Wikipedia

Accession of Ukraine to the European Union

(Redirected from Ukrainian EU membership)
For a broader perspective on relations between the European Union and Ukraine, see Ukraine–European Union relations.
See also: Russo-Ukrainian War

On 28 February 2022, four days after it was invaded by Russia, Ukraine applied for membership of the European Union (EU). Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy requested immediate admission under a "new special procedure",[2] and the presidents of eight EU states called for an accelerated accession process.[3] European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen stated that she supports Ukrainian accession, but that the process would take time.[2] On 10 March 2022, the Council of the European Union asked the commission for its opinion on the application.[4] On 8 April 2022, von der Leyen presented Zelenskyy with a legislative questionnaire,[5] which Ukraine responded to on 9 May.[6]

Accession of Ukraine to the European Union
StatusCandidate negotiating
Earliest possible entry2030[citation needed]
Application
European perspective18 April 2014[1]
Membership application28 February 2022
Candidate status23 June 2022
Screened & negotiations commence25 June 2024
Chapters open0
Chapters closed0
Memberships & Treaties
Association Agreement
Economic and monetary policy
Travel
Energy
Foreign and military policy
Human rights and international courts
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Impact (27+1)
Population446,828,803480,261,258
Area4,233,262 km2
1,634,472 mi2		4,717,762 km2
1,867,534 mi2
HDI0.896
GDP (PPP)$25.399 trillion
GDP per capita (PPP)$56,928
GDP$17.818 trillion
GDP per capita$39,940
Gini30.0
Official Languages24Ukrainian
Increase 1

On 17 June 2022, the European Commission recommended that the European Council grant Ukraine candidate status for accession to the EU.[7][8] On 23 June 2022, the European Parliament adopted a resolution calling for the immediate granting of candidate status for EU membership to Ukraine.[9][10] On the same day, the European Council granted Ukraine the status of a candidate for accession to the EU.[11] It is one of nine current EU candidate countries, together with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Turkey.

On 14 December 2023, the European Council decided to open accession negotiations with Ukraine.[12] Accession negotiations officially opened on 25 June 2024, at the same time as those with Moldova.[13][14] This signified another milestone in this country's ongoing efforts to align more closely with Western nations and diminish Russia's influence.[15]

Chronology of relations with the European Union

edit
Main article: Ukraine–European Union relations
 
The flag used by activists in the Euromaidan protests

The European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement was signed in 2014 after a series of events that had stalled its ratification culminated in a revolution in Ukraine and overthrow of the then incumbent President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych.[16] The Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with Ukraine came into force on 1 September 2017 after being provisionally applied since 1 January 2016,[17] and the Association Agreement fully came into force on 1 September 2017.[18] On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, leading to the membership application.

 
  European Union member states
  European Union member states supporting accelerated membership for Ukraine[19][20]
  European Union member states supporting accelerated granting of candidate status to Ukraine
  Ukraine
  Ukraine (Russian-occupied Ukrainian territories, from before 24 February 2022)
Timeline
Date Event
1991 Declaration of the European Union on Ukraine.
1992 The first Ukraine-EU summit.
1993 An agreement was signed between the European Communities and Ukraine on trade in textile products, the opening of a representative office of the Commission of the European Communities in Ukraine.
1994 The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ratified the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between Ukraine and the EU.
1995 The first meeting of the Joint Committee Ukraine - EU, the establishment of the Representation of Ukraine to the European Communities.
1996 The European Union has recognized Ukraine's status as a country in transition. The Council of the European Union has adopted an action plan for Ukraine.
1997 An agreement on trade in steel products was signed between the European Coal and Steel Community and the Government of Ukraine.
1998 Entry into force of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, Ukraine has officially declared its desire to become an associate member of the EU, adopted a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On the introduction of a mechanism for adapting Ukrainian legislation to European Union.[21]
1999 The EU has reaffirmed its intention to facilitate Ukraine's accession to the World Trade Organization and the launch of a free trade area between Ukraine and the EU.
2005 The Council of the European Union has granted Ukraine the status of a market economy country, another summit.
5 March 2007 Negotiations have begun to conclude a new enhanced agreement to replace the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.
2008 Entry into force of visa facilitation and readmission agreements between Ukraine and the EU.
7 May 2009 Ukraine became a member of the EU's Eastern Partnership initiative
16 June 2009 During the meeting of the EU-Ukraine Cooperation Council, the "EU-Ukraine Association Agenda" was politically approved.
25 February 2010 The European Parliament has approved a resolution on the situation in Ukraine, which, in particular, recognizes Ukraine's right to join the European Union. The European Commission is also given a mandate to work on a "road map" for visa-free travel between Ukraine and EU countries.[22]
2013 A joint statement was adopted at the Brussels summit stating that Ukraine is "determined to comply" with EU conditions so that the parties can sign the Association Agreement and the Free Trade Area.
21 November 2013 The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has decided to suspend the process of preparation for the signing of the Association Agreement with the European Union, as a result of which mass demonstrations began across the country against the suspension of the European integration process — Euromaidan.[23][24] On November 24, a mass protest took place in Kyiv, attended by more than a million people.[25]
21 March 2014 The political part of the European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement was signed in Brussels with the participation of Prime Minister Arsenii Yatseniuk.
27 June 2014 The fifth President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed the second (economic) part of the Association Agreement with the European Union.
16 September 2014 The European Parliament ratified the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union simultaneously with the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (via a teleconference via Skype).
1 November 2014 The provisional application of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union has entered into force.
13 February 2017 The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ratified the Agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the European Union on Ukraine's participation in the COSME program.
13 July 2017 The Ukraine-EU summit in Kyiv completed the ratification process of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union and the entry into force of the visa-free regime between Ukraine and the European Union.[26]
9 July 2018 The 20th anniversary Ukraine-EU Summit took place.[27]
12 October 2021 An agreement on the Common Aviation Area was signed at the Ukraine-EU summit in Kyiv.[28]
28 February 2022 The sixth President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky signed an application for Ukraine's accession to the European Union under the "accelerated procedure".
1 March 2022 The European Parliament almost unanimously voted in favor of the resolution, which called on the European Union institutions to work to give Ukraine candidate status for membership in the European Union.[29]
16 March 2022 NPC Ukrenergo, the system operator of the power grid, NPC Ukrenergo together with its European colleagues completed the integration with the Synchronous grid of Continental Europe and became part of ENTSO-E.[30]
25 March 2022 During the informal summit of the European Union, Member States supported Ukraine's European aspirations and invited the European Commission to provide its conclusions on the application for EU membership.[31]
8 April 2022 The President of the European Commission handed over a questionnaire to Ukraine to obtain candidate status.
17 April 2022 Ukraine responded to the first part of the questionnaire.
9 May 2022 Ukraine responded to the second and final part of the questionnaire.
17 June 2022 The European Commission recommended granting candidate status to Ukraine.[32]
23 June 2022 The European Council granted Ukraine the status of a candidate for accession to the European Union.[11]
8 November 2023 The European Commission recommended opening accession negotiations with Ukraine.[33]
14 December 2023 The European Council has decided to open accession negotiations with Ukraine.[34]
25 January 2024 Start of screening
21 June 2024 The European Union has decided to start membership negotiations with Ukraine.[13][35][36]
25 June 2024 Start of membership negotiations[13]

2002–2005

edit

On 12 January 2002, the European Parliament noted that Ukraine may enter the EU in the future.[37] In 2002, EU Enlargement Commissioner Guenther Verheugen said that "the European perspective for Ukraine does not necessarily mean membership in the next 10-20 years, although it is possible." To join the European Union, the applicant state must meet the political and economic conditions commonly known as the Copenhagen Criteria (adopted at the Copenhagen Summit in 1993), namely a democratic government that recognizes the rule of law and relevant freedoms and institutions. According to the Maastricht Treaty, each current Member State, as well as the European Parliament, must agree on any enlargement.

Obtaining the status of a full member of the EU as a strategic goal of Ukraine was first declared by President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko immediately after his election in early 2005.[38] On 13 January 2005, the European Parliament almost unanimously (467 in favor, 19 against) adopted a resolution on the European Parliament's intentions to converge with Ukraine on membership. The European Commission notes that, although a certain preparatory period has yet to pass, the admission of new members is not ruled out. To which President Yushchenko responded with his intention to apply for membership "in the near future."

Several influential EU leaders at the time expressed support for improving ties with Ukraine. In particular, Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rotfeld stated on 21 March 2005 that Poland would support Ukraine's European integration aspirations under any circumstances. In particular, he said: "At this stage, we should focus on concrete steps of cooperation instead of empty talks about pan-European cooperation." Three days later, a survey in the six largest EU countries showed the commitment of EU citizens to accept Ukraine as a full member in the future.

In October 2005, European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso said that "Ukraine's future is in the EU." However, on 9 October 2005, the European Commission, in a new version of the Development Strategy Paper, stated that the implementation of enlargement plans (Croatia and the former Yugoslav Republics) could block the accession of Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova. Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn said the EU should avoid "too much enlargement", stressing that the current enlargement plan looks complete.[39]

Although Ukrainian officials and political scientists mentioned several specific dates for possible membership, only Ukraine's European Neighborhood Policy has been officially proposed to Ukraine by the EU so far. The presidential administration has been critical of the proposed status of neighborhood relations.

2007–2014

edit

In March 2007, Ukraine was offered a Free Trade Agreement with the EU. Although this proposal provoked a much stronger reaction from the Ukrainian state, it did not contain specific plans for Ukraine's accession to the EU in the near future. Some Western European politicians have spoken of the temporary "fatigue of enlargement" of European institutions. Ukrainian observers identify the so-called "resistance group" of Ukraine's accession to the EU. In particular, when concluding the text of the Enhanced Agreement between Ukraine and the EU in March 2007, references to the prospect of membership were excluded from it. "Any mention of the prospect of Ukraine's accession to the European Union has been excluded from the draft enhanced Ukraine-EU agreement due to France's position," wrote the influential German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Italy's position depends on the domestic political situation of this country. Thus, during the election campaign in this country, the government of Silvio Berlusconi gave diplomatic signals that he was ready to support Ukraine's European integration aspirations. His political opponent Romano Prodi, on the other hand, said that "Ukraine's prospects for joining the EU are the same as in New Zealand."

According to the Eastern Partnership policy, Ukraine can become a member of the European Union.[40] On 27 February 2014 the European Parliament passed a resolution that recognized Ukraine's right to "apply to become a Member of the Union, provided that it adheres to the principles of democracy, respects fundamental freedoms and human and minority rights, and ensures the rule of law".[41][42] The European Parliament notes that in accordance with Article 49 of the Treaty with the EU, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, like any other European country, have a European perspective and can apply for EU membership in accordance with the principles of democracy, - said in a resolution of the European Parliament in Brussels, adopted at the last session before the elections to the European Parliament, which took place on 23–25 May 2014.[43] 27 June 2014 The President of the European Commission Jose Manuel Barroso stated that the Association Agreement is the beginning of Ukraine's accession to the EU.[44] On the same day, EU Enlargement Commissioner Stefan Fuele stated that he believed in Ukraine's future membership in the EU.[45]

2014–2024

edit

In March 2016, President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker stated that it would take at least 20–25 years for Ukraine to join the EU and NATO.[46] In June 2018, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko said he expects Ukraine will join the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation by 2030.

On 21 February 2019, the Constitution of Ukraine was amended to enshrine the norms on the strategic course of Ukraine for membership in the European Union and NATO in the preamble of the Basic Law, three articles and transitional provisions.[47][48]

At the X session of the Ukraine–Poland–Lithuania Interparliamentary Assembly, which ended on 8 June 2019 in Kyiv, the parties signed a final document containing an agreement on the strategy of 2025 and 2027 as a period for Ukraine's possible accession to the EU. In 2027, when Lithuania will hold the EU presidency for the second time, the issue of Ukraine will be the main issue on the agenda. If this opportunity is not used, the next "window" will open in 2039, when Poland will preside over the EU and Lithuania will preside only in 2041.[49]

On 23 July 2020, Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine created a tripartite platform for political, economic, cultural and social cooperation - the Lublin Triangle, which aims to support Ukraine's integration into the EU and NATO.

In February 2021, the leader of the presiding Christian Democratic Union of Germany, Armin Laschet, who was considered a likely successor to Angela Merkel as Chancellor of Germany, supported the idea of EU enlargement and giving Ukraine a European perspective:[50]

"The question of Ukraine's accession to the EU does not arise at the moment, but it will inevitably arise in the future. We must support Ukraine on its difficult path and at the same time open a European perspective."

Quite a few experts believe that in times of deteriorating relations between Russia and the EU,[51] Ukraine has a window of opportunity to join the European Union. Pavlo Klimkin noted that Ukraine still does not meet any criteria for joining the European Union, as it does not have an established democracy, rule of law and a full-fledged market economy. According to him, the first chance was lost in early 2005, when Yushchenko was persuaded not to apply, and in 2014, it was much more difficult to do so.[52]

On 11 February 2021, the European Parliament published a report on Ukraine's success in implementing the Association Agreement with the European Union. The document highlights both the main successes of Ukraine on this path, as well as failures or moments that hinder the reform process in the country. In general, the European Union is not yet ready to officially talk about the prospects of Ukraine's accession to the ranks of member states, but Ukraine's European perspective is recognized.[53] In 2021, Ukraine was preparing to formally apply for EU membership in 2024, in order to join the European Union in the 2030s.[54]

On 13 September 2023, during her State of the European Union address, President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen stated that the future of Ukraine was "in our Union".[55]

On 14 December 2023, the European Council decided to open accession negotiations with Ukraine.[56]

On 21 June 2024, the European Union agreed to start membership negotiations with Ukraine.[13]

Application

edit
 
Signing of the application for accession to the EU, 28 February 2022

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, there were additional calls to start a formal accession process: Ukraine reiterated its desire to become a member of the union,[57] and European Commission president von der Leyen stated that Ukraine belongs in the European Union.[58] Slovak prime minister Eduard Heger expressed support for an accelerated accession process.[59]

On 26 February 2022, Polish president Andrzej Duda called for Ukraine's accelerated accession to the EU. On 27 February, Slovenian prime minister Janez Janša, together with Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki, proposed a plan for Ukraine's rapid integration into the EU by 2030 in a letter to European Council president Charles Michel. Slovakian prime minister Eduard Heger also proposed to the EU to create a new special procedure for Ukrainian accession, in order to help Ukraine get back on its feet and recover from the war in the future.

On 28 February, Ukraine officially submitted a letter of application for membership.[2] Due to the ongoing crisis, President Zelenskyy requested immediate admission to the European Union under a special procedure.[2][60] On the same day, eight EU states signed a letter supporting an accelerated accession process for Ukraine,[19] and on 1 March, Hungarian foreign minister Péter Szijjártó stated his country would also support an accelerated process.[20] On 1 March, the European Parliament, following a debate in which the President of Ukraine addressed and received applause, recommended that Ukraine be made an official candidate for EU membership.[61] The European Parliament voted to advance Ukraine's membership with 637 in favour, 13 against, and 26 abstained.[62][63]

On 1 March, the presidents of eight EU member states (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) signed an open letter calling on Ukraine to be given the prospect of EU membership and start the process of negotiations immediately.[64] On the same day, Hungarian foreign minister Péter Szijjártó called for Ukraine's accelerated accession to the European Union.

On 2 March, Spanish foreign minister José Manuel Albares stated that "belonging to the EU is not a capricious process or one that can be done by a mere political decision", reminding that the candidate country "must meet certain social, political and economic standards".[65]

On 7 March, the EU said it will formally assess Ukraine's application[66] and on 10 March, the Council of the European Union asked the commission for its opinion on the application.[4]

On 9 March, the Polish Senate adopted a resolution calling on the countries of the European Union to support the accelerated process of Ukraine's accession to the EU with 93 votes in favor. "Ukrainian society has undoubtedly proved that it is ready to be part of a united Europe and ready to pay with blood for devotion to European values. Ukrainian soldiers, defending the borders of their country, protect the whole of Europe," the document reads.

 
Presentation of the EU membership questionnaire on 8 April 2022, by the President of the European Commission von der Leyen and the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

On 8 April, Commission President von der Leyen, after visiting Bucha in the aftermath of a massacre there, visited Kyiv and met with President Zelenskyy. Von der Leyen presented Zelenskyy with the legislative questionnaire to begin Ukraine's application and offered to fast-track the process.[5] Borrell announced that the EU delegation to Ukraine, headed by Matti Maasikas, will return to Kyiv after it was evacuated at the outbreak of war.[67] On 17 April, Ukraine responded to the first part of the legislative questionnaire,[68] while it responded to the second and final part on 9 May.[6]

Candidacy

edit

According to Olha Stefanishyna, the Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration, three EU countries opposed granting candidate status to Ukraine; according to Bloomberg, the Netherlands and Denmark were two of them. Germany offered to give Ukraine a conditional status, under promises to fulfill certain requirements.[69]

On 29 May, in order to support Ukraine's accession to the EU, in particular to obtain the status of a candidate for membership in the European Union,[70] the Government of Ukraine launched a communication campaign "Embrace Ukraine. Strengthen the Union" set for 25–26 June.[71][72]

After a meeting with Volodymyr Zelenskyy on 16 June in Kyiv, the leaders of Germany, Italy, Romania and France called for immediate candidate status for EU membership for Ukraine.[73] Federal Chancellor of Germany Olaf Scholz noted that Ukraine's further movement into the EU, if all countries agree to grant it candidate status, depends on its own efforts.[74] Separately, French President Emmanuel Macron explained that the visit to Ukraine of the leaders of the three largest EU economies - Germany, Italy and France, as well as the President of Romania was aimed at creating unanimity in the European Union regarding Ukraine's first step towards accession, which is the granting of candidate status: it was accepted the decision to grant Ukraine candidate status without additional conditions, but then to impose conditions on reforms at all subsequent stages.[75]

On 17 June, Foreign Minister Jeppe Kofod said that the Danish government is ready to support granting Ukraine candidate status for EU accession if the European Commission provides a positive recommendation.[76] The Netherlands on the same day appealed to the European Commission with a call to carefully prescribe the conditions for Ukraine's further approach to EU membership. In particular, the European Commission is called upon to prescribe in its conclusion what reforms Ukraine will have to implement in the future. The Netherlands provided a detailed description of what they consider to be the essential criteria.[77][78]

 
The flag of Europe being brought into the hall of the Verkhovna Rada on 1 July 2022. The event shares similar connotations with the introduction of the flag of Ukraine after the country's declaration of independence.

Also on 17 June, the European Commission recommended that the European Council grant Ukraine the perspective to become a member of the European Union and candidate status for accession.[7][8][32] Simultaneously with the recommendation to approve the candidate status, the Commission listed seven required reforms to be implemented by Ukraine:[79]

  1. Reform of the Constitutional Court;
  2. Continuation of judicial reform;
  3. Anti-corruption, including the appointment of the head of the SAPO;
  4. Anti-money laundering;
  5. Implementation of the anti-oligarchic law, including recommendations of the Venice Commission;
  6. Harmonization of audio-visual media legislation with that of the European Union;
  7. Change in legislation on national minorities.

On 23 June, the European Parliament adopted a resolution calling for the immediate granting of candidate status for membership of the European Union to Ukraine and Moldova, as well as to support the European perspective for Georgia.[9][10] On the same day, the European Council granted Ukraine the status of a candidate for accession to the European Union,[11] contingent on meeting the seven required reforms.[80]

Progress on seven required reforms
Criterion Jun 2023[81] Nov 2023[82]: 9–11 
1. Constitutional Court Good progress Completed
2. Judicial governance Completed Completed
3. Anti-corruption Some progress Good progress
4. Anti-money laundering Some progress Completed
5. De-oligarchisation Some progress Good progress
6. Media legislation Completed Completed
7. National minorities Some progress Good progress

At first, the European Commission committed to assess completion of the seven criteria at the end of 2022, after which the next steps will be defined. The Ukrainian government pledged that it would complete the seven requirements by the end of autumn 2022. However, the European Council indicated this assessment would be considered at the next annual enlargement package in October 2023. By November 2022, the Commission had still not started its assessment of the criteria. The second independent Candidate Check assessment, by a group including the New Europe Center and European Pravda, assessed progress at 4.7/10.[83][84] In December, the Commission agreed to present a "preliminary assessment" of the seven requirements by spring 2023.[85]

In his speech in Moldova on 28 March 2023, Charles Michel, President of the European Council, stated that he hoped they would be able to open accession negotiations with Ukraine and Moldova by the end of the year.[86]

On 22 June, EU Neighbourhood and Enlargement Commissioner Olivér Várhelyi provided an oral update on Ukraine's progress toward the seven reforms.[81][87] On 22 September, the fifth Candidate Check assessment was released, rating Ukraine's progress on the seven reforms at 8.1/10.[88] The 2023 enlargement package report, released by the European Commission on 8 November, provided another update on Ukraine's progress towards these reforms, with four of the seven criteria assessed as having been completed.[82]

Negotiations

edit

On 2 February 2023, the European Commission published an analytical report on Ukraine's alignment with the EU acquis, "complet[ing] the Commission's Opinion on Ukraine's application for membership of the EU adopted on 17 June 2022".[89]

On 8 November 2023, the European Commission recommended opening accession negotiations with Ukraine.[33] On 14 December 2023, the European Council decided to open accession negotiations with Ukraine.[90] On 21 June 2024, the European Union agreed to start membership negotiations with Ukraine.[13][91] Accession negotiations began on 25 June 2024, at the same time as those with Moldova.[13][92]

On 13 November 2024, the Ukrainian Government announced the completion of the screening of the first cluster of negotiation chapters.[93]

Report history
Cluster Acquis chapter Level of preparation
2022 Report[note 1][89] 2023 Report[82] 2024 Report[94]
1. Fundamentals 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights —[note 2] Some Some
24. Justice, Freedom & Security Some Some Some
5. Public Procurement Some Some Some
18. Statistics Some Some Some
32. Financial Control Early stage Early stage Early stage
2. Internal Market 1. Free Movement of Goods Moderate Moderate Moderate
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers Early stage Early stage Early stage
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services Some Some Some
4. Free Movement of Capital Some Some to moderate Some to moderate
6. Company Law Some Some Some
7. Intellectual Property Law Early stage Some Some
8. Competition Policy Some Some Some
9. Financial Services Some Some Some
28. Consumer & Health Protection Some Some Some
3. Competitiveness
and inclusive growth 		10. Digital transformation & Media Moderate Moderate to good Moderate to good
16. Taxation Some Some Some
17. Economic & Monetary Policy Moderate Moderate Moderate
19. Social Policy & Employment Early stage Early stage Early stage
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy Some Some Some to moderate
25. Science & Research Moderate Moderate Moderate
26. Education & Culture Some Some Some
29. Customs Union Good Good Good
4. Green agenda and
sustainable connectivity 		14. Transport Some Some Some
15. Energy Good Good Good
21. Trans-European Networks Some Some Some
27. Environment & Climate Change Early stage Some Some
5. Resources, agriculture
and cohesion 		11. Agriculture & Rural Development Early stage Early stage Early stage
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy Moderate Moderate Moderate
13. Fisheries Early stage Some Some
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments Some Some Some
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions Early stage Early stage Early stage
6. External relations 30. External Relations Good Good Good
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy Good Good Good

Legend:   early stage   some level of preparation   moderately prepared   good level of preparation   well advanced

Notes:

  1. ^ Published February 2023.
  2. ^ "The substance of this chapter was covered in the Commission Opinion."[89]: 3 
Chapter and screening dates
Cluster Acquis chapter[95] 9 / 33 5 / 33 0 / 33 0 / 33
Screening started Screening completed Chapter opened Chapter closed
1. Fundamentals 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights 2024-09-17[96] 2024-09-30[97]
24. Justice, Freedom & Security 2024-09-17[98] 2024-11-12[93]
5. Public Procurement 2024-07-09[99] 2024-11-12[93]
18. Statistics 2024-11-11[100] 2024-11-12[93]
32. Financial Control 2024-10-08[101] 2024-11-12[93]
2. Internal Market 1. Free Movement of Goods
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers 2024-11-19[102]
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services 2024-11-21[102]
4. Free Movement of Capital 2024-11-20[102]
6. Company Law
7. Intellectual Property Law
8. Competition Policy
9. Financial Services
28. Consumer & Health Protection
3. Competitiveness
and inclusive growth 		10. Digital transformation & Media
16. Taxation
17. Economic & Monetary Policy
19. Social Policy & Employment
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy
25. Science & Research
26. Education & Culture
29. Customs Union
4. Green agenda and
sustainable connectivity 		14. Transport 2024-09-17[103]
15. Energy
21. Trans-European Networks
27. Environment & Climate Change
5. Resources, agriculture
and cohesion 		11. Agriculture & Rural Development
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy
13. Fisheries
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions
6. External relations 30. External Relations
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy

Public opinion

edit

In Ukraine

edit
Main article: Ukraine–European Union relations § Popular support of Ukraine's integration with the European Union
 
The flag of Europe flying on the tower in Vinnytsia

Traditionally, Western Ukraine is found to be generally more enthusiastic about EU membership than Eastern Ukraine. In July 2012 and in May 2014, residents of West Ukraine (74% in July 2012 and 81% in May 2014), Central Ukraine (59% and 64%) and North Ukraine (56% and 71%) were the biggest supporters for EU membership. A June 2013 poll, on behalf of Deutsche Welle, found that 52% of Eastern Ukraine was in favor of joining the EU.[104] But in a poll by ComRes (for CNN) in May 2014 only 19% of Eastern Ukraine considered Ukraine joining the European Union "Good". The May 2014 ComRes poll found out that in the three easternmost oblasts of Ukraine, Kharkiv Oblast, Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast, 37% favored an alliance with Russia, 14% backed an alliance with the European Union and 49% stated Ukraine would be better off if it did not ally with either.

Citizens aged between 20 and 39 appeared to be the strongest supporters of joining the EU in May 2010 and December 2011 (in December 2011 the opinion of the age group 18–29 did not vary from one region to another).[105][106] In the May 2014 ComRes poll, people aged between 36 and 55 were the strongest supporters of joining the EU. Ukraine's EU ambassador, Kostiantyn Yelisieiev, stated in July 2011 that business tycoons and politicians from Ukraine's Russian speaking east were as much pro-EU as the Ukrainian speaking west of the country: "If any politician today in Ukraine declared himself to be against European integration, he would be politically dead."[107]

91% of Ukrainians support joining the European Union during the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[108][109] according to a poll conducted by the Rating Sociological Group on 30–31 March 2022,[110] up from 66.4% in February 2015.[111]

In the EU

edit

According to a survey conducted by Ifop commissioned by the Yalta European Strategy and the Fondation Jean-Jaurès from 3–7 March 2022, Ukraine's accession to the EU is supported by 92% of respondents in Poland, 71% in Italy, 68% in Germany, and 62% in France.[112]

The Flash Eurobarometer survey conducted in April in all EU countries shows the greatest support for Ukraine's accession to the EU in Portugal, where 87% of respondents supported it. This is followed by Estonia (83%), Lithuania (82%), Poland (81%) and Ireland (79%). Hungarians are the most skeptical about Ukraine's accession, with only 48% of respondents supporting the idea and 37% against it. At the same time, Hungary has the highest share of the population who is undecided on this issue - 16% (the same in France and Belgium).[113]

According to a poll commissioned by the New Europe Center, which has European Pravda, among those who have decided on their position, 68% of Germans, 65% of French, and 65% of Dutch people were in favor of granting Ukraine a candidacy. At the same time, 32% of Germans and 35% of the French and the Dutch each oppose such a decision. In general, 46% of German residents support granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU membership, 22% are against it, another 25% found it difficult to answer, and 7% found it difficult to answer the question. Among French residents, 42% support granting Ukraine candidate status, 24% do not support it, 26% do not have a clear position, another 9% found it difficult to answer. In the Netherlands, 45% of respondents support Ukraine's candidacy, 24% are opposed, 21% found it difficult to choose an answer, and 10% do not know.

Impact of joining

edit
Member countries Population[114] Area (km²)[115] GDP

(US$)[116]

GDP

per capita (US$)

Languages
  Ukraine 33,206,477 603,628 173 Billion 5,224 Ukrainian
EU27 447,007,596 4,233,262 17,046 billion 38,134 24
EU27+1 480,214,073
(+6.9%) 		4,836,890
(+12.48%) 		17,219 billion
(+1.02%) 		35,857
(-5.97%) 		25
(+1)

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Kirtzkhalia, Nana (18 April 2014). "Georgia can apply for EU membership if it complies with democratic principles". Trend News Agency. Archived from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d Treisman, Rachel (28 February 2022). "Ukraine wants to join the EU. Here's how that would work". NPR. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  3. ^ "Presidents of 8 EU states call for immediate talks on Ukrainian membership". Reuters. 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b European Council (11 March 2022). "Statement of the heads of state or government, meeting in Versailles, on the Russian military aggression against Ukraine, 10 March 2022". Consilium (in Bulgarian, Spanish, Czech, Danish, German, Estonian, Greek, English, French, Irish, Croatian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Hungarian, Maltese, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Finnish, Swedish, and Russian). Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Ukraine: EU chief offers Kyiv fast track to membership". Deutsche Welle. 8 April 2022. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  6. ^ a b Dubenko, Lesia (10 May 2022). "Ukraine Completes EU Questionnaire on Europe's Day". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  7. ^ a b Rauhala, Emily; Suliman, Adela; Ariès, Quentin (17 June 2022). "Ukraine should get E.U. candidate status, European Commission recommends". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  8. ^ a b "European Commission recommends Ukraine be granted EU candidate status". Deutsche Welle. 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Європарламент підтримав кандидатський статус для України і Молдови" [The European Parliament has supported candidate status for Ukraine and Moldova]. European Pravda (in Ukrainian). 23 June 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Grant EU candidate status to Ukraine and Moldova without delay, MEPs demand". European Parliament. 23 June 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  11. ^ a b c "Україна офіційно отримала статус кандидата на вступ в ЄС" [Ukraine has officially received the status of a candidate for EU membership]. European Pravda (in Ukrainian). 23 June 2022. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  12. ^ "EU Leaders Support Opening Accession Talks with Ukraine – Charles Michel". European Pravda. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  13. ^ a b c d e f "EU opens accession negotiations with Ukraine". European Union. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  14. ^ "Ukraine and Moldova enter formal membership talks with the European Union". euronews.com. 25 June 2024.
  15. ^ "EU nations agree to start membership negotiations next week with Ukraine and Moldova". AP News. 21 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Ukraine crisis: EU signs association deal". BBC News. 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  17. ^ "Ukraine - Trade". European Commission. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  18. ^ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part". Consilium (in Bulgarian, Spanish, Czech, Danish, German, Estonian, Greek, English, French, Irish, Croatian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Hungarian, Maltese, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Finnish, and Swedish). Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  19. ^ a b "Presidents of 8 EU states call for immediate talks on Ukrainian membership". Reuters. Warsaw. 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  20. ^ a b "Hungary supports bid for Ukraine to become EU member, says minister". Reuters. Budapest. 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  21. ^ "Постанова Кабінету Міністрів України "Про запровадження механізму адаптації законодавства України до законодавства Європейського Союзу" (втратила чинність)" [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On the introduction of a mechanism for adapting the legislation of Ukraine to the legislation of the European Union" (no longer valid)] (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  22. ^ "Посол України при ЄС: Європарламент простягнув руку Україні". www.unian.ua. 26 February 2010. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  23. ^ "Кабмин Украины поручил создать трехстороннюю комиссию с ЕС и РФ". www.unian.ua. 21 November 2013. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2018. (in Russian)
  24. ^ "Україною покотилася хвиля євромайданів". Українська правда. 22 November 2013. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  25. ^ "У центрі Києва вже зібралися більше 100 тисяч людей, які хочуть в Європу". Українська правда. 24 November 2013. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  26. ^ Rbc.ua. "Саміт Україна-ЄС: онлайн-трансляція". РБК-Украина (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
  27. ^ "У Брюсселі пройде ювілейний саміт Україна-ЄС". www.slovoidilo.ua. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  28. ^ "У межах 23-го Саміту Україна – ЄС підписано низку документів, зокрема Угоду про Спільний авіаційний простір". www.president.gov.u. 12 October 2020. Archived from the original on 12 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  29. ^ "Голова Єврокомісії оголосила, що заявку України на вступ до ЄС можуть розглянути влітку — ЗМІ | Громадське телебачення". hromadske.ua (in Ukrainian). 8 April 2022. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  30. ^ "Україна вступила до енергетичного Євросоюзу: приєдналася до енергосистеми ENTSO-E". LIGA (in Ukrainian). 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  31. ^ "European Council conclusions on the Russian military aggression against Ukraine, 24 March 2022". www.consilium.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  32. ^ a b "Opinion on the EU membership application by Ukraine". European Commission. 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  33. ^ a b O'Carroll, Lisa (8 November 2023). "European Commission backs talks on Ukraine and Moldova EU membership". The Guardian. Brussels. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  34. ^ "EU Leaders Support Opening Accession Talks with Ukraine – Charles Michel". European Pravda. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  35. ^ "Ukraine to begin negotiations to join European Union". VOA News. 21 June 2024.
  36. ^ "EU to Open Membership Talks With Ukraine, Moldova Next Week". Bloomberg. 21 June 2024.
  37. ^ Zahorka, Hans-Juergen. "How Could America Approach the European Union?" (PDF). Libertas-institut.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2004. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  38. ^ "Ukraine". ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  39. ^ Beunderman, Mark (9 November 2005). "Blow to Kiev as Brussels closes door to further enlargement". EU observer. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  40. ^ Rettman, Andrew (22 October 2010). "EUobserver / EU unlikely to expand into post-Soviet east in next decade". Euobserver.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  41. ^ "Ukraine: MEPs urge EU to help financial rescue, but enact targeted sanctions too | News | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  42. ^ "Martin Schulz: The European Parliament endorses the European perspective of Ukraine - Feb. 27, 2014". KyivPost. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  43. ^ "Georgia can apply for EU membership if it complies with democratic principles". en.trend.az. 18 April 2014. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  44. ^ Шинкарук, Дмитрий (27 June 2014). "Угода про асоціацію є початком вступу до ЄС – Ж. Баррозу". «Інформаційне агенство Українські національні новини». Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  45. ^ Шинкарук, Дмитрий (27 June 2014). "Ш. Фюле: Угода про асоціацію – не кінцева мета співробітництва". «Інформаційне агенство Українські національні новини». Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  46. ^ "Juncker Says Ukraine Not Likely To Join EU, NATO For 20-25 Years". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  47. ^ "The law amending the Constitution on the course of accession to the EU and NATO has entered into force | European integration portal". eu-ua.org (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  48. ^ "Закон про зміни до Конституції щодо курсу на вступ в ЄС і НАТО набув чинності | Євроінтеграційний портал". eu-ua.kmu.gov.ua. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  49. ^ "Польща і Литва: 2025-2027 роки - "вікно" для вступу України до ЄС". Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  50. ^ "Наступник Меркель оцінив шанси України стати членом ЄС". www.slovoidilo.ua. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  51. ^ "Росія заявляє про готовність розірвати відносини з ЄС". 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  52. ^ "Клімкін озвучив умови, за яких Україна може стати членом НАТО до 2030 року". Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  53. ^ "Конституційна криза, корупція, олігархи: Європарламент опублікував доповідь по Україні". Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  54. ^ "У 2024 році Україна подасть заявку на вступ до ЄС". www.ukrinform.ua. 29 January 2019. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  55. ^ "Live: 2023 State of Union address by EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen | DW News". YouTube. 13 September 2023.
  56. ^ "EU to open membership talks with Ukraine and Moldova". BBC News. 14 December 2023.
  57. ^ "As Russia invades, Ukraine makes appeal for EU membership". Politico. 26 February 2022. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  58. ^ "Ukraine belongs in EU, Commission chief von der Leyen says". Politico. 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  59. ^ "Slovakia pushes for 'special track' for Ukraine toward joining EU". Politico. 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  60. ^ "Zelenskiy Calls For Ukraine's Immediate EU Membership But Bloc Cool On Idea". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  61. ^ "The European Parliament has recommended that Ukraine be granted EU candidate status". eurointegration (in Ukrainian). 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  62. ^ "European Parliament Votes to Advance Ukraine's Application for EU Membership". National Review. 1 March 2022. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  63. ^ "Here Are the Members of Parliament Who Voted to Deny Ukraine's EU Admission". MSN. March 2022. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  64. ^ "Presidents of 8 EU states call for immediate talks on Ukrainian membership". Reuters. 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  65. ^ "Ucrania reclama a España que apoye de forma "explícita" la reivindicación de adhesión a la UE" [Ukraine appeals for Spain to "explicitly" support the request for accession to the EU]. Europa Press (in Spanish). 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  66. ^ Barigazzi, Jacopo (7 March 2022). "EU to officially examine Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia's bids to join the bloc". Politico. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  67. ^ "EU says resuming diplomatic presence in Kyiv". Reuters. 9 April 2022. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  68. ^ "Шлях до членства у ЄС - Україна вже завершила роботу над опитувальником" [The road to EU membership - Ukraine has completed work on the questionnaire]. European Pravda (in Ukrainian). 17 April 2022. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  69. ^ Valero, Jorge; Nardelli, Alberto (9 June 2022). "Ukraine Likely to Win Initial EU Backing for Path to Membership". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  70. ^ "Next EU summit to decide on stages of Ukraine's accession to EU". Interfax. Kyiv. 11 April 2022. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  71. ^ "Embrace Ukraine Campaign Launched In Support of Ukraine's EU Membership". Kyiv Post. 29 May 2022. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  72. ^ "Embrace Ukraine campaign launched in support of Ukraine's EU membership". Ukrinform. 29 May 2022. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  73. ^ "Німеччина, Франція, Італія та Румунія підтримали негайне надання Україні статусу кандидата в ЄС" [Germany, France, Italy and Romania supported the immediate granting of EU candidate status to Ukraine]. European Pravda (in Ukrainian). 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  74. ^ "Шольц про рух України до ЄС: темпи залежать від кандидата" [Scholz on Ukraine's movement towards the EU: the pace depends on the candidate]. European Pravda (in Ukrainian). 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  75. ^ "Макрон пояснив, як Україну просуватимуть на шляху до членства в Євросоюзі" [Macron explained how Ukraine will be assisted on the path to membership of the European Union]. European Pravda (in Ukrainian). 16 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  76. ^ "Данія готова підтримати надання Україні статусу кандидата на вступ до ЄС" [Denmark is ready to support granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU accession]. European Pravda (in Ukrainian). 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  77. ^ "Нідерланди просять Брюссель про чіткі умови для подальшої євроінтеграції України - ЗМІ" [The Netherlands asks Brussels for clear conditions on further European integration of Ukraine - mass media]. European Pravda (in Ukrainian). 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  78. ^ Rettman, Andrew (17 June 2022). "Dutch seek 'rigorous' EU approach to Ukraine candidacy". EUobserver. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  79. ^ "Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council: Commission Opinion on Ukraine's application for membership of the European Union". EUR-Lex. Publications Office of the European Union. 17 June 2022.
  80. ^ Сидоренко, Сергій (18 June 2022). "Кандидат авансом: 7 вимог, які має виконати Україна, щоб ЄС не скасував її новий статус" [Candidate in advance: 7 requirements that Ukraine must meet in order for the EU not to revoke its new status]. www.eurointegration.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  81. ^ a b "Press remarks by Neighbourhood and Enlargement Commissioner Olivér Várhelyi, following the informal General Affairs Council". Stockholm: European Commission. 22 June 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  82. ^ a b c "Ukraine Report 2023". European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations. Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations, European Commission. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  83. ^ Sydorenko, Sergiy (14 November 2022). "Ukraine Failing Its Own Strategy To Meet EU Requirements Swiftly". European Pravda. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  84. ^ "Candidate Check-2: Where Ukraine is in the implementation of 7 EU recommendations regarding candidacy". New Europe Center. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  85. ^ Brzozowski, Alexandra (21 December 2022). "Ukraine rushing to show progress on EU-bound reforms". Euractiv. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  86. ^ "Charles Michel: By end of year, Council should make decision on issue of starting the process of negotiations on accession of Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia to EU". Georgia Today. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  87. ^ "EU says Ukraine is making progress with reforms and on track to membership talks". AP News. 22 June 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  88. ^ "Candidate Check-5: Where Ukraine is in the implementation of 7 EU recommendations". New Europe Center. 27 September 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  89. ^ a b c "Commission Analytical report on Ukraine's alignment with the EU acquis". European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations. Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations, European Commission. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  90. ^ "EU Leaders Support Opening Accession Talks with Ukraine – Charles Michel". European Pravda. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  91. ^ "EU nations agree to start membership negotiations next week with Ukraine and Moldova". AP News. 21 June 2024.
  92. ^ "Statement by President von der Leyen on opening accession negotiations with Ukraine and Moldova". European Commission. 25 July 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  93. ^ a b c d e Kitsoft. "Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine - Ukraine completes assessment of legislation under first EU accession negotiation block". www.kmu.gov.ua. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  94. ^ "Ukraine Report 2024 - European Commission". neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  95. ^ "Ukraine - European Commission". neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu. 2 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  96. ^ "Ukrainian government tells how "screening" meeting with European Commission on key negotiating chapter will be held". European Pravda. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  97. ^ "EU-Ukraine Integration: Key Chapter 23 Screening Completed". coe.int. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
  98. ^ "Ukrainian government tells how "screening" meeting with European Commission on key negotiating chapter will be held". European Pravda. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  99. ^ "Meetings between Ukraine and EU started as part of legislation screening process". European Pravda. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  100. ^ Kitsoft. "EU-Ukraine bilateral meetings on statistics start in Luxembourg". www.kmu.gov.ua. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  101. ^ Kitsoft. "Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine - Third round of EU-Ukraine bilateral screening sessions to start in Brussels on 8 October". www.kmu.gov.ua. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
  102. ^ a b c "У Брюсселі розпочалися двосторонні зустрічі Україна-ЄС за переговорним кластером «Внутрішній ринок» - Новини - European integration portal". eu-ua.kmu.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 19 November 2024.
  103. ^ "Ukrainian government tells how "screening" meeting with European Commission on key negotiating chapter will be held". European Pravda. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  104. ^ Ukraine: EU support up again Archived 3 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Deutsche Welle (3 July 2013)
  105. ^ "Update: Poll – more than half of Ukrainians support European Union membership". Kyiv Post. 15 May 2010. Archived from the original on 14 May 2010.
  106. ^ "Poll: Less than half of Ukrainians support EU membership". Kyiv Post. 15 December 2011. Archived from the original on 18 December 2011.
  107. ^ Rettman, Andrew (6 July 2011) Ukraine signals readiness to finalise EU pact Archived 9 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, EU Observer
  108. ^ "Record number of Ukrainians support joining EU, backing for NATO membership falls - poll". Reuters. 5 April 2022. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  109. ^ "Support for EU accession hits record high at 91% in Ukraine, while that for joining NATO slides - poll". www.ukrinform.net. 5 April 2022. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  110. ^ "Seventh nationwide poll: Ukraine during the war". Sociological group Rating. 30–31 March 2022. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  111. ^ "Support for joining EU rises one year after Revolution of Dignity – poll". Interfax-Ukraine. 19 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
  112. ^ "Les peuples européens derrière l'Ukraine. La guerre en Ukraine vue de France, d'Allemagne, de Pologne et d'Italie". Fondation Jean-Jaurès (in French). Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  113. ^ "Eurobarometer". europa.eu. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  114. ^ "Ukraine", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 7 December 2023, retrieved 29 December 2023
  115. ^ "Ukraine", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 7 December 2023, retrieved 29 December 2023
  116. ^ "GDP, current prices". www.imf.org/en/Home. International Monetary Fund. 20 August 2022. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union&oldid=1259057826"