GAD editors. I've been studying the current GAD page and appreciate the work the page reflects at present. However, I've been wondering if perhaps we could start reworking this page to reflect greater categorical organization.

Here is a brief outline that I have generated in view of several systematic review articles I have surveyed today and the MGH Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry chapter on anxiety disorders (including GAD, which is chapter 32 of the second edition for this outstanding text). While this outline certainly could / should be expanded to include greater detail, I hope you will find that it is an easy way to conceptualize the major topics in GAD -- including several that are well underway in the current article. I certainly don't intend to suggest that the current organization of the article isn't meaningful, but my hope is that together we can make this article easier to read and think about from the perspective of a member of the public and also from the perspective of a student of psychology or medicine/psychiatry.

Best regards Jrsauer (talk) 05:23, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Alternative spelling of "generalized" not needed to be specified as a synonym

As the article consistently uses the spelling variant "generalized" rather than "generalised", it is not necessary to specify "generalised anxiety disorder" as an "other name" for the disorder. There is no semantic difference between "generalized anxiety disorder" and "generalised anxiety disorder". Specifying such minor alternate spelling is unnecessary. I reverted User:Jonny_Nixon unneeded contribution to the article in the form of the minor alternate spelling. However, they have since re-inserted their edit. To avoid conflict, I am making note of my objection here and offer User:Jonny_Nixon to provide justification for their re-insertion and help correct a possible misunderstanding. Their current claim: "official medical term in several nations" is irrelevant since the supposed "other name" for the disorder they mention is no more than a spelling change on a single letter. SchizoidNightmares (talk) 05:39, 18 February 2021 (UTC)

I was just trying to be inclusive when I included another spelling found in some dialects of English, on the English Wikipedia. —Jonny Nixon (talk) 14:11, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

I appreciate your response. The inclusion of the alternative spelling is not necessary and is not an "other name" for the disorder as it is merely a difference of a single letter, equal semantically and phonetically. The alternative spelling is already present as a redirect for those who spell the word differently. I have not seen other medical articles, certainly not customarily, include alternate spellings that exchange "z" for "s" in the "other names" field. SchizoidNightmares (talk) 19:59, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

Incidentally, the -ize spellings are considered correct in British English, though you don't see them very often. (The Oxford Dictionary prefers them.) This is different from, for example "color" versus "colour", where the "color" spelling would be seen as incorrect in text written purely for a British audience. Pchown (talk) 13:11, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

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Timothy olorasa 2603:800C:3900:51BB:186E:56F8:D4D:CD77 (talk) 08:10, 28 July 2023 (UTC)

Clarification Requested

The Anxiety Disorder article calls GAD "a common disorder characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation" and that sufferrers "experience non-specific persistent fear and worry"

This page refers to it as "an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about events or activities." and that "individuals with GAD are often overly concerned about everyday matters such as health, finances, death, family, relationship concerns, or work difficulties."

I think it would be a good idea to try and make it clearer whether the anxiety comes from worrying about the everyday matters, or if a/the non-specific anxiety is the one that causes the worry.

I apologize for any typing quirks or shortcuts, this was written on mobile. 45.47.122.92 (talk) 23:24, 24 May 2024 (UTC)