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Siberian Tatar or Seber (Siberian Tatar: Себерцә) is a Turkic language spoken by about 140,000 people[3] in Western Siberia, Russia, primarily in the oblasts of Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk but also in Tomsk and Kemerovo. According to Marcel Erdal, due to its particular characteristics, Siberian Tatar can be considered as a bridge to Siberian Turkic languages.
| Seber | |
|---|---|
| Себерцә, Татарца[1] | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan Oblasts (regions) |
| Ethnicity | Siberian Tatars |
Native speakers | 100,000 (2012)[2] |
Turkic
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Cyrillic | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sty |
| Glottolog | sibe1250 |
.jpg) Professor Gabdulkhay Akhatov. Map of the Tobol-Irtysh Dialect of the Siberian Tatars, 1965. | |
 Siberian Tatar is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Dialects
editSiberian Tatar consists of three dialects: Tobol-Irtysh, Baraba and Tom. According to D. G. Tumasheva, the Baraba dialect is grammatically closest to the southern dialect of Altai, Kyrgyz and has significant grammatical similarities with Chulym, Khakas, Shor, and Tuvan. The Tomsk dialect is, in her opinion, even closer to Altai and similar languages. The Tevriz sub-dialect of the Tobol-Irtysh dialect shares significant elements with the Siberian Turkic languages, namely with Altai, Khakas and Shor.
Although Gabdulkhay Akhatov was a Volga Tatar, he immersed into studying of the phonetic peculiarities of Siberian Tatar language of the indigenous population of Siberia, the Siberian Tatars. In his work "The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Akhatov wrote about Tobol-Irtysh Siberian Tatars, a western group of Siberian Tatars, who are indigenous to the Omsk and Tyumen Oblasts.
In his work "Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Gabdulkhay Akhatov wrote about a territorial resettlement of the Tobol-Irtysh Tatars Tyumen and Omsk areas. Subjecting a comprehensive integrated analysis of the phonetic system, the lexical composition and grammatical structure, the scientist concluded that the language of the Siberian Tatars is a separate language, it is divided into three dialects and it is one of the most ancient Turkic languages.[4] Professor G. Akhatov named Siberian Tatar dialects of Tyumen and Omsk Oblasts dialects of the West Siberian Tatars, while dialects of Baraba and Tom Tatars he named dialects of the East Siberian Tatars.
Some works further differentiate sub-dialects of three aforementioned dialects, breaking them down as follows:[5]
- Tobol-Irtysh dialect
- Tyumen sub-dialect (Tyumensky District, Yalutorovsky District, and Nizhnetavdinsky District of Tyumen Oblast)
- Tobol sub-dialect (Tobolsky District, Vagaysky District, Yarkovsky District of Tyumen Oblast)
- Eastern Tobol (Tokuz-Uvat) variety (Vagaysky District)
- Zabolotny sub-dialect (Tobolsky District and Nizhnetavdinsky District of Tyumen Oblast)
- Tevriz (Kurdak, Kurtak) sub-dialect (Tevrizsky District, Ust-Ishimsky District, Znamensky District of Omsk Oblast, plus some settlements in Tyumen Oblast's Vagaysky District)
- Tara sub-dialect (Tarsky District, Bolsherechensky District, Kolosovsky District of Omsk Oblast)
- Baraba dialect (spoken throughout the Baraba steppe)
- Tom dialect
- Eushtino-Chatsk (Tomsky District, Tomsk Oblast)
- Orsk Chat sub-dialect (Kolyvansky District, Novosibirsk Oblast)
- Kalmak (Yurginsky District, Kemerovo Oblast)
- Eushtino-Chatsk (Tomsky District, Tomsk Oblast)
Baraba and Tom dialects of Siberian Tatar language belong to Kyrgyz–Kipchak subdivision of Turkic languages, together with Kyrgyz, Southern Altai, Teleut, and Telengit. Tobol-Irtysh dialect belongs to Kipchak–Nogai subdivision of Turkic languages, which also includes Nogai, Karagash, steppe dialect of Crimean Tatar, Kazakh, Karakalpak, and Kipchak dialects of Uzbek.[5]
Phonology
editVowels
edit| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | и /i/ | ү /y/ | у /u/ | |
| Mid | е /e/ | ө /ø/ | о /o/ | ы /ɤ/ |
| Open | ә /æ/ | а /a/ | ||
Consonants
edit| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Uvular | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n/ | (ң /ŋ/) | ң /ɴ/ | |
| Plosive | п /p/ | т /t/ | к /k/ | ҡ /q/ | |
| Fricative | б /β/ | с /s/ | ш /ʃ/ | г /ɣ/ | ғ /ʁ/ |
| Affricate | ц /t͡s/ | ||||
| Trill | р /r/ | ||||
| Approximant | в /w/ | л /l/ | й /j/ |
Alphabet
editSiberian Tatar alphabet and IPA pronunciation:[6]
| Letter | Pronunciation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| А а | [a] | |
| Ә ә | [æ] | |
| Б б | [b]; [β] | |
| В в | [v]; [w] | |
| Г г | [ɡ]; [ɣ] | |
| Ғ ғ | [ɣ] | |
| Д д | [d] | |
| Е е | [e] | Also [je] in Russian loanwords |
| Ё ё | [jo] | used in Russian loanwords |
| Ж ж | [ʒ]; [ʑ] | |
| З з | [z] | |
| И и | [i] | |
| Й й | [j] | |
| К к | [k] | |
| Ҡ ҡ | [q] | |
| Л л | [l] | |
| М м | [m] | |
| Н н | [n] | |
| Ң ң | [ŋ] | |
| О о | [ʊ̞]; [o] | |
| Ө ө | [ø] | |
| П п | [p] | |
| Р р | [ɾ]; [r] | |
| С с | [s] | |
| Т т | [t] | |
| У у | [u]; [w] | ул – ul; уаҡыт – uaqıt [waqıt] |
| Ү ү | [y]; [w] | күреү – küreü [kürew] |
| Ф ф | [f] | |
| Х х | [χ] | |
| Ц ц | [t͡s] | |
| Ч ч | [tʃ]; [tɕ] | |
| Ш ш | [ʃ]; [ɕ] | |
| Щ щ | [ɕɕ] | Only in Russian loanwords |
| Ъ ъ | [-] | Only in Russian loanwords |
| Ы ы | [ɤ]; [ɯ] | |
| Ь ь | [ʲ] | Only in Russian loanwords |
| Э э | [e] | The Cyrillic letter "э" in Siberian Tatar words is used only at the beginning of the word. |
| Ю ю | [ju] | used in Russian loanwords |
| Я я | [ja] | used in Russian loanwords |
References
edit- ^ Миңнуллин, К.М.; Хисамов, О.Р.; Дәүләтшина, Л.Ш., eds. (2021). Милли-мәдәни мирасыбыз (in Tatar) (2nd ed.). Казан. ISBN 978-5-93091-341-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Seber at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "СИБИРСКО-ТАТАРСКИЙ ЯЗЫК • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия". old.bigenc.ru. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ Gabdulkhay Akhatov. The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars. Ufa, 1963, 195 p. (in Russian)
- ^ a b "Сибирскотатарский язык | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
- ^ "Siberian Tatar language and alphabet". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
Bibliography
edit- Сагидуллин, Максим (2008). Фонетика и графика современного сибирскотатарского языка (in Russian). Тюмень: Искер. ISBN 9785875911293.
- Сагидуллин, Максим (2014). Грамматика современного сибирскотатарского языка (in Russian). Тюменский дом печати. ISBN 9785875912368.
- Сагидуллин, Максим (2010). Русско–сибирскотатарский словарь / Урысца–себертатарца сүслек (in Russian and Siberian Tatar). Тюмень: Мандр и Ка. ISBN 978-5930204414.
