Wikipedia

Tessa Sanderson

Theresa Ione Sanderson CBE (born 14 March 1956) is a British former javelin thrower. She appeared in every Summer Olympics from 1976 to 1996, winning the gold medal in the javelin throw at the 1984 Olympics. She was the second track and field athlete to compete at six Olympics, and the first Black British woman to win an Olympic gold medal.

Tessa Sanderson
CBE
A headshot of Tessa Sanderson
Sanderson in 2008
Personal information
Full nameTheresa Ione Sanderson
NationalityBritish
Born (1956-03-14) 14 March 1956 (age 68)
St Elizabeth, Colony of Jamaica
Years active1973–1997
Sport
SportAthletics
EventJavelin throw
Achievements and titles
Personal best73.58 m (241.4 ft) (1983)
Medal record
Women's Athletics
Representing  Great Britain
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1984 Los Angeles Javelin
European Championships
Silver medal – second place 1978 Prague Javelin
Representing  England
Commonwealth Games
Gold medal – first place 1978 Edmonton Javelin
Gold medal – first place 1986 Edinburgh Javelin
Gold medal – first place 1990 Auckland Javelin

Sanderson won gold medals in the javelin throw at three Commonwealth Games (1978, 1986 and 1990) and at the 1992 IAAF World Cup. She was runner-up at the 1978 European Athletics Championships, and competed in three world championships (1983, 1987, and 1997). Sanderson was UK National Champion three times and AAA National Champion in amateur athletics ten times. She set five Commonwealth records and ten British national records in the javelin, as well as records at the junior and masters levels. During her career, Sanderson had a rivalry with fellow Briton Fatima Whitbread, who took the bronze in the 1984 Olympics.

Outside athletics, Sanderson has made several guest television appearances, and was a sports reporter for Sky News when it began broadcasting in 1989. Sanderson was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1985 and became a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2004 New Years Honours. She was Vice-chair of Sport England from 1999 to 2005, and later established the Tessa Sanderson Foundation and Academy, which aims to encourage young people and people with disabilities to take up sport.

Early life

edit

Theresa Ione Sanderson was born on 14 March 1956 in St Elizabeth, Colony of Jamaica.[1] Her parents left Jamaica to find work in England when Sanderson was five. She was cared for by her grandmother until she went to live with her parents in Wednesfield (then in Staffordshire) at age six. Barbara Richards, her physical education teacher at Ward's Bridge High School, noted her talent for athletics and encouraged her to succeed; Richards threatened to place Sanderson in after-school detention if she did not train, an approach which Sanderson later said helped.[2][3] She first threw a javelin at age 14, betting with a friend for a bag of chips on who would be able to throw it further.[4]

Athletic career

edit

Early career

edit

Sanderson was a member of Wolverhampton & Bilston Athletics Club, competing in the javelin throw and multi-event disciplines.[1] In 1972, aged 16, Sanderson won the Intermediate javelin event at the English Schools' Athletics Championships.[1] She was selected to compete in the javelin throw at the 1973 European Athletics Junior Championships the following year, where she reached the final but finished 12th with a throw of 39.18 m (128 ft 6+1⁄2 in) – well behind the winner, Tonya Khristova of Bulgaria, who threw 54.84 m (179 ft 11 in).[5]: 17–18  Sanderson then decided to focus on the javelin throw rather than the pentathlon, partly because she thought that javelin competitions would provide more opportunities for travel.[5] She made her senior international debut in the javelin throw at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, finishing fifth. Later that year, Sanderson finished 13th in the 1974 European Athletics Championships. She broke the British javelin-throw junior record five times, achieving a distance of 55.04 m (180 ft 6+3⁄4 in) in 1974. Sanderson set the national record in 1976, throwing 56.14 m (184 ft 2 in), and went on to set ten national records and five Commonwealth records.[1]

 
Ruth Fuchs, who was the world-record holder when Sanderson made the second-longest javelin throw

The 1976 season saw Sanderson's debut at the Olympics. Aged 20, she was the youngest competitor in her event and threw 57.00 m (187 ft 0 in) to finish ninth.[1] In July 1977, at the European Cup semi-finals in Dublin, she threw 67.20 m (220 ft 5+1⁄2 in) – a national record and the second-longest distance by a woman at the time.[6] At the European Cup finals, Ruth Fuchs of East Germany won the gold and Sanderson took the silver.[7] Later that year, Sanderson was the bronze medalist at the 1977 IAAF World Cup.[8]

Sanderson won her first major gold medal with a throw of 61.34 m (201 ft 2+3⁄4 in) in the 1978 Commonwealth Games, the first time England had won Commonwealth gold in the women's javelin since 1962.[1] A few weeks later, Sanderson took silver at the 1978 European Athletics Championships behind Fuchs;[9] she was the bronze medalist at the 1979 European Cup again behind Fuchs, both of them losing out to Romanian Éva Ráduly-Zörgő.[10] Selected for the 1980 Summer Olympics, she failed to meet the qualifying standard for the final, reaching only 48.76 m (159 ft 11+1⁄2 in) with her first throw and having her other two attempts declared no-throws.[11]

After the 1980 Summer Olympic Games, Sanderson asked Wilf Paish of the Carnegie Institute of Physical Education in Leeds to become her coach,[2] and lived with his family once he agreed.[12] A throw of 61.56 m (201 ft 11+1⁄2 in) was enough for Sanderson to win at the 1981 Pacific Conference Games.[13] At the 1981 European Cup, she was runner-up behind Antoaneta Todorova of Bulgaria who made a world-record throw of 71.88 m (235 ft 9+3⁄4 in).[14] She also competed in the pentathlon and heptathlon,[1] setting UK and Commonwealth records for the heptathlon twice in 1981.[15] Later that year, Sanderson had an achilles tendon rupture in her left leg and broke a bone in her throwing arm. Surgery on her Achilles tendon was unsuccessful, and she required another operation; the injuries prevented her from competing for 22 months.[2] After returning, Sanderson achieved her career-best javelin throw of 73.58 m (241 ft 4+3⁄4 in) at the Tarmac Games in Edinburgh on 26 June 1983. It was the third-longest throw by a woman at the time, when the record was 74.76 m (245 ft 3+1⁄4 in) thrown by Tiina Lillak of Finland ten days previously.[16][17] Sanderson finished fourth at the 1983 World Championships; another British competitor, Fatima Whitbread, who was coming to the fore as her rival, won silver.[18][19] After re-injuring her Achilles tendon at the championship, Sanderson had surgery on both Achilles tendons a few days after the competition ended.[2]

Olympic gold and later career

edit

Sanderson won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in the javelin, setting a new Olympic record with her throw of 69.56 m (228 ft 2+1⁄2 in). Whitbread won the bronze; it was Great Britain's first Olympic win in a throwing event since the modern Olympics began in 1896.[20][21] Sanderson is the first Black British woman to win an Olympic gold medal.[22] Sanderson wrote in her 1986 autobiography that following her Olympic victory, she had not intended to compete in the following athletics season, but she did take part in several competitions after being persuaded by her management company IMG to do so. Although she finished behind Whitbread in five successive meetings, Sanderson did produce the fourth-longest women's javelin throw of the year.[5]: 172  She won gold at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, and Whitbread took the silver medal.[23]

In March 1987, Sanderson announced that she would change her focus from the javelin throw to the heptathlon. Shortly before then, she had moved to London and was looking for a career in television or promotional work.[24] In fact, she only competed in one heptathlon after this, in July.[25] At the Dairy Crest Games in August, Whitbread (who had been undefeated during the season) injured her shoulder; Sanderson won the event. Sanderson then announced that she would train with Mick Hill in Italy for the world championships.[26] Whitbread won the world championship, and Sanderson finished fourth.[27]

About ten days before participating in the 1988 Summer Olympics as defending champion, Sanderson burst the skin around her ankle and exposed her Achilles tendon.[28] She failed to qualify for the final and left the competition limping, with blood visible on the bandage on her injured ankle.[29] Sanderson left the stadium on crutches before the medal ceremony, where Whitbread received the silver medal behind Petra Felke from East Germany.[30]

Sanderson announced after the 1988 Olympics that she would retire from the javelin throw, but made an unexpected return to competition in 1989[31] at the McVitie's International Challenge; she finished third.[32] She also finished third at the 1989 European Cup, despite not being in top condition.[33] At the 1990 Commonwealth Games, a throw of 65.72 m (215 ft 7+1⁄4 in) was enough for Sanderson to retain her title.[34] She finished 12th at the 1990 European Athletics Championships,[35] but was later moved up to 11th.[36][37] Aged 35, Sanderson won at the 1991 European Cup over a field which included world-record holder Felke.[38]

Her fifth Olympic Games appearance, at the 1992 Summer Olympics, set a record for Olympic appearances by a British athlete.[39] Sanderson's best throw, 63.58 m (208 ft 7 in), was almost five metres less than the winning throw of 68.34 m (224 ft 2+1⁄2 in) by Silke Renk and 3.28 metres less than bronze medalist Karen Forkel.[40] She won gold at the 1992 World Cup with a throw of 61.86 m (202 ft 11+1⁄4 in), nearly three metres further than any other competitor.[41]

Rivalry with Fatima Whitbread

edit
 
Fatima Whitbread, whose rivalry with Sanderson was often written about in the British press

Alan Hubbard wrote in a 1990 article in The Observer about Sanderson and Whitbread that "their hate-hate relationship has been one of the most enduring in British sport", lasting almost a decade.[42] The same year, Matthew Engel wrote in The Guardian that "the Sanderson-Whitbread feud is, of course, one of the most splendid in sport",[34] and Tom Lamont, in the same newspaper 29 years later, commented that "Whitbread and Sanderson were always uneasy rivals and the enmity that developed during their overlapping careers became as famous as their achievements, and seems to survive in their retirement".[12] Hubbard cited Sanderson's perception that Whitbread received preferential treatment from the British Amateur Athletic Board. The Board's promotions officer, Andy Norman, who had a role in setting British athletes' fees, was a family friend of Whitbread and her mother and coach, Margaret.[43][42] Margaret Whitbread was also the national coach for women's javelin in 1985, when her daughter participated in many international events while Sanderson only competed in one in the season ending in June 1985.[44] In 1987, Sanderson threatened to boycott athletics events, for which she was being paid £1,000 each by British Athletics compared to Whitbread's £10,000. Sanderson agreed to a new deal at the beginning of June that year.[45] Sanderson also objected to the endorsement that the Whitbreads had given to the Australian athlete Sue Howland, who competed at the 1990 Commonwealth Games after a two-year doping suspension, saying that she felt that they should have supported British athletes instead.[42][46]

During their respective careers, Sanderson won an Olympic and three Commonwealth golds, and Whitbread gained one world and one European title.[47] In all, Sanderson placed higher in 27 of the 45 times that they faced each other in competition, although Whitbread had the better results of the pair from 1984 to 1987.[1] In 2019, Sanderson told an interviewer from The Daily Telegraph that although she had initially been on friendly terms with Whitbread, before "the competition got to Whitbread's head" and they fell out, "The rivalry was one of the best things when you look at it now. It drove me to another level. It made me want to beat her every time. It's calmer now. I respect her and I hope she respects me."[47]

Return to competition

edit

After a four-year hiatus, Sanderson returned to track and field competition in 1996.[48] She set masters (over-40) record throws of 58.18 m (190 ft 10+1⁄2 in) and 60.64 m (198 ft 11+1⁄4 in) with her first two throws in May, surpassing the previous record of 51.84 m (170 ft 3⁄4 in).[1] After two further masters-record throws,[1] Sanderson increased the record to 64.06 m (210 ft 2 in) at the Securicor Games in July.[48][1] At the 1996 Summer Olympics, she became the second track and field athlete (after Romanian discus thrower Lia Manoliu) to compete at six Olympics but did not qualify for the final.[49] Sanderson also failed to qualify for the final at the 1997 World Championships, her last international appearance.[1] Sanderson retired from competition in 1997; Whitbread had retired five years earlier.[12]

During the 1970s, the use of performance-enhancing drugs was common in throwing events; Sanderson spoke against the practice,[50] consistently maintaining an anti-doping stance.[5]: 159–165 [22] Her rival, two-time Olympic champion Fuchs, later admitted using steroids in the East German sports programme. The East German team did not compete in the 1984 Olympic Games as they participated in a wider boycott led by the Soviet Union.[51][52] Sanderson told reporters from The Daily Telegraph in 2021 that she felt during her career she had been "robbed" of medals by losing to competitors using drugs.[52]

Outside competition

edit
Further information: Tessa Sanderson on screen and stage

Sanderson has appeared as a guest on several television shows, including panel games A Question of Sport (in 1979), Bullseye (1984), Catchphrase Celebrity Special (1991), and Celebrity Wife Swap (2009).[53][54] When Sky News was launched in 1989, Sanderson was a sports reporter for the channel,[55] and she also co-hosted ITV's light-entertainment programme Surprise Surprise with Cilla Black.[56] In 2012, Sanderson was in "Billy's Olympic Nightmare", a BBC Red Button episode of soap opera EastEnders,[57] and was a contestant on ITV's Dancing on Ice Goes Gold in the same year. At age 58, she began modelling for the Grey Model Agency.[3]

Sanderson was vice-chair of Sport England from 1999 to 2005.[58] In 2006, she founded an academy in Newham which helped to find and train athletes to represent Britain in the 2012 Summer Olympics.[59] The Tessa Sanderson Foundation and Academy was established in September 2009 to encourage young people and people with disabilities to take up sport with mentoring and support.[60]

From 2009 to 2013, Sanderson organised an annual 10 km race in Newham; part of the route was through Olympic Park. Although the 2013 event attracted 3,000 participants (representing 45 different nationalities), it was cancelled in 2014; Sanderson said that the Newham Council wanted to double its fee, and delayed meeting about the race.[61][62] Sanderson was appointed to the board of the Olympic Park Legacy Company, chaired by Baroness Ford, to "develop and manage" the park after the 2012 Olympics.[63][64]

Honours

edit
 
Fence in Sanderson Park

Sanderson, the British Athletics Writers' Association Athlete of the Year in 1977, 1978 and 1984,[65] was inducted into the England Athletics Hall of Fame in 2012.[66] Candidates for the Hall of Fame are selected by a panel of experts and then voted on by the public.[67] She was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1985 New Year Honours after her Olympic gold-medal performance, raised to Officer (OBE) in the 1998 New Year Honours for her charity work, and to Commander (CBE) in the 2004 New Year Honours for her service to Sport England.[68]

Sanderson is an honorary graduate of the University of Wolverhampton,[69] and was made an Honorary Fellow of London South Bank University in 2004.[70] That year, she was one of 100 Great Black Britons in a poll taken after the BBC's 100 Greatest Britons failed to include any Black Britons.[71][72] Later that year, Sanderson received a Sportswomen of the Year Lifetime Achievement award from The Sunday Times.[73] A housing estate in Wednesfield near where she began learning the javelin throw was named Sanderson Park after her.[74] Two roads are named after her: Tessa Sanderson Place is near Wandsworth Road in South London,[75] and Tessa Sanderson Way is in Greenford, West London.[76]

Personal life

edit

Sanderson has spoken about the discrimination she has experienced as a black woman. She told The Guardian in 1990 that she had faced racial discrimination (although not in her sporting career), and she felt that sexism was the reason women athletes were not adequately paid.[77] Sanderson experienced racist language and behaviour in school (including being spat on),[22] and has spoken about receiving a racist letter saying that she was not truly British after her 1984 Olympic gold medal.[78] She told Sky Sports in October 2020, "Black athletes didn't have the voice they have now, so I just had to fight my own battles", and expressed disappointment at the continuing lack of Black, Asian and minority representation in sports governing bodies.[78]

Tessa: My Life in Athletics, Sanderson's autobiography, was published in 1986.[79] In 1990, she sued several newspapers and was awarded £30,000 in damages by the High Court of Justice for claims that she had "stolen another woman's husband". Sanderson said that her affair with the man, Derrick Evans (a fitness instructor known as Mr Motivator) began after his marriage had broken up.[4] Sanderson had starred in the fitness videos Cardiofunk (1990) and Body Blitz (c. 1992) with Evans.[80][81]

On 3 May 2010, Sanderson married former judo Olympian Densign White at St Paul's Cathedral in London. Her bridesmaids were fellow Olympic teammates Sharron Davies, Kelly Holmes and Christine Ohuruogu.[82] She had three unsuccessful in vitro fertilisation treatments by the age of 50. Sanderson and White began fostering four-month-old twins Cassius and Ruby Mae in 2013 and adopted them the following year, when Sanderson was 58.[3][83] Her nephew, Dion Sanderson, is a footballer who debuted with Wolverhampton Wanderers in October 2019.[84]

Career statistics

edit

Personal bests

edit
Personal best performances by Tessa Sanderson
Event Best Date Notes Ref.
Javelin throw 73.58 m 26 June 1983 in Edinburgh [16]
200 m 24.89 s July 1981 Brussels (European Cup semi-final) [1][85]
400 m 57.3 s 1972 [1]
800 m 2:26.20 July 1981 Brussels (European Cup semi-final) [1][85]
100 m hurdles 13.46 s 25 July 1981 at Crystal Palace [1][86]
400 m hurdles 60.46 s 11 June 1977 Cwmbran Stadium (1977 UK Athletics Championships) [1][87]
High jump 1.69 m 13 January 1973 at the Cosford Games [1][5]: 177 
Long jump 5.97 m July 1981 Brussels (European Cup semi-final) [1][85]
Shot put 13.27 m 1981 [1]
Heptathlon 6125 pts July 1981 Brussels (European Cup semi-final) [1][85]
60 m hurdles (indoors) 8.5 s 26 February 1977 at Cosford [1][5]: 170 
Pentathlon (indoors) 3623 pts 1973 [1]

Seasonal bests

edit

The table below shows Sanderson's best javelin performance per season.[5]: 181 [88]

Season rankings

edit

Sanderson's position in the rankings of women's javelin throw athletes, based on their longest throw in the year. Only positions in the top 25 are shown.[88]

International competitions

edit

The table shows Sanderson's performances representing Great Britain and England in international competitions.

Tessa Sanderson's javelin throw record
Year Competition Venue Position Distance Ref.
1973 European Junior Championships Duisburg, West Germany 12th 39.18 m [89]
1974 British Commonwealth Games Christchurch, New Zealand 5th 48.54 m [90]
European Championships Rome, Italy 13th (q)[a] 53.28 m [89]
1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada 10th 57.18 m [89]
1977 European Cup Helsinki, Finland 2nd 62.36 m [91]
World Cup[b] Düsseldorf, West Germany 3rd 60.30 m [92]: 81 
1978 Commonwealth Games Edmonton, Canada 1st 61.34 m [90]
European Championships Prague, Czechoslovakia 2nd 62.40 m [1]
1979 European Cup Turin, Italy 3rd 62.38 m [91]
1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union 19th (q)[a] 48.76 m [93]
1981 Pacific Conference Games Christchurch, New Zealand 1st 61.56 m [94]
European Cup Zagreb, Yugoslavia 2nd 65.94 m [91]
1983 World Championships Helsinki, Finland 4th 64.76 m [1]
1984 Olympic Games Los Angeles, United States 1st 69.56 m [89]
1986 Commonwealth Games Edinburgh, United Kingdom 1st 69.80 m [85]
1987 World Championships Rome, Italy 4th 67.54 m [95]
1988 Olympic Games Seoul, South Korea 21st (q)[a] 56.70 m [96]
1989 European Cup Gateshead, United Kingdom 3rd 59.72 m [91]
1990 Commonwealth Games Auckland, New Zealand 1st 65.72 m [85]
European Championships Split, Yugoslavia 12th 57.56 m [97]
1991 European Cup Frankfurt, Germany 1st 65.18 m [85]
1992 Olympic Games Barcelona, Spain 4th 63.58 m [98]
World Cup[b] Havana, Cuba 1st 61.86 m [92]: 82 
1996 European Cup Madrid, Spain 4th 58.18 m [99]
Olympic Games Atlanta, United States 14th (q)[a] 58.86 m [100]
1997 World Championships Athens, Greece 18th (q)[a] 57.84 m [101]

"(q)" denotes position in qualifying round.

National titles

edit

Midland Counties Championships

edit

These were competitions for women based in the English Midlands counties of Avon, Gloucestershire, Hereford and Worcester, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Salop, Staffordshire, Warwickshire and West Midlands.[106][c]

  • Javelin throw: 1974, 1975, 1977[107]
  • Pentathlon: 1976[107]
  • 400 m hurdles: 1977[107]

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e Position in qualifying round
  2. ^ a b representing Europe
  3. ^ The criteria for eligibility for county championships were "bring born in the county, having lived continuously in the county for nine months before the competition date, or having nine months of service in HM [Armed] Forces stationed within the county".[106]

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Tessa Sanderson". UK Athletics. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Brasher, Christopher (12 August 1984). "The sweet and sour faces of triumph". The Observer. p. 30.
  3. ^ a b c Lambert, Victoria (5 November 2016). "Tessa Sanderson: I was a mother at 57, now I'm a model at 60". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  4. ^ a b Powell, David (25 May 1996). "Joan Collins of javelin aims for dramatic final episode of dynasty – Saturday Portrait". The Times. London. p. 42. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Sanderson, Tessa; Hickman, Leon (1986). My Life in Athletics. London: Willow Books. ISBN 0002182114.
  6. ^ Rodda, John (18 July 1977). "Girls through too". The Guardian. London. p. 16.
  7. ^ Brasher, Chris (14 August 1977). "Ovett first but where was Foster?". The Guardian. London. p. 20.
  8. ^ Temple, Cliff (3 September 1977). "Juantorena the star of act one, scene two". The Times. London. p. 20.
  9. ^ Temple, Cliff (2 September 1978). "Capes is disqualified for pushing official before shot put final". The Times. London. p. 4.
  10. ^ "Scoreboard: track". The Boston Globe. 5 August 1979. p. 70.
  11. ^ Harris, Bob (24 July 1980). "Disaster: Tessa fails to qualify". Newcastle Evening Chronicle. Newcastle. p. 30.
  12. ^ a b c Lamont, Tom (26 July 2009). "Frozen in time". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  13. ^ "Australia emerged as the top nation of the two-day ...". United Press International. 1 February 1981.
  14. ^ Brasher, Chris (16 August 1981). "Wells cuts a fine dash". The Observer. London. p. 18.
  15. ^ "Tessa Sanderson". TeamGB. British Olympic Association. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  16. ^ a b "Theresa Sanderson". World Athletics. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  17. ^ Bradshaw, Bill (27 June 1983). "Whoops, there you go Steve". The Journal. ewcastle-upon-Tyne. p. 14.
  18. ^ Rodda, John (15 August 1983). "Daley looks to extend his domain". The Guardian. London. p. 18.
  19. ^ Knight, Tom; Troop, Nick (1988). The Sackville illustrated dictionary of athletics. Stradbroke: Sackville. p. 130. ISBN 0948615125. By 1983, Britain's Fatima Whitbread had emerged as a serious rival [to Sanderson]
  20. ^ Rodda, John (8 August 1984). "Tessa sheds the ghost of Moscow". The Guardian. London. p. 22.
  21. ^ "Teresa Sanderson". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  22. ^ a b c Hubbard, Alan (15 November 2009). "Tessa Sanderson: 'I was spat on and called golliwog'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  23. ^ Keating, Frank (1 August 1986). "Whitbread's bitterness overflows". The Guardian. London. p. 22.
  24. ^ Moore, Chris (21 March 1987). "Athletics: Sanderson ready to bring down curtain". The Times. London. Retrieved 14 July 2020 – via NewsBank.
  25. ^ Mazdon, Stuart (2012). Heptathlon and Pentathlon: a statistical Survey of Women's Combined Events. National Union of Track Statisticians. p. 125. ISBN 9780904612165.
  26. ^ Rodda, John (24 August 1987). "Peaking on the road to Rome". The Guardian. London. p. 25.
  27. ^ Keating, Frank (7 September 1987). "Fatima spearheads British victories". The Guardian. London. p. 1.
  28. ^ Rodda, John (15 September 1987). "Sanderson's schedule cut close to the bone". The Guardian. London. p. 17.
  29. ^ Rodda, John (26 September 1987). "Reeling under the shock of the new". The Guardian. London. p. 17.
  30. ^ Bierley, Stephen (27 September 1987). "Fatima's defiant spear of silver". The Guardian. London. p. 13.
  31. ^ Rodda, John (16 June 1989). "Sanderson throws herself back into action among the very best of British". The Guardian. London. p. 20.
  32. ^ "Results". The Guardian. London. 24 June 1989. p. 20.
  33. ^ Rodda, John (7 August 1989). "All hands see off the best of Europe". The Guardian. London. p. 14.
  34. ^ a b Engel, Matthew (2 February 1999). "Coe saves deposit as Sanderson loses her cool". The Guardian. London. p. 20.
  35. ^ "Track & field". USA Today. 31 August 1990. p. 11C.
  36. ^ "Verspringer Maas neemt EK-brons van Bilac over" [Long jumper Maas takes over European Championship bronze from Bilac]. NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). 5 October 1990. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  37. ^ "Doping bei EM" [Doping in European Championships]. Neues Deutschland (in German). 6 October 1990. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  38. ^ Hubbard, Alan (30 June 1991). "Christie fast and furious". The Observer. London. p. 36.
  39. ^ Powell, David (15 July 1992). "Sanderson rejoices in record – Athletics". Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020 – via NewsBank.
  40. ^ "Athletics at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games: Women's Javelin Throw Final Round". Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020.
  41. ^ Rodda, John (28 September 1992). "Britain second in world cup". The Guardian. London. p. 14.
  42. ^ a b c Hubbard, Alan (28 October 1990). "Feuds corner: Sanderson v Whitbread". The Observer. London. p. 23.
  43. ^ Mays, Ken (1 July 1985). "Whitbread & Sanderson fall out". The Daily Telegraph. p. 22.
  44. ^ Brasher, Christopher (30 June 1985). "Cram shunted aside by flying Scotsman". The Observer. p. 39.
  45. ^ "Athletics: Sanderson offered improved pay deal". The Times. London. 3 June 1987. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020 – via NewsBank.
  46. ^ Engel, Matthew (2 February 1990). "Coe saves deposit as Sanderson loses her cool". The Guardian. London. p. 20.
  47. ^ a b Field, Pippa (16 August 2019). "Tessa Sanderson on race, rivalry and modelling – Exclusive interview". The Daily Telegraph. pp. 6–7.
  48. ^ a b Rowbottom, Mike (13 July 1996). "Christie denied farewell victory". The Independent. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  49. ^ "Sanderson 'ecstatic' at honour". BBC Sport. 31 December 2003. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014.
  50. ^ Temple, Cliff (30 September 1977). "Throwing Britain into limelight". The Times. London. p. 13.
  51. ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (10 December 2019). "Ruth Fuchs". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  52. ^ a b Wilson, Jeremy; Bloom, Ben (21 December 2021). "Meet the British Olympians who fear they were cheated out of glory". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  53. ^ "Tessa Sanderson". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  54. ^ "London". Sunday Mirror. London. 21 October 1984. p. 26.
  55. ^ Brooks, Richard (5 February 1989). "Sun light in the Sky for news channel". The Observer. London. p. 84.
  56. ^ Miles, Tina (15 March 2012). "Holly Willoughby on why she is nervous about stepping into her hero Cilla Black's shoes on Surprise Surprise". Liverpool Echo. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  57. ^ "Billy's Olympic Nightmare". BBC. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  58. ^ "Midlands' Olympic legends: Tessa Sanderson". itv.com. 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  59. ^ Banh, Angela; Cadger, Rick. "Tessa Sanderson". regtransfers.co.uk. Registration Transfers Ltd. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  60. ^ "The Tessa Sanderson Foundation And Academy". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  61. ^ "Welcome to Newham Classic". Newham Classic 10k. Archived from the original on 7 March 2010.
  62. ^ Hubbard, Alan (9 February 2014). "Inside Lines: Olympian Tessa Sanderson angry at losing her running battle with Newham Council". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  63. ^ "Olympic Park Legacy Company". Legacycompany.co.uk. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 20 January 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  64. ^ "Olympic Park Legacy Company". Legacycompany.co.uk. 2009. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  65. ^ "British Athletics Writers' Association". Sports Journalists' Association. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  66. ^ "2012 Hall of Fame Inductees". England Athletics. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  67. ^ "Hall of Fame". England Athletics. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  68. ^ "2012 Hall of Fame Inductees". England Athletics. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  69. ^ "WLV dialogue" (PDF). University of Wolverhampton. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  70. ^ Ruth M (22 October 2019). "Black History Month: Honorary Graduates". London South Bank University. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  71. ^ "100 Great Black Britons". Every Generation Media and Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  72. ^ Bloomfield, Steve (8 February 2004). "The top 10 black Britons (but one may not be)". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  73. ^ Lewis, Richard (13 June 1996). "Fame game that began as a noble form of address". The Times. London. p. 5.
  74. ^ Young, Robin (18 March 1994). "Pupils right on target". Sandwell Evening Mail. p. 56.
  75. ^ Young, Robin; Hepburn, Kirstie (28 November 2004). "Tessa's lifetime of success – Sportswomen of the Year awards". The Sunday Times. London. p. Sport 23.
  76. ^ Bromley, Tom (2012). "Track 11: Do they know it's Christmas?". Wired for Sound: Now That's What I Call An Eighties Music Childhood. London: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781849833936.
  77. ^ Hubbard, Alan (26 August 1990). "Tigress still on the prowl". The Guardian. London. p. 22.
  78. ^ a b Clarke, Roger (6 October 2020). "Tessa Sanderson: Olympic champion still determined to break down barriers". Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  79. ^ Richard William Cox (2003). British Sport: Biographical studies of British sportsmen, sportswomen, and animals. London: Frank Cass. p. 106. ISBN 9780714652528.
  80. ^ "Fighting the flab". Kensington Post. London. 4 January 1990. p. 18.
  81. ^ "Video Gems Firm". Trove. National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  82. ^ "Sharron's bridesmaid role". Gloucestershire Echo. Cheltenham. 3 June 2010.
  83. ^ Andrews, Mark (19 October 2019). "Tessa Sanderson's joy at becoming an adoptive mother at 58". Shropshire Star. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  84. ^ Swarbrick, Rosie (4 November 2019). "Olympian Tessa Sanderson so proud to see nephew Dion Sanderson flying the family flag with Wolves". Express & Star. Wolverhampton. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  85. ^ a b c d e f g Smythe, Steve (14 March 2021). "Tessa Sanderson's top 10 throws". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  86. ^ "Shirley wins third title". Newcastle Evening Chronicle. 25 July 1981. p. 32.
  87. ^ "UK Championships". GBR Athletics. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  88. ^ a b "Track and Field Statistics: Tessa Sanderson". Track and Field Statistics. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  89. ^ a b c d "Theresa Sanderson". European Athletics. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  90. ^ a b "Theresa Ione Sanderson". The Commonwealth Games Federation. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  91. ^ a b c d "European Cup A final and Super League (women)". GBRAthletics. Athletics Weekly. 2007. Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  92. ^ a b "1st IAAF/VTB Bank Intercontinental Cup: IAAF Statistics Handbook" (PDF). IAAF. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2012.
  93. ^ "Athletics at the 1980 Moscow Summer Games: Women's Javelin Throw". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  94. ^ "Pacific Conference Games". GBRAthletics. Athletics Weekly. 2005. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  95. ^ "Theresa Sanderson (1987)". European Athletics. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  96. ^ "Athletics at the 1988 Seoul Summer Games: Women's Javelin Throw". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  97. ^ "Theresa Sanderson (1990)". European Athletics. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  98. ^ "Athletics at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Games: Women's Javelin Throw". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  99. ^ "Theresa Sanderson (1996)". European Athletics. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  100. ^ "Athletics at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games: Women's Javelin Throw". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  101. ^ "World Athletics Chmpionships, Athina (Olympic Stadium), 01 Aug – 10 Aug 1997. Javelin Throw Women (Qualification)". World Athletics. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  102. ^ "AAA Junior Championships (women)". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  103. ^ "English Schools Championship (girls)". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  104. ^ "British Schools International match". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  105. ^ a b "Outdoor: British Olympic Games trials". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  106. ^ a b Temple, Cliff (1980). Cross country and Road Running. London: Stanley Paul. p. 204. ISBN 9780091415211.
  107. ^ a b c "Midland Counties Championships". Athletics Weekly. Archived from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tessa_Sanderson&oldid=1257720183"