United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1

UN General Assembly
Resolution ES-11/1
UN General Assembly; Resolution ES-11/1
	In favour
	Against
	Abstained
	Absent
	Non-UN member
Date	2 March 2022
Meeting no.	11th Emergency Special Session (continued)
Code	A/RES/ES-11/1 (Document)
Subject	Aggression against Ukraine
Voting summary	141 voted for; 5 voted against; 35 abstained; 12 absent;
Result	Resolution adopted

United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES‑11/1 is a resolution of the eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly, adopted on 2 March 2022. It deplored Russia's invasion of Ukraine and demanded a full withdrawal of Russian forces and a reversal of its decision to recognise the self-declared People's Republics of Donetsk and Luhansk.

The tenth paragraph of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution of 2 March 2022 confirmed the involvement of Belarus in unlawful use of force against Ukraine.^[1]

The resolution was sponsored by 96 countries, and passed with 141 voting in favour, 5 against, and 35 abstentions.^[2]

Background

An emergency special session is an unscheduled meeting of the United Nations General Assembly to make urgent recommendations on a particular situation relevant for the maintenance of international peace and security in any instance where the Security Council fails to act owing to the veto of a permanent member.

The mechanism was introduced in 1950 with the Uniting for Peace resolution, which declared that:

... if the Security Council, because of lack of unanimity of the permanent members, fails to exercise its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security in any case where there appears to be a threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression, the General Assembly shall consider the matter immediately with a view to making appropriate recommendations to Members for collective measures, including in the case of a breach of the peace or act of aggression the use of armed force when necessary, to maintain or restore international peace and security. If not in session at the time, the General Assembly may meet in emergency special session within twenty-four hours of the request therefore. ...

The General Assembly's ability to recommend collective measures was the subject of an intense dispute in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1962, an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice stated that, while "enforcement action" is the exclusive domain of the Security Council, the General Assembly has the authority to take a wide range of decisions, including establishing a peacekeeping force.^[3]

On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a large-scale invasion against Ukraine. A draft resolution deploring the invasion and calling for the withdrawal of Russian troops was vetoed in the Security Council the following day, prompting the Security Council to convene an emergency special session on the subject of Ukraine with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623.^[4]

Voting

Vote^[5]	Quantity	States	% of votes	% of total UN members
Approve	141	Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, South Korea, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia	77.90%	73.06%
Against	5	Belarus, Eritrea, North Korea, Russia, Syria	2.76%	2.59%
Abstain	35	Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Burundi, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Cuba, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Madagascar, Mali, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Senegal, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam, Zimbabwe	19.34%	18.13%
Absent	12	Azerbaijan, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, Togo, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Venezuela^[a]	–	6.22%
Total	193	–	100%	100%

Resumption of emergency session

With no evidence of reversal of the invasion of Ukraine, the emergency session reconvened and they adopted Resolution ES-11/2 on 24 March 2022, which reiterated demands and concerns expressed in Resolution ES-11/1.^[7]

Notes

^ Venezuela was suspended from voting in the 76th session and the 11th emergency special session owing to its failure to pay dues in the previous two years, for which it did not receive a special waiver from the Assembly.^[6]

References

^ "UN resolution against Ukraine invasion: Full text". Al Jazeera. 3 March 2022.
^ "Ukraine: UN General Assembly condemns invasion as Russia reports gains". Deutsche Welle. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
^ Binder, Christina (May 2017). "Uniting for Peace Resolution (1950)". Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law. Oxford University. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
^ "U.N. Security Council calls rare General Assembly session on Ukraine". Reuters. 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
^ "Aggression against Ukraine : Voting Summary". United Nations. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022.
^ Secretary-General, UN (27 February 2022). "Letter dated 27 February 2022 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the General Assembly". Letter to.
^ "Humanitarian consequences of the aggression against Ukraine : resolution / adopted by the General Assembly". 28 March 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.

External links

United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1 on wikisource.org

[7] Venezuela was suspended from voting in the 76th session and the 11th emergency special session owing to its failure to pay dues in the previous two years, for which it did not receive a special waiver from the Assembly.^[6]

[1] "UN resolution against Ukraine invasion: Full text". Al Jazeera. 3 March 2022.

[2] "Ukraine: UN General Assembly condemns invasion as Russia reports gains". Deutsche Welle. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

[3] Binder, Christina (May 2017). "Uniting for Peace Resolution (1950)". Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law. Oxford University. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

[4] "U.N. Security Council calls rare General Assembly session on Ukraine". Reuters. 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

[5] "Aggression against Ukraine : Voting Summary". United Nations. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022.

[6] Secretary-General, UN (27 February 2022). "Letter dated 27 February 2022 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the General Assembly". Letter to.

[8] "Humanitarian consequences of the aggression against Ukraine : resolution / adopted by the General Assembly". 28 March 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.

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