The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Marrakesh, Morocco.
Prior to 20th century
edit- 1070 CE - Marrakesh founded by Abu Bakr ibn Umar[1]: 59–63 [2]: 83 [3][4][5]: 208 [6]: 22, 34 (or in 1062 according to some sources[7][8][9])
- 1117 - Almoravid Koubba built.
- 1126 - Ramparts built (approximate date).[9][10]
- 1129 - City besieged by Almohads.[11]
- 1132 - Masjid al-Siqaya (mosque) built (approximate date).[citation needed]
- 1147 - Almohads in power.[9]
- 1157 - Agdal Gardens laid out.[12]
- 1158 - Kutubiyya Mosque re-built.[10][7]
- 1182 - Scholar Al-Suhayli arrives in Marrakesh (approximate date).
- 1188 - Bab Agnaou (gate) built.
- 1190 - Kasbah Mosque completed.
- 1197 - New qasba built.[13]
- 1248 - Marinids in power.[11]
- 1288 - Abu Yaqub in power.[13]
- 1331 - Sidi Muhammad ibn Salih mosque built.[10]
- 1350 - Traveler Ibn Battuta visits city.
- 1525 - Saadians in power.[11]
- 1554 - Mohammed ash-Sheikh in power.[13]
- 1557 - Sidi’l-Jazuli hospice built.[14]
- 1565 - Ben Youssef Madrasa built.[12]
- 1572 - al-Muwassin mosque built.[10]
- 1593 - El Badi Palace built.[14][13]
- 1603 - Saadian Tombs built.[14]
- 1606 - City taken by forces of Abd Allah.[13]
- 1664 - 31 July: City taken by forces of Alaouite Al-Rashid of Morocco.[9]
- 1746 - Mohammed ben Abdallah in power.[9]
- 1900 - Bahia Palace built.[12]
20th century
edit
- 1906 - Population: 50,000 to 60,000. (estimate). [7]
- 1907 - Émile Mauchamp a French doctor, assassinated by a mob.[7]
- 1912
- Mauritanian Ahmed al-Hiba in power.[15]
- 6 September: Battle of Sidi Bou Othman occurs near city.
- September: City occupied by French forces.[13]
- Fort built.[16]
- 1919 - Guéliz area planned.[15]
- 1923
- Marrakesh railway station built.
- La Mamounia hotel in business.[17]
- Public library opens.[18]
- 1926 - Population: 149,263.[16]
- 1932 - Dar Si Said (museum) opens.[19]
- 1943 - Tower of the Koutoubia Mosque painted by Winston Churchill
- 1947
- Majorelle Garden opens.
- Kawkab Marrakech football club formed.
- 1948 - Mouloudia de Marrakech football club formed.
- 1951 - Population: 215,312.[20]
- 1973 - Population: 330,400 city; 436,300 urban agglomeration.[21]
- 1978 - Cadi Ayyad University established.
- 1985 - Medina of Marrakesh UNESCO World Heritage Site established.[22]
- 1987
- Marrakech Marathon begins.
- École supérieure de commerce de Marrakech (school) established.
- 1994
- August: Hotel shooting.
- Population: 745,541.[15]
- 1996 - Musée Bert-Flint (museum) opens.[citation needed]
- 2000 - École nationale des sciences appliquées de Marrakech established.
21st century
edit- 2004 - Population: 823,000.[13]
- 2005 - Marrakech Biennale begins.
- 2009 - Fatima-Zahra Mansouri becomes mayor.[23]
- 2011
- 28 April: 2011 Marrakesh bombing at Jemaa el-Fnaa.[24]
- Stade de Marrakech (stadium) opens.
- TEDx Marrakesh begins.[25]
- Population: 939,000.[26]
- 2014
- August: 2014 African Championships in Athletics held in city.
- Population: 978,045 (estimate).[27]
- 2015 - City becomes part of the Marrakesh-Safi administrative region.
- 2016 - November: 2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP22) held in city.
- 2022 - October: Consulate of Poland established (see also Morocco–Poland relations).[28]
- 2023 - September: A Mw 6.9 earthquake strikes Al Haouz Province; over 2,900 dies and the city's historic landmarks are destroyed.[29] Eighteen people dies in the city.[30]
See also
edit- History of Marrakesh
- Imperial cities of Morocco
- Timelines of other cities in Morocco: Casablanca, Fez, Meknes, Rabat, Salé, Tangier
- History of Morocco
References
edit- ^ Deverdun, Gaston (1959). Marrakech: Des origines à 1912. Rabat: Éditions Techniques Nord-Africaines.
- ^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521337674.
- ^ "Qantara - Les Almoravides (1056-1147)". www.qantara-med.org. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
- ^ Salmon, Xavier (2018). Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269. Paris: LienArt.
- ^ Wilbaux, Quentin (2001). La médina de Marrakech: Formation des espaces urbains d'une ancienne capitale du Maroc. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2747523888.
- ^ Bennison, Amira K. (2016). The Almoravid and Almohad Empires. Edinburgh University Press.
- ^ a b c d Britannica 1910.
- ^ M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Marrakesh". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911.
- ^ a b c d e Thomas K. Park; Aomar Boum (2006). "Marrakech". Historical Dictionary of Morocco (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6511-2.
- ^ a b c d Grove 2009.
- ^ a b c Hsain Ilahiane (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6490-0.
- ^ a b c "Morocco: Marrakech". Archnet. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g Bosworth 2007.
- ^ a b c "Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ a b c Miller 2005.
- ^ a b Brill 1927.
- ^ "36 Hours in Marrakesh", New York Times, December 2010
- ^ Lola Souad (1993). "Morocco". In Robert Wedgeworth (ed.). World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (3rd ed.). American Library Association. p. 585+. ISBN 978-0-8389-0609-5.
- ^ Katarzyna Pieprzak (2010). Imagined Museums: Art and Modernity in Postcolonial Morocco. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-4529-1520-3.
- ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Medina of Marrakesh". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ "Morocco: Celebrating the First Female Mayor of Marrakesh". Global Voices. 29 June 2009.
- ^ "Morocco Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ "TEDx Marrakesh". Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 10 September 2015. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014.
- ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
- ^ "Utworzenie Konsulatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Marrakeszu (Królestwo Marokańskie)" (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "'Fragile state': Fears for Marrakesh's ancient structures after earthquake". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- ^ "Morocco's Earthquake Death Toll Jumps to 2,497 Victims". Morocco World News. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
Bibliography
editin English
edit- Josiah Conder (1830), "City of Morocco", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
- Leo Africanus; John Pory (1896), "Citie of Maroco", in Robert Brown (ed.), History and Description of Africa, vol. 2, London: Hakluyt Society, OCLC 2649691 (written in 16th century)
- S. L. Bensusan (1904). Morocco. London: A & C Black. (includes Marrakesh)
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 753.
- "Marrakesh". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1927. p. 296+. ISBN 9004097961.
- James A. Miller (2005). "Marrakech". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 948. ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Marrakesh". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 319+. ISBN 978-9004153882.
- "History". Marrakech. Time Out. 2007. p. 12+. ISBN 978-1-84670-019-4.
- Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008). "Marrakesh". Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO. p. 246+.
- "Marrakesh". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-530991-1.
in French
edit- Paul Lambert (1868). "Notice sur la ville de Maroc". Bulletin de la Société de Géographie (in French). Paris.
- Ch. Brossard, ed. (1906). "Maroc: Description des villes: Merrakech". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. (+ table of contents)
- Maurice de Périgny (1918). Au Maroc; Marrakech. Collection les pays modernes (in French). P. S. Roger et cie.
- Jean-François Troin (1986). "Marrakech revisitée ou les villes dans la ville". Méditerranée (in French). 59 (4): 13–19. doi:10.3406/medit.1986.2423 – via Persee.fr.
- Jean-François Troin (1995). "Fès et Marrakech: Evolution comparée de deux capitales régionales marocaines". Cahiers de la Méditerranée (in French). 50: 149–169. doi:10.3406/camed.1995.1143 – via Persee.fr.
- "Chronologie". Marrakech (in French). Petit Futé. 2009. ISBN 9782746926042.
- Anne-Claire Kurzac-Souali (2011). "Marrakech, insertion mondiale et dynamiques socio-spatiales locales". Méditerranée (in French). 116 (116): 123–132. doi:10.4000/mediterranee.5441 – via Revues.org.
- Chloé Pellegrini (2016). "Parcours de petits entrepreneurs français à Marrakech" [French Entrepreneurs in Marrakesh]. Cahiers d'Études africaines (in French) (221–222) – via Revues.org.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marrakech.
- "(Articles related to Marrakech)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre.