Triacanthodinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This subfamily comprises nine genera and a total of nineteen species and all, except one species, are found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. The exception is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
| Triacanthodinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Triacanthodes anomalus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Triacanthodidae |
| Subfamily: | Triacanthodinae Gill, 1862 |
| Genera | |
|
see text | |
Taxonomy
editTriacanthodinae is the nominate subfamily of the family Triacanthodidae, a taxon name first proposed by the American biologist Theodore Gill in 1862.[1] In 1968 the American ichthyologist James C. Tyler proposed that the family Triacanthodidae be split into two subfamilies, establishing the subfamily Hollardiinae for the genera Hollardia and Parahollardia.[2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the family Triacanthodidae in the suborder Triacanthoidei along with the family Triacanthidae, the triplefins.[3]
Etymology
editTriacanthodinae is a name based on its type genus Triacanthodes. which appends -odes, meaning "is similar to", onto Triacanthus, a genus these fishes were thought to be clsoley related to.[4]
Genera and species
editTriacanthodinae contains the following genera and species:[2][5]
- Atrophacanthus Fraser-Brunner, 1950
- Atrophacanthus japonicus (Kamohara, 1941)
- Bathyphylax Myers 1934
- Bathyphylax bombifrons Myers, 1934
- Bathyphylax omen Tyler, 1966
- Bathyphylax pruvosti Santini, 2006
- Halimochirurgus Alcock, 1899
- Halimochirurgus alcocki Weber, 1913
- Halimochirurgus centriscoides Alcock, 1899
- Johnsonina Myers, 1934
- Johnsonina eriomma Myers, 1934
- Macrorhamphosodes Fowler, 1934
- Macrorhamphosodes platycheilus Fowler. 1934
- Macrorhamphosodes uradoi (Kamohara, 1933)
- Mephisto Tyler, 1966
- Mephisto albomaculosus Matsuura, Psomadakis & Tun, 2018
- Mephisto fraserbrunneri Tyler, 1966
- Paratriacanthodes Fowler, 1934
- Paratriacanthodes abei Tyler, 1997
- Paratriacanthodes herrei Myers, 1934
- Paratriacanthodes retrospinis Fowler, 1934
- Triacanthodes Bleeker, 1857
- Triacanthodes anomalus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)
- Triacanthodes ethiops Alcock, 1894
- Triacanthodes indicus Matsuura, 1982
- Triacanthodes intermedius Matsuura & Fourmanoir, 1984
- Tydemania Weber, 1913
- Tydemania navigatoris Weber, 1913
Characteristics
editTriacanthodinae spikefishes are distinguished from the taxa in the subfamily Hollardiinae by the possession of a low, thin crest on the front of the supraoccipital and in having a flat, horizontal basin-like projection to the plevic bone.[2] The largest species in the subfamily is Halimochirurgus alcocki with a maximum published standard length of 21.6 cm (8.5 in) while the smallest is Atrophacanthus japonicus which has a maximum published standard length of 4.4 cm (1.7 in).[5]
Distribution and habitat
editTriacanthodinae spikefishes are mainly found in the Indo-Pacific region, with one species Johnsonina eriomma in the Western Atlantic Ocean.[5] These benthic fishes are found in deeper water.[3]
References
edit- ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
- ^ a b c Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
- ^ a b Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (21 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families TRIODONTIDAE, TRIACANTHIDAE, TRIACANTHODIDAE, DIODONTIDAE and TETRAODONTIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Triacanthodidae". FishBase. June 2024 version.