Triacanthodes is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These fishes are found found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
| Triacanthodes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Triacanthodes anomalus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Triacanthodidae |
| Subfamily: | Triacanthodinae |
| Genus: | Triacanthodes Bleeker, 1857 |
| Type species | |
| Triacanthus anomalus | |
Taxonomy
editTriacanthodes was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1857 by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker, with Triacanthus anomalus designated as its type species.[1] T. anomalus was first formally described in 1850 by Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel, who gave its type locality as the entrance to Ōmura Bay in Nagasaki, Japan.[2] It is the type genus of the subfamily Triacanthodinae and of the family Triacanthodidae. The subfamily Triacanthodinae was proposed in 1968 by James C. Tyler.[3] The fifth edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Triacanthodidae in the suborder Triacanthoidei in the order Tetraodontiformes.[4]
Etymology
editTriacanthodes suffixes -odes, meaning "having the form of", onto Triacanthus, as it was though that this genus was closely related to Triacanthus.[5]
Species
editTriacanthodes currently includes 4 recognised species:[6][7]
- Triacanthodes anomalus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) (red spikefish)
- Triacanthodes ethiops Alcock, 1894 (shortsnout spikefish)
- Triacanthodes indicus Matsuura, 1982
- Triacanthodes intermedius Matsuura & Fourmanoir, 1984
Characteristics
editTriacanthodes spikefishes the spines in the dorsal fin which become slightly shorter from the front to the back. The snout is shorter then the length of the remainder of the head and there are large conical teeth in the jaws arranged in a single series but with up to six additional inner teeth. The ventral surface of the pelvis is covered in scales and tapers to a point at its rear. The width of the pelvis between the pelvic fins is between 3 and 5 times that of the length of the pelvic fins.[8] These are small fishes, the largest species is T. anomalus with a maximum published standard length of 10 cm (3.9 in).[6]
Distribution
editTriacanthodes spikefishes are found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans where they range from the Western Indian Ocean off East Africa east to the western Pacific Ocean around Australia and New Caledonia, north to Japan and Korea.[7]
References
edit- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Triacanthodidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Triacanthodes". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- ^ Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (27 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families TRIODONTIDAE, TRIACANTHIDAE, TRIACANTHODIDAE, DIODONTIDAE and TETRAODONTIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Triacanthodes". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ a b Matsuura, K. (2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". Ichthyological Research. 62 (1): 72–113. Bibcode:2015IchtR..62...72M. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5.
- ^ Keiichi Matsuura (2022). "Tetraodontiformes". In Phillip C. Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David E. Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E. Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). pp. 406–485.