Timeline of Benghazi

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Benghazi, Libya.^{[nb 1]}

Prior to 20th century

7th century BCE - Euesperides founded by Cyrenians near site of present-day Benghazi.^[1]
1517 CE - Cyrenaica becomes part of Ottoman Tripolitania.^{[chronology citation needed]}
1577 - Atiq Mosque built.^{[chronology citation needed]}
1816/1817 - Massacre [ar] occurs at the Ottoman fortress [ar].^{[citation needed]}
1820 - Alhadadp Mosque founded.^(ar)^{[citation needed]}
1827 - British consulate established.
1858 - Plague outbreak.^[2]
1869 - Administrative Benghazi mutessariflik (province) created.^[1]
1874 - Plague outbreak.^[2]
1895
- Barracks [ar] built in Al-Berka.^{[citation needed]}
- Italian "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" active in Benghazi.^[2]

20th century

1900s-1940s

1906 - Market [ar] burns down.^{[citation needed]}
1911
- 19 October: Town occupied by Italian forces during the Italo-Turkish War.
- Population: 35,000.^[3]
1913 - Albergo Italia (hotel) built.^{[citation needed]}
1914 - Benghazi–Benina railway [it] begins operating.
1916 - Benghazi Central Station [it] built.^[4]
1922 - Benghazi Lighthouse built.^{[citation needed]}
1924 - City Hall built.
1926 - Benghazi-Suluq Railway [it] begins operating.
1927
- Benghazi–Marj railway [it] begins operating.
- Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Cyrenaica established.^[5]
1928 - Berenice Theatre [ar] opens.^{[citation needed]}
1931 - September: Trial of Omar Mukhtar, leading to his execution on 16 September in nearby Suluq.
1934
- Pier built in the Port of Benghazi.^[6]
- Administrative Benghazi Province created.^{[chronology citation needed]}
1936 - Hotel Berenice [ar] built.^[7]
1937 - March: Mussolini visits Benghazi.
1939 - Benghazi Cathedral built.
1942
- November: British forces take city during the Battle of El Agheila in World War II.^[8]
- Italian rule ends.
- Omar al-Mukhtar Society formed.^[9]^{[chronology citation needed]}
1945 - Population: 60,000 (approximate).^[10]
1947 - Ahly Benghazi football club active.

1950s-1990s

1952
- Al-Hilal SC (sport club) formed.
- University of Oxford's Ashmolean Expedition to Cyrenaica begins its archaeological excavation of Euesperides site.^[11]
1953 - City boundary established.^[12]
1954 - Al Tahaddy SC (football club) formed.
1955 - University of Libya founded.^[8]
1956 - Benghazi Zoo founded.^{[citation needed]}
1957 - Benghazi Military University Academy established.
1964 - Population: 137,295.^[13]
1967 - Stadium and Suliman Ad-Dharrath Arena^{[citation needed]} open.
1970s - Giuliana Bridge opens.
1973
- University of Benghazi active.
- Population: 266,000.^[10]
1980 - February: Protest at French consulate.^[14]
1982
- March: Part of 1982 African Cup of Nations football contest held in Benghazi.
- Convention centre [ar] built.^{[citation needed]}
1984 - Population: 442,860.^[10]
1986 - 15 April: Aerial bombing of city by United States forces.^[15]
1989 - Tibesti Hotel (hi-rise) built.^[16]
1990 - Population: 800,000 (estimate).^[17]
1991 - "Administrative Office Complex" (hi-rise) built.^[16]
1993 - September: Great Man-Made River constructed; water begins flowing to Benghazi.^[18]
2000
- 1 September: Al-Ahly football stadium demolished.^[19]
- September: Unrest.^[14]

21st century

2005 - Population: 685,367 (estimate).^[8]
2006 - 15 February: Protest against Muhammad cartoons.^[15]
2007 - Quryna newspaper begins publication.
2008 - Sirt–Benghazi Railway [de] construction begins.
2009 - Martyrs of February Stadium opens in nearby Benina.
2011
- 15 February: Arab Spring-related protest; Libyan Civil War (2011) begins.^[15]
- Al Kalima newspaper begins publication.
2012
- 19 May: Local election held.
- June: "Pro-autonomy mob ransacks the election commission building."^[15]
- September: United States consulate attacked.^[15]
2014
- 16 May: Benina International Airport closes due to fighting.
- 15 October: Battle of Benghazi begins.
2017
- 18 April: Abdelrahman Alabbar becomes mayor.^[20]
- 15 July: Benina Airport reopens.
- 27 July: Battle of Benghazi officially concludes.

Notes

^ The city of Benghazi is also called: Banghāzī, Bengasi, Bengazi, Benghasi, Berenice, Bernîk, Bingazi, Binghāzī, Euesperides, and Hesperides

References

^ ^a ^b Baedeker 1911.
^ ^a ^b ^c Britannica 1910.
^ "Italy: Tripoli and Cyrenaica". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
^ "Stazione Ferroviaria di Bengasi", Rivista Mensile (in Italian), Touring Club Italiano, 1916, archived from the original on 2015-01-08
^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Libya". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
^ Marthelot 1964.
^ Brian McLaren (2006). Architecture and Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya: An Ambivalent Modernism. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98542-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Benghazi". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
^ Mattawa 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Saad Khalil Kezeiri (1986). "Growth and change in Libya's settlements system". Ekistics. 53 (316/317). Athens: 34–41. JSTOR 43620696.
^ Vickers 1994.
^ Bulugma 1964.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
^ ^a ^b "Libya". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. ISBN 0203409957.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Libya Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 13 June 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Libya: Benghazi". Emporis.com. Hamburg: Emporis GmbH. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants" (PDF). Demographic Yearbook 2010. United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-10.
^ "Libya's thirst for 'fossil water'", BBC News, 18 March 2006
^ "Libya: A donkey taunt, the Gaddafis and a fatal footballing rivalry", The Guardian, UK, 25 May 2011
^ "مراسم التسليم والاستلام المستشار عبدالرحمن العبار عميدآ لبلدية بنغازي" [Ceremony for Abdelrahman Alabbar, Mayor of Benghazi Municipality]. Benghazimun.ly (in Arabic). 18 April 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.

This article incorporates information from the Arabic Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, and Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Ferdinando Borsari (1888), "Evesperide o Berenice (Bengasi)", Geografia etnologica e storica della Tripolitania, Cirenaica e Fezzan (in Italian), Turin: Ermanno Loescher
Giacomo De Martino (1908). "Bengasi". Cirene e Cartagine (in Italian). Bologna: Nicola Zanichelli. pp. 85–110.
Hogarth, David George (1910). "Bengazi" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). p. 736.
"Benghazi", The Mediterranean, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 490068
"Bengasi", Enciclopedia Italiana (Treccani) (in Italian), 1930
"Cirenaica: Rossa di sangue, verde di piante". Varietas (in Italian). Vol. 30. Milan. 1934. (Includes information about Benghazi)
J. Despois [in French] (1960). "Beng̲hāzī". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). E.J. Brill.
- Ewald Banse (1913). "Beng̲hāzī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill.
Richard George Goodchild [in French] (1954). Benghazi, the story of a city. OCLC 822712914.
Hadi M.R. Bulugma (1964). Urban Geography of Benghazi (Ph.D.). Durham University.
Pierre Marthelot (1964). "Une ville aux chances successives: Benghazi". Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français (in French). 41 (328): 32–41. doi:10.3406/bagf.1964.5705. OCLC 876706131 – via Persee.fr.
Hadi M. Bulugma (1968). Benghazi through the Ages. Tripoli. OCLC 28490247.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
John Wright (1992). "Wadai-Benghazi Slave Route". Slavery & Abolition. 13. ISSN 0144-039X.
Francesco Prestopino (1999). Una città e il suo fotografo: la Bengasi coloniale, 1912-1941 (in Italian). Milan. ISBN 8877998423.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Khaled Mattawa (2007). "Dispatches from Benghazi". PMLA. 122 (1). US: Modern Language Association: 264–270. doi:10.1632/pmla.2007.122.1.264. JSTOR 25501686. S2CID 162208623.
Frederic Wehrey (1 July 2017). "'Whoever Controls Benghazi Controls Libya': A revolutionary city rises in the shadow of strongman Khalifa Haftar". The Atlantic. US.

External links

"(Benghazi)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
Items related to Benghazi, various dates (via Europeana)
Items related to Benghazi, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
"(Benghazi)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)

Images

Berenice Theatre, Benghazi, opened in 1928; designed by Marcello Piacentini

[1] The city of Benghazi is also called: Banghāzī, Bengasi, Bengazi, Benghasi, Berenice, Bernîk, Bingazi, Binghāzī, Euesperides, and Hesperides

[FOOTNOTEBaedeker1911-2] Baedeker 1911.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-3] Britannica 1910.

[4] "Italy: Tripoli and Cyrenaica". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.

[5] "Stazione Ferroviaria di Bengasi", Rivista Mensile (in Italian), Touring Club Italiano, 1916, archived from the original on 2015-01-08

[6] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Libya". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 1 August 2017.

[FOOTNOTEMarthelot1964-7] Marthelot 1964.

[McLaren2006-8] Brian McLaren (2006). Architecture and Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya: An Ambivalent Modernism. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98542-8.

[Britannica-9] "Benghazi". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2 August 2017.

[FOOTNOTEMattawa2007-10] Mattawa 2007.

[Kezeiri1986-11] Saad Khalil Kezeiri (1986). "Growth and change in Libya's settlements system". Ekistics. 53 (316/317). Athens: 34–41. JSTOR 43620696.

[FOOTNOTEVickers1994-12] Vickers 1994.

[FOOTNOTEBulugma1964-13] Bulugma 1964.

[14] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.

[Europa2001-15] "Libya". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. ISBN 0203409957.

[bbc-16] "Libya Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 13 June 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2017.

[Emporis-17] "Libya: Benghazi". Emporis.com. Hamburg: Emporis GmbH. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[18] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants" (PDF). Demographic Yearbook 2010. United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-10.

[19] "Libya's thirst for 'fossil water'", BBC News, 18 March 2006

[20] "Libya: A donkey taunt, the Gaddafis and a fatal footballing rivalry", The Guardian, UK, 25 May 2011

[21] "مراسم التسليم والاستلام المستشار عبدالرحمن العبار عميدآ لبلدية بنغازي" [Ceremony for Abdelrahman Alabbar, Mayor of Benghazi Municipality]. Benghazimun.ly (in Arabic). 18 April 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.

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Timeline of Benghazi

Contents

Prior to 20th century

20th century

1900s-1940s

1950s-1990s

21st century

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

Images