The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tripoli, Libya.
Prior to 19th century
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- 7th C. BCE
- Tripoli was founded by Phoenicians[1]
- Cyrenaica (eastern coastal region of Libya) colonized by the Greeks
- 2nd C. BCE - Romans in power.
- 163 CE - Roman Triumphal Arch built (approximate date).[2]
- 533- Successful recovered by Byzantines of Egypt
- 643 - Rashidun caliphate subdued Tripoli.[3]
- 1140 - Normans in power in Tripolitania.[2]
- 1149 - Tripoli pillaged by the Normans of Sicily.[4]
- 1401 - Tripoli was reconquered by the Tunisians.[4]
- 1510 - 25 July: Spanish forces captured the city; [4] it remained under Spanish rule for the next two decades.[5]
- 1530 - Tripoli granted to the Knights Hospitaller; it remained under their rule for the next two decades.[2][4]
- 1551 - August: City besieged by Ottoman forces led by Sinan Pasha, Turgut Reis, and Murad Agha.[5]
- 1556 - Cathedral mosque built.[5]
- 1559 - St. Peter fortress built.[5]
- 1604 - Iskandar Pasha hammam built.[5]
- 1610 - Jama'a al-Naqa'a (mosque of the camel) restored.[5]
- 1654 - Uthman Pasha Madrasa built.[6]
- 1670 - Sidi Salem (building) restored.[5]
- 1671 - Darghouth Turkish Bath established.[citation needed]
- 1675 - Conflict between Barbary corsairs and British naval forces.[7]
- 1680 - Mosque of Mahmud Khaznadar built.[5][6]
- 1699 - Mosque of Muhammad Pasha built.[6]
- 1711 - Ahmed Karamanli in power.[4]
- 1736 - Ahmad Pasha al-Qarahmanli mosque built.[6]
19th century
edit- 1801 - First Barbary War begins.
- 1804 - Second Battle of Tripoli Harbor.[4]
- 1815 - Second Barbary War.[4]
- 1823 - Population: 15,000.[8]
- 1825 - August: Battle of Tripoli.
- 1834 - Gurgi Mosque built.[6]
- 1835 - Ottomans in power.[5][4]
- 1846 - Santa Maria degli Angeli church built.[2]
- 1858 - Arab demonstrations.[5]
- 1859 - Technical school established.[5]
- 1860 - Bab el-Jedid (gate) opens.[2]
- 1870 - Torre dell'Orologio built.[2]
- 1879 - Primary schools open.[5]
- 1882 - Population: 25,000.[5]
- 1883 - Royal Italian School opens.[5]
20th century
edit- 1911
- Italo-Turkish War
- Population: 29,869.[5]
- 1919 - Archaeological Museum established in the Red Castle
- 1924 - Lungomare Conte Volpi constructed.[9]
- 1925
- Tripoli Grand Prix begins.
- Grand Hotel built.[9]
- 1927 - Tripoli International Fair begins.
- 1928 - Tripoli Cathedral, Miramare Theatre,[10] and Bank of Italy building[11] constructed.
- 1929 - Governor's Palace built.[11]
- 1935 - Suq al-Mushir reconstructed.[10]
- 1937 - March: Mussolini visits city.[12][13]
- 1938
- Population: 108,240.
- Italian military airfield built.
- 1939 - 7 October Stadium built.
- 1943
- Allied forces in power; British occupation begins.
- British military airport Castel Benito in operation.
- 1944
- Al-Ittihad Sport, Cultural and Social Club formed.
- United States military base built at Wheelus Field.[14]
- 1950
- Al-Ahly Sports Club formed.
- Corriere del Lunedi founded.
- 1951 - City becomes capital of United Libyan Kingdom.
- 1953 - Almadina Sporting Club formed.
- 1964 - Population: 213,506.[15]
- 1973
- University of Tripoli established.
- Population: 551,477.[16]
- 1975 - Misurata-Tripoli highway constructed.[17]
- 1978
- Libyan Studies Center opens.
- Tripoli International Airport renovated.
- 1982
- June 11 Stadium opens.
- Grand Hotel Tripoli built.[6]
- 1986 - 15 April - Aerial bombing by United States forces.
- 1990 - That El Emad Towers built.
- 2000 - GMR Stadium opens.
21st century
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- 2011
- 17–25 February: Tripoli protests and clashes.
- 20–28 August: Battle of Tripoli.
- 11 October: Tripoli International Airport re-opens.
- 14 October: Tripoli clashes.
- Population: 1,127,000.[18]
- 2012 - General National Congress begins meeting in Ghabat Al Nasr Convention Centre.[citation needed]
- 2020 - Since January 6, 2020, GNA started entering the town, recapturing it from LNA.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Birley, Anthony R. (2002-06-01). Septimius Severus: The African Emperor. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-70746-1.
- ^ a b c d e f Baedeker 1911.
- ^ Khalid, Mahmud (2020). "Libya in the shadows of Islam.. How did Amr ibn al-Aas and his companions conquer Cyrenaica and Tripoli?". aljazeera (in Arabic). p. Ibn Abd al-Hakam: al-Maqrib, pp. 198, 199. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
Ibn Abd al-Hakam: al-Maqrib, pp. 198, 199
- ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Micara 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f "Tripoli". ArchNet. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
- ^ Henry Teonge (1825), The diary of Henry Teonge, chaplain on board His Majesty's ships Assistance, Bristol, and Royal Oak, anno 1675 to 1679, London: Charles Knight
- ^ Morse 1823.
- ^ a b Brian L. McLaren (2006), Architecture And Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya, University of Washington Press, ISBN 9780295985428, OL 10315132M, 0295985429
- ^ a b Henneberg 1994.
- ^ a b Mia Fuller (2007), Moderns abroad: architecture, cities, and Italian imperialism, London: Routledge, ISBN 9780415194631, 0415194636
- ^ Il Duce in Libia (in Italian). 1938.
- ^ Charles Burdett (2007), Journeys Through Fascism: Italian Travel-Writing between the Wars, Berghahn Books, ISBN 9781571815408, OL 12202623M, 1571815406
- ^ Harrison 1967.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
- ^ United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Sweco; Nordic Consulting Group (2003), Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links (PDF), vol. 2: Description of Corridors, African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
- ^ The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2015-09-10. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 2014-09-10.
Bibliography
edit- Ali Bey (1816), "Chapter 22 (Tripoli)", Travels of Ali Bey in Morocco, Tripoli, Cyprus, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, and Turkey, Between the Years 1803 and 1807, Philadelphia: John Conrad, OCLC 754174
- Richard Tully (1819), Letters Written During a Ten Years' Residence at the Court of Tripoli (3rd ed.), London: H. Colburn. v.1
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Tripoli", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse, OL 7216242M
- Josiah Conder (1830), "Tripoli", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
- R. Lambert Playfair (1889), Bibliography of the Barbary States, Part 1: Tripoli and the Cyrenaica, London, OCLC 12038289, OL 14046206M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - R. Lambert Playfair (1892), "Tripoli", Handbook to the Mediterranean (3rd ed.), London: John Murray
- Leo Africanus; John Pory (1896), "Tripolis in Barbarie", in Robert Brown (ed.), History and Description of Africa, vol. 3, London: Hakluyt Society, OCLC 2649691
- "Tripoli". Guide to the Western Mediterranean. London: Macmillan and Co. 1906.
- Keane, Augustus Henry; Cana, Frank Richardson (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 288–291.
- "Tripoli", The Mediterranean, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 490068
- Charles Wellington Furlong (1914), Gateway to the Sahara: Observations and Experiences in Tripoli (2nd ed.), New York: C. Scribner's Sons, OCLC 4904661, OL 6569158M
- "Tripoli". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1936. p. 814+. via Google Books
- Robert S. Harrison (1967). "Migrants in the City of Tripoli, Libya". Geographical Review. 57.
- Ward, Philip. 1969. Tripoli: Portrait of a City. Cambridge, England: The Oleander Press,
- Warfelli, Muhammad. 1976. The Old City of Tripoli. Art and Archaeology Research Papers.
- M. Brett (1986). "The City-State in Medieval Ifriqiya: the Case of Tripoli". Les Cahiers de Tunisie. 34.
- Krystyna von Henneberg (1994). "Tripoli: Piazza Castello and the Making of a Fascist Colonial Capital". In Zeynep Çelik; Diane Favro; Richard Ingersoll (eds.). Streets: Critical Perspectives on Public Space. University of California Press.
- Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Tripoli, Libya". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
- Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Tripoli". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Ludovico Micara (2008). "Ottoman Tripoli: a Mediterranean Medina". The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-9004162402.
- Ali Irhuma Abubrig (2016). "Urban Growth and Sustainability in Tripoli, Libya". University Bulletin. 18 (2). Libya: Al Zawiya University.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tripoli, Libya.
- "(Tripoli)" – via Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library. (Images, etc.)
- "(Tripoli)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Tripoli)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Tripoli)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 15 January 2019. (Bibliography)
- "(Tripoli)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Tripoli)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "Tripoli, Libya". BlackPast.org. USA. 3 September 2014.