Timeline of the 19th century


This is a timeline of the 19th century.

Napoleon's retreat from Russia in 1812. The war swings decisively against the French Empire.

1800s

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1801

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1802

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1803

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-document of ratification signed

1804

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1805

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1806

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  • 1806–1812
Russo-Turkish War, Treaty of Bucharest.
 
William Wilberforce (1759–1833), politician and philanthropist who was a British leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade.

1807

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1808

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1809

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1810s

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Puffing Billy, 1813 steam locomotive in England

1810

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1811

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1812

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French Empire on World 1812

1813

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1814

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The boundaries set by the Congress of Vienna, 1815.

1815

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1816

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1819: 29 January, Stamford Raffles arrives in Singapore with William Farquhar to establish a trading post for the British East India Company.

1817

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1818

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1819

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1820s

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1816: Shaka rises to power over the Zulu Kingdom. Zulu expansion was a major factor of the Mfecane ("Crushing") that depopulated large areas of southern Africa.

1820

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1821

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1822

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1823

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1824

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  • Premiere of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
  • Cadbury opens a chocolate shop in Birmingham, England.
  • Gibbons v. Ogden, a landmark decision in which the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the power to regulate interstate commerce encompassed the power to regulate navigation.
 
Decembrists at the Senate Square in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

1825

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1826

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The earliest saved photographic image (Heliograph on pewter plate) by Nicéphore Niépce, taken at Le Gras, France, in 1827.

1827

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1828

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1829

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1830s

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1830

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1831

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1832

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1833

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1834

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1835

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1836

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1837

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1838

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1839

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The Great Exhibition in London. Starting during the 18th century, the United Kingdom was the first country in the world to industrialise.
 
The Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War.

1840s

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1840

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  • 1840s: Oregon Trail as well as the Santa Fe Trail, Platte Road and Mormon Trail provided Westward mobility into California and Oregon. Motivations for use of such trails include market opportunity and escape from religious persecution.
  • 1840s: Railway Mania sweeps UK and Ireland.
  • New Zealand is founded, as the Treaty of Waitangi is signed by the Māori and British.
  • Upper and Lower Canada are merged into the Province of Canada.

1841

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1842

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1843

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1844

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1845

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1846

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  • 1846–1848: The Mexican–American War leads to Mexico's cession of much of the modern-day Southwestern United States.
  • 1846–1847: Mormon migration to Utah.
     
    Liberal and nationalist pressure led to the European revolutions of 1848.
  • The Wilmot Proviso unsuccessfully attempts to ban slavery in western territories acquired after the Mexican-American War.
  • The Oregon Treaty is signed between the United Kingdom and the United States, ceding the modern states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana, to the United States.
  • 1846–1878: Ultraconservative Pope Pius IX battles modernity

1847

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1848

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1849

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1850s

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1850

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1851

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1852

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After escaping from slavery in Maryland, Frederick Douglass became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, becoming famous for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings.

1853

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1854

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1855

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1856

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1857

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1858

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  • 1858–1947: British Empire in India lasts for 90 years.
  • Second Treaty of Kanagawa: Treaty would place low tariff on American goods further opening United States and Japanese relations.
  • Invention of the phonautograph, the first true device for recording sound.

1859

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The first vessels sail through the Suez Canal.

1860s

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Robert Koch discovered the tuberculosis bacilli. The disease killed an estimated 25 percent of the adult population of Europe during the 19th century.[7]
The first batch of recordings of audio Made in April 1860. The recordings include a tuning fork, Au clair de la lune, opening lines of Torquato Tasso's Aminta, vocal scale and Fly, little bee.[8]
 
David Livingstone, Scottish explorer and missionary in Africa.

1860

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1861

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1862

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1863

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1864

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1865

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1866

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1867

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1868

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1869

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From 1865 to 1870 Paraguay lost more than half of its population in the Paraguayan War against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.
 
Black Friday, 9 May 1873, Vienna Stock Exchange. The Panic of 1873 and Long Depression followed.

1870s

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1870

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1871

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1872

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1873

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1874

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1875

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1876

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1877

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1878

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1879

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1880s

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1880

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1881

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1882

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1883

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1884

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1885

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1886

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1887

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1888

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1889

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First motor bus in history: the Benz Omnibus, built in 1895 for the Netphener bus company.
 
Miners and prospectors ascend the Chilkoot Trail during the Klondike Gold Rush.
 
Studio portrait of Ilustrados in Europe, c. 1890

1890s

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1890

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1891

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1892

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1893

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1894

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1895

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1896

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1897

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1898

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1899

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1900

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References

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  1. ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica: Herman Willem Daendels". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
  2. ^ Oppenheimer, Clive (2003). "Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815". Progress in Physical Geography. 27 (2): 230–259. Bibcode:2003PrPG...27..230O. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra. S2CID 131663534.
  3. ^ Frederick Artz, Reaction and Revolution, 1814–1832 (1934)
  4. ^ John D. Post, "The economic crisis of 1816–1817 and its social and political consequences." Journal of Economic History 30.1 (1970): 248-250.
  5. ^ Spring Hermann (1997) "Geronimo: Apache freedom fighter". Enslow Publishers. p.26 ISBN 0-89490-864-2
  6. ^ a b Norton, Mary Beth (2015). A people & a nation : a history of the United States (Tenth edition, Student ed.). ISBN 978-1-133-31272-7. OCLC 890080129.
  7. ^ "Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009.
  8. ^ "The Phonautograms of Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville". www.firstsounds.org. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
  9. ^ "The Emancipation Proclamation". www.archives.gov. Retrieved 2024-08-14.
  10. ^ McPherson, J. M. (2014). "Emancipation Proclamation and Thirteenth Amendment". The Reader's companion to American history. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Archived from the original on 2018-11-06.
  11. ^ 13th Amendment
  12. ^ Hamdani, Sylviana (3 February 2010). "Taking a Train Trip Down Memory Lane in Indonesia". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d e Vickers (2005), page xii
  14. ^ Wahyu Ernawati: "Chapter 8: The Lombok Treasure", in Colonial collections Revisited: Pieter ter Keurs (editor) Vol. 152, CNWS publications. Issue 36 of Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden. CNWS Publications, 2007. ISBN 978-90-5789-152-6. 296 pages. pp. 186–203
  15. ^ "Dislike the Late Shift". Utah Digital Newspapers. Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 7 June 2024.

Further reading

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  • Grant, A. J. and Harold Temperley. Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (1789-1939) (1940) online
  • Langer, William, ed. An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed. 1973); highly detailed outline of events online
  • Murphy, Derrick. AS/A-level 19th & 20th century European & world history (2002) online
  • Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds. Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present (1970) online
  • Gladden, Rhodes. Kalispell Montana 59901. Call me at (406) 871 7070