1828–29 United States Senate elections

the 1828–29 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these United States Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, senators were chosen by State legislature United States. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1828 and 1829, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

1828–29 United States Senate elections

← 1826 & 1827 Dates vary by state 1830 & 1831 →

16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
25 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Jacksonian Anti-Jacksonian
Last election 27 seats 19
Seats before 26 21
Seats won 10 6
Seats after 26 22
Seat change Steady Increase 1
Seats up 10 5

Results:
     Jacksonian Hold      Jacksonian Gain
     Anti-Jacksonian Hold      Anti-Jacksonian Gain

Majority Party before election


Jacksonian

Elected Majority Party


Jacksonian

The Jacksonian coalition, despite its leader's victory in the presidential election, lost a seat in the Senate to the opposing Anti-Jacksonian coalition. Senators who called themselves "Anti-Jacksonian" or "National Republicans" were also called "Adams" or "Adams Men."

Results summary

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Senate party division at the beginning of the 21st United States Congress (1829–1831)

  • Majority party: Jacksonian 26
  • Minority party: Anti-Jackson 22
  • Total seats: 48

Change in composition

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Before the elections

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A1 A2 A3 A4
A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5
A15 A16 A17
Mass.
Ran
A18
N.H.
Ran
A19
R.I.
Ran
A20
La.
Unknown
A21
Ill.
Retired
J27
N.J.
Resigned
J26
Maine
Retired
J25
Del.
Retired
Majority → J24
Miss.
Unknown
J15 J16 J17
Ala.
Ran
J18
Ky.
Ran
J19
N.C.
Ran
J20
S.C.
Ran
J21
Tenn.
Ran
J22
Va.
Ran
J23
Ga.
Unknown
J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5
J1 J2 J3 J4

As a result of the elections

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A1 A2 A3 A4
A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5
A15 A16 A17
Mass.
Re-elected
A18
N.H.
Re-elected
A19
R.I.
Re-elected
A20
Del.
Gain
A21
Maine
Gain
A22
N.J.
Gain
J26
La.
Gain
J25
Ill.
Gain
Majority → J24
Miss.
Hold
J15 J16 J17
Ala.
Re-elected
J18
N.C.
Re-elected
J19
S.C.
Re-elected
J20
Tenn.
Re-elected
J21
Va.
Re-elected
J22
Ga.
Hold
J23
Ky.
Hold
J14 J13 J12 J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5
J1 J2 J3 J4
Key:
A# = Anti-Jacksonian
J# = Jacksonian
V# = Vacant

Race summaries

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Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 20th Congress

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In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1828 or before March 4, 1829; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Georgia
(Class 2)
Thomas W. Cobb Jacksonian 1824 (special) Incumbent resigned before November 7, 1828.
New senator elected November 7, 1828.
Jacksonian hold.
Ohio
(Class 3)
William Henry Harrison Anti-Jacksonian 1824 Incumbent resigned May 20, 1828 to become Minister Plenipotentiary to Gran Colombia.[a]
New senator elected December 10, 1828.
Anti-Jacksonian hold.
North Carolina
(Class 3)
Nathaniel Macon Jacksonian 1815 (special)
1818
1825
Incumbent resigned November 14, 1828.
New senator elected December 15, 1828.
Jacksonian hold.
Maine
(Class 1)
Albion K. Parris Jacksonian 1827 Incumbent resigned August 26, 1828 when appointed to the Maine Supreme Judicial Court.
New senator elected January 15, 1829.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
New York
(Class 1)
Martin Van Buren Jacksonian 1821
1827
Incumbent resigned December 20, 1828 to become Governor of New York.
New senator elected January 15, 1829.
Jacksonian hold.
New Jersey
(Class 1)
Ephraim Bateman Anti-Jacksonian 1826 (special)
1826
Incumbent resigned January 12, 1829 due to failing health.
New senator elected January 30, 1829.
Jacksonian gain.

Races leading to the 21st Congress

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In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1829; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama William R. King Jacksonian 1819
1822
Incumbent re-elected in 1828.
Delaware Henry M. Ridgely Jacksonian 1827 (special) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1829.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Georgia Oliver H. Prince Jacksonian 1828 (special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected in 1828 or 1829.
Jacksonian hold.
Illinois Jesse B. Thomas Anti-Jacksonian 1818
1823
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1828 or 1829.
Jacksonian gain.
Kentucky Richard M. Johnson Jacksonian 1819 (special)
1823
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1829.
Jacksonian hold.
Louisiana Dominique Bouligny Anti-Jacksonian 1824 (special) Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected in 1829.[3]
Jacksonian gain.
Maine John Chandler Jacksonian 1820
1823
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1828 or 1829.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
Massachusetts Nathaniel Silsbee Anti-Jacksonian 1826 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1829.
Mississippi Thomas Hill Williams Jacksonian 1817
1823
Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected in 1828.
Jacksonian hold.
New Hampshire Samuel Bell Anti-Jacksonian 1823 Incumbent re-elected in 1828 or 1829.
New Jersey Mahlon Dickerson Jacksonian 1817
1823
Incumbent resigned January 30, 1829 when elected to the class 1 seat.
New senator elected immediately thereafter on January 30, 1829.
Anti-Jacksonian gain.
North Carolina John Branch Jacksonian 1822 Incumbent re-elected in 1829.
Rhode Island Nehemiah R. Knight Anti-Jacksonian 1821 (special)
1823
Incumbent re-elected October 31, 1828.
South Carolina Robert Y. Hayne Jacksonian 1822 Incumbent re-elected in 1828.
Tennessee Hugh Lawson White Jacksonian 1825 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1829.
Virginia Littleton Tazewell Jacksonian 1824 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1829.

Special elections during the 21st Congress

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In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1829 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Tennessee
(Class 1)
John Eaton Jacksonian 1818 (appointed)
1819 (special)
1821 (failure to elect)
1821 (special)
1826
Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of War.
New senator elected October 19, 1829.
Jacksonian hold.
Georgia
(Class 3)
John M. Berrien Jacksonian 1825 Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Attorney General.
New senator elected November 9, 1829.
Jacksonian hold.
North Carolina
(Class 2)
John Branch Jacksonian 1822
1828
Incumbent resigned March 9, 1829 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy.
New senator elected December 9, 1829.
Jacksonian hold.

Alabama

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Delaware

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Georgia

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Georgia had three elections in this cycle.

Georgia (regular)

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Georgia (special, class 2)

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Georgia (special, class 3)

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Illinois

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Kentucky

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Louisiana

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Maine

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Maine had two elections in this cycle.

Maine (regular)

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Maine (special)

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Massachusetts

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Massachusetts had two elections in this cycle.

Massachusetts (regular)

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Massachusetts (special)

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Mississippi

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New Hampshire

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New Jersey

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New Jersey had two elections in this cycle.

New Jersey (regular)

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New Jersey (special)

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New York (special)

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North Carolina

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North Carolina had three elections in this cycle.

North Carolina (regular)

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North Carolina (special, class 2)

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North Carolina (special, class 3)

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Ohio (special)

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Rhode Island

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South Carolina

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Tennessee

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Tennessee had two elections in this cycle.

Tennessee (regular)

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Tennessee (special)

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Virginia

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See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. ^ Journal of the Proceedings of the Legislative-Council of the State of New Jersey. Vol. 53. 1929. p. 30.
  3. ^ "The Hon. Edward Livingston, at present a member of Congress from the State of Louisiana, was on the 12th ult. appointed by the Legislature of that State, a Senator in Congress, vice Mr. Bouligny, whose term of service expires on the 3d of March next". Raleigh Register. Raleigh, NC. February 6, 1829. p. 3.
  4. ^ Journal of the Proceedings of the Legislative-Council of the State of New Jersey. Vol. 53. 1929. p. 31.
  5. ^ J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State (1914). Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914. Providence, RI: E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers. p. 149.

Sources

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