Tobol Tatars
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| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Languages | |
| Tobol-Irtysh dialect of Siberian Tatar, Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam, Shamanism |
The Tobol Tatars are a sub-group of Siberian Tatars[1] in Tyumen oblast. Tobol Tatars are settled along the rivers Irtysh, Tobol, Iset, Tura, Pyshma, Tavda, Noska, and Layma in Tyumen Oblast.[2] Their historical administrative center was the town of Qashliq.[3]
Groups
[edit]_LACMA_M.87.231.32.jpg)
They are divided into four local sub-groups:
- Aremzyan-Nadtsin Tatars. They assimilated local Khanty and Mansi tribes, and have possible ties with Teleuts. In the 17th century it included Tatar volosts, located along the Irtysh river north of Tobolsk up to the Turtas river. They are the most northern subgroup.
- Isker-Tobol Tatars. The group is located south of Tobolsk. The group is Yurtovsk Tatars, who were in military service. They are central subgroup, geographically speaking.
- Babasan Tatars. They inhabit part of the Tobol basin from the lower reaches of the Tavda to the Mirimov yurts, inhabited by Siberian Bukharans. The term comes from the name of the Babasan volosts, which were recorded from the end of the 16th century until the October Revolution. The Babasan Tatars lack Siberian Bukharan and Kazan Tatar admixture.
- Ishtyak-Tokuz Tatars. The group is named after two tribal groups of the Vagay river basin and Uvat swamps. They are the most eastern subgroup. Among them, the layer of southern Ugrians is more prominent, as well as their intermixing with the Isker-Tobol and Kurdak-Sargat Tatars.[4]
They are the most numerous group of Tobol-Irtysh Tatars and speak the Tobol variant of the Tobol-Irtysh dialect of the Siberian Tatar language, with Eastern Tobol (Tokuz-Uvat Tatar) subdialect of Ishtyak-Tokuz Tatars.[5]
Genetics
[edit]Distribution of major Y-DNA haplogroups:
- Isker-Tobol Tatars: R1a-Z93, Q-M242, N1c-LLY22g, N1c2b, H, R2, G2, J2, L.
- Ishtyak-Tokuz Tatars: Q-M242, R1a-Z93, N1c-LLY22g, O1b, I2a1, G2, C, R1b-M73.[6] The prevalence of Q-M242 haplogroup (subclade Q-L330) indicates that Ishtyak-Tokuz Tatars used to inhabit the Baraba steppe.[7]
References
[edit]- ↑ "Tatar encyclopedia. Tatars". Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ↑ Трофимова Т.А. Тобольские и барабинские татары // Труды Института этнографии АН СССР. Новая серия. М.-Л. : Изд-во АН СССР, 1947.
- ↑ Tataurov, Sergey (2017). "Аялынские татары, или о чём говорят деревья". Vestnik Omskogo universiteta (3): 168–175.
- ↑ https://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/pdf/44 Ethnic processes within the Turkic population of the West Siberian plain (sixteenth-twentieth centuries)
- ↑ Лит.: Валеев Ф. Т.-А., Томилов Н. А. Сибирские татары // Тюркские народы Сибири. М., 2006.
- ↑ Ponomarev, G.Yu.; Agdzhoyan, A.T.; Potanina, A.Yu.; Adamov, D.S.; Balanovskaya, Ye.V. (October 2024). "Genetic portraits of Khanty and Mansi based on the Y chromosome haplogroups in the context of gene pools of Russia". Vestnik Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta (in Russian) (5): 32–41. doi:10.24075/vrgmu.2024.044.
- ↑ Volkov, Vladimir (10 January 2020). "Волков В. Г., Тычинских З. А., Лавряшина М. Б., Балановская Е. В. Генофонд сибирских татар в контексте археологических и исторических данных" [Siberian Tatars' genetics in the context of archaeological and historical data]. Indigenous Peoples of Siberia: History, Traditions and Modernity. Materials of the Regional Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation (in Russian).
Literature
[edit]- Томилов Н.А. Этническая история тюркоязычного населения Западно-Сибирской равнины конца XVI – начала XX в. – Новосибирск: Изд-во Новосиб. ун-та, 1992. – 271 с.
- Мерзликин В.В. Тобольские татары: проблемы генезиса, семантики и типологии традиционных погребальных сооружений.