This is a timeline of women's suffrage in North Dakota. Women's suffrage in North Dakota began while it was still part of the Dakota Territory. In 1879, women in the territory gained the right to vote in school meetings. Later, this was more formalized in 1883, providing women separate ballots for school issues. After North Dakota was a state, suffragists continued to work for full suffrage. A referendum on equal suffrage took place in 1914, but failed. In 1917, women gained the right to vote in municipal and presidential elections. On December 1, 1919, North Dakota became the 20th state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment.
19th century
edit1860s
edit
1868
- Enos Stutsman proposes a women's suffrage bill in the Dakota Territorial House.[1]
1870s
edit1872
- The Territorial Legislature nearly passes a full women's suffrage bill, losing by one vote.[2]
1879
- The Dakota Territory gives women the right to vote in school meetings.[2]
1883
- A change in the way people would vote on school issues disenfranchised many women voters in the territory.[2] The Territory wanted women to use separate ballots for school issues.[1]
1885
- John Pickler proposes a women's suffrage bill in the Territorial House, which passed. It is vetoed by Governor Gilbert A. Pierce.[2]
1887
- A school suffrage bill expanding the rights of women to vote for all kinds of school issues passes.[2]
- A full women's suffrage bill is proposed, but does not pass the territorial legislature.[3]
1888
- A call for a women's suffrage group was put out in Grand Forks.[4] On April 12, a meeting was held to form a women's suffrage group that had a packed crowd.[4]
1889
- After the Dakota territory is admitted as two states, two distinct women's suffrage movements emerge.[3]
1890s
edit1890
- August 4: In a special election, Sara E. B. Smith and Cora Smith Eaton both voted and their votes were considered valid.[5]
1893
- March 3: Elizabeth Preston Anderson speaks at the territorial legislature.[6]
- A bill was proposed to allow all taxpayers equal suffrage, but did not pass.[7]
1895
- November 14–15: The first state suffrage convention is held in Grand Forks.[4]
- A women's suffrage bill was proposed in the state legislature, but did not pass.[8]
1897
1898
1899
20th century
edit1900s
edit
1900
1901
- July 17: The Equal Suffrage Association of North Dakota holds its annual convention in Devil's Lake.[10]
1910s
edit1912
- February 4: Sylvia Pankhurst meets with suffragists at Mary Darrow Weible's home.[10]
- June 13: A state Votes for Women League is created.[10][11]
1913
- An amendment to the state constitution, the Cashel suffrage bill, is passed in the state legislature and must pass again in the next session to be approved.[12]
- October 18: The first Votes for Women convention is held in Fargo.[13]
1914
- The Woman Suffrage League of Bismarck is formed in 1914.[14]
- The North Dakota Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage is created in Fargo.[15]
- November 4: Vote for the women's suffrage bill takes place.[13] It does not pass.[16]
1915
- The Cashel suffrage bill does not pass a second time and fails.[17]
- June: State women's suffrage convention is held in Valley City.[16]
- October 10: State women's suffrage convention is held in Minot.[16]
1916
- October 13: State women's suffrage convention is held in Valley City.[18]
1917
- January 14: Senator Oscar Lindstrom introduced a Presidential and Municipal suffrage bill in the state legislature.[19] A bill to for a constitutional amendment for full suffrage to women in North Dakota was also introduced.[19] Both passed.[20]
- January 23: Governor Lynn Frazier signs the presidential and municipal suffrage bill into law and also signs the law about the amendment to the state constitution.[20]
- September 25–26: State women's suffrage convention is held in Bismarck.[18]
1919
1920
edit1920
- November: Most women are able to exercise their full rights to vote.[22]
1924
- The Indian Citizenship Act is passed, which should allow Native American women to vote.[22]
1950s
edit1958
- The state constitution no longer contains a provision that would only allow Native Americans to vote as long as they renounce their tribal affiliation two years before the election day.[23]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Handy-Marchello, Barbara (5 August 2020). "The road to women's voting rights in North Dakota". Williston Herald. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
- ^ a b c d e Anthony 1902, p. 543.
- ^ a b Anthony 1902, p. 544.
- ^ a b c Anthony 1902, p. 546.
- ^ Anthony 1902, p. 551.
- ^ "North Dakota votes for women timeline". Williston Herald. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-04-15.
- ^ a b c Anthony 1902, p. 548.
- ^ Anthony 1902, p. 549.
- ^ a b Anthony 1902, p. 547.
- ^ a b c Harper 1922, p. 501.
- ^ a b "North Dakota and the 19th Amendment". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
- ^ Carpenter & McEvers 2020, p. 490.
- ^ a b Harper 1922, p. 502.
- ^ "Suffragists in North Dakota". Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
- ^ "Was your grandmother a North Dakota suffragist?". Minot Daily News. 15 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
- ^ a b c Harper 1922, p. 503.
- ^ Carpenter & McEvers 2020, p. 491.
- ^ a b Harper 1922, p. 504.
- ^ a b Harper 1922, p. 506.
- ^ a b Harper 1922, p. 506-507.
- ^ Sisk, Amy R. (30 November 2019). "ND ratified 19th Amendment 100 years ago, granting women full voting rights". Grand Forks Herald. Retrieved 2021-04-11.
- ^ a b Carpenter & McEvers 2020, p. 492.
- ^ Sisk, Amy R. (30 November 2019). "A century of suffrage: ND ratified 19th Amendment 100 years ago, granting women full voting rights". Bismarck Tribune. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
Sources
edit- Anthony, Susan B. (1902). Anthony, Susan B.; Harper, Ida Husted (eds.). The History of Woman Suffrage. Vol. 4. Indianapolis: The Hollenbeck Press.
- Carpenter, Katie; McEvers, Lisa Fair (2020). "100 Years of Women's Suffrage: Celebrating Pilgrims on the Journey for Equality-One Step at a Time" (PDF). North Dakota Law Review. 95 (3): 475–494.
- Harper, Ida Husted (1922). The History of Woman Suffrage. New York: J.J. Little & Ives Company.