User:Amran.aden/sandbox

Topic: Mentalism

One problem that has caught my attention was the lack of background information for the history of this topic. There are however, references, but not enough information to incorporate that into the sections of this topic. It needs work and improvement with more information that I think we can include into each section of this topic.

Eric P. Charles (2011). Seeing Minds in Behavior: Descriptive Mentalism. American Psychological Association

Moore, J, and Moore, J. “Behavior Analysis, Mentalism, and the Path to Social Justice.” The Behavior analyst 26.2 (2003): 181–193. Web.

How are we going to both do this (my partner and I)? do we each do a separate section with these references in hand to get information?

In the next assignment, you'll be creating a to-do list and dividing up the tasks. J.R. Council (talk) 20:10, 26 February 2019 (UTC)

Amran.aden (talk) 15:10, 22 February 2019 (UTC)

Reese, Hayne. “Review of The War Between Mentalism and Behaviorism: On the Accessibility of Mental Processes by William R. Uttal.” Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 76.1 (2001): 115–130. Web

Stemmer, N, and Stemmer, N. “Skinner’s Verbal Behavior, Chomsky’s Review, and Mentalism.” Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 54.3 (1990): 307–315. Web.

Dreger, RM. “Shedding Light on Mentalism.” American Psychologist 51.1 (1996): 54–55. Web.

Meehan, W. “Partem Totius Naturae Esse: Spinoza’s Alternative to the Mutual Incomprehension of Physicalism and Mentalism in Psychology.” Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 29.1 (2009): 47–59. Web.

Hayes, S C, Brownstein, A J, and Hayes, S C. “Mentalism, Behavior-Behavior Relations, and a Behavior-Analytic View of the Purposes of Science.” The Behavior analyst 9.2 (1986): 175–190. Web.

New citation:

(Gray, Peter. Psychology, Worth, NY. 6th ed. pp 108–109).

Fancher, R. E., & Rutherford, A. (2017). Pioneers of psychology: A history. New York: W.W. Norton.

Watson, J. B. (1925). Behaviorism. New York: Norton.

Problems: • Lack of information • Missing: o History, etymology, education, application, dictionary definition, origin of term, subsection for behaviorism

Are we required to use the articles we cited in this sandbox? And can we use the references that are listed in the article's reference list?Trenzalore96 (talk) 00:03, 23 February 2019 (UTC)

You don't have to use the references in the article, but you should if they're relevant! And yes you can use the references currently in the article. J.R. Council (talk) 20:12, 26 February 2019 (UTC)

SECTION ONE: To do list

1.) Include the history of mentalism (psychology): including the people involved and how it came to be Amran.aden (talk) 03:21, 20 March 2019 (UTC) 2.) Include the origin of the term: how it contributed to psychology overall and how it is relevant to modern psychology Amran.aden (talk) 03:21, 20 March 2019 (UTC) 3.) subsection for behaviorism: can include more details in this section with the references already provided in the article Amran.aden (talk) 03:21, 20 March 2019 (UTC) -Amran-

1.) Need to add detail on the mentalism (psychology) to provide an introduction on the history of mentalism (psychology) and where it originates from Trenzalore96 (talk) 03:13, 20 March 2019 (UTC) 2.) Provide detailed information about the application and dictionary definition of the term (mentalism) Trenzalore96 (talk) 03:13, 20 March 2019 (UTC) 3.) Organized and provide more information and create for both etymology and the education of menntalism Trenzalore96 (talk) 03:13, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Trenzalore96 (talk)

SECTION TWO: Outline

Descriptive Mentalism: define what is, major people who contributed to it, relation to psychology Amran.aden (talk) 03:21, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Mentalism and Behavior: give examples, psychologists, and further development of this concept Amran.aden (talk) 03:21, 20 March 2019 (UTC) -Amran is doing these two-

Subsection of Behaviorism, dictionary definition, and origin of term: Define what Mentalism means, also how it ties to behaviorism, and also where the term mentalism originated from.Trenzalore96 (talk) 03:13, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

References

1.) Eric P. Charles (2011). Seeing Minds in Behavior: Descriptive Mentalism. American Psychological AssociationAmran.aden (talk) 03:21, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

2.) Moore, J, and Moore, J. “Behavior Analysis, Mentalism, and the Path to Social Justice.” The Behavior analyst 26.2 (2003): 181–193. Web. Amran.aden (talk) 03:21, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Closing: Trenzalore96 (talk) 03:13, 20 March 2019 (UTC) References: 3.) Reese, Hayne. “Review of The War Between Mentalism and Behaviorism: On the Accessibility of Mental Processes by William R. Uttal.” Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 76.1 (2001): 115–130. Web

4.) Stemmer, N, and Stemmer, N. “Skinner’s Verbal Behavior, Chomsky’s Review, and Mentalism.” Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 54.3 (1990): 307–315. Web.

5.) Dreger, RM. “Shedding Light on Mentalism.” American Psychologist 51.1 (1996): 54–55. Web.

5.) Meehan, W. “Partem Totius Naturae Esse: Spinoza’s Alternative to the Mutual Incomprehension of Physicalism and Mentalism in Psychology.” Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 29.1 (2009): 47–59. Web.

6.) Hayes, S C, Brownstein, A J, and Hayes, S C. “Mentalism, Behavior-Behavior Relations, and a Behavior-Analytic View of the Purposes of Science.” The Behavior analyst 9.2 (1986): 175–190. Web. Trenzalore96 (talk) 03:13, 20 March 2019 (UTC)

Dr. Council's comments on Assignment 5

1. Nice job on this! Outline and To-do list make sense.
2. Don't put blank spaces at the beginning of a line. It puts that text in a gray box. I did an edit to fix this.

J.R. Council (talk) 21:37, 2 April 2019 (UTC)

Lead Section Amran.aden (talk) 18:08, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

Mentalism can be seen now as mentalists who perform on stage but in psychology, the term means the study of the mind or behaviorists would like to call it as more of understanding the human behavior in concentration to consciousness and cognition. In later sections, more details are provided in concentration to subgroups of mentalism and the start of this revolutionary term that we have got to know as well as the relation to how this fits into psychology. The subgroups consist of descriptive mentalism, new mentalism or modern mentalism as we know it, and how behaviorism or behaviorists ties with overall mentalism to psychology.

• Feedback: I enjoyed reading your lead section. It explained what we are planning on talking about and defined the term mentalism. You also indicated the importance of mentalism in psychology.Trenzalore96 (talk) 21:50, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

Lead SectionTrenzalore96 (talk) 21:50, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

In Psychology, mentalism refers to the study of thought processes and the study of the mind. Mentalism could be explained by several subgroups that concentrate on consciousness. Mentalism built the foundation of cognitive psychology, perception, mental imagery, and consciousness. Behaviorist primarily uses the term, mentalism, with the idea that scientific psychology should be approached with an emphasis on trying to understand association based on conditioned behavior.Trenzalore96 (talk) 21:50, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

• Feedback: The lead section defines the term and connects it to the sections we are going to talk about. As well as giving a brief idea of what mentalism consists of in association to behaviorism and the other areas that are subgroups in which will be discussed under separate sections in more detail. Amran.aden (talk) 22:35, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

Dr. Council's comments

1. Again, I edited to remove leading spaces. An asterisk in the first space on a line makes a bullet.

• If you need help editing, type WP:cheatsheet in the Wikipedia search box. There are lots of other materials to help with editing as well.

1. For Aden's lead, don't worry about describing different kinds of mentalism. Wikipedia disambiguates automatically. Your article is titled, Mentalism (psychology), so it's already clear what it's about.

• Otherwise leads and feedback are very good. Nice start!

J.R. Council (talk) 21:45, 2 April 2019 (UTC)

Lead Section: (Edited)

In Psychology, Mentalism refers to the study of thought processes and the study of the mind. Mentalism built the foundation of several subgroups such as cognitive psychology, perception, mental imagery, and consciousness. Behaviorism fully rejects the idea of mentalism and focus on conditioned associations to explain behavior. Trenzalore96 (talk) 17:06, 5 April 2019 (UTC) Amran.aden (talk) 17:18, 5 April 2019 (UTC)Trenzalore96 (talk) 01:36, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

This is good. Just a few changes and you can go ahead with your main article:

1. I'm not sure what this means: "Mentalism could be explained by several subgroups that concentrate on consciousness" What subgroups? How do they explain mentalism.
2. In the final sentence, it would be more accurate to say behaviorism rejects mentalism, and focuses on conditioned associations to explain behavior. Remember, Watson said behaviorism does not rely on mentalistic concepts.

J.R. Council (talk) 20:01, 9 April 2019 (UTC)

Article:

Assignment 9, Final draft of article

Mentalism, in psychology, refers to the study of thought processes and the study of the mind. Mentalism built the foundation of several subgroups such as cognitive psychology, perception, mental imagery, and consciousness. Behaviorism fully rejects the idea of mentalism and focuses on conditioned associations to explain behavior.

Descriptive Mentalism

E. B. Holt defined descriptive mentalism as "a complete description of behavior includes the thing toward which the behavior is directed" Holt however is not the only one who has contributed to descriptive mentalism. Psychologists such as Skinner, Ted Honderich, and Wittgenstein, who was influenced by Holt and William James, drew their own arguments about the meaning of descriptive mentalism and challenged Holt's ideas. Furthermore, Skinner's descriptive mentalism suggests that there are three different ways to interpret mental terms. For example, he says that perception is the first part of behaving and lists other terms such as "free will" . Basically, Skinner connects behaviorism to descriptive mentalism and makes it into a whole new meaning. There were other psychologists that were involved in the development of this term as well but not as much as Holt has. Overall, Holt's descriptive mentalism can be summarized as the "wanting" describes the directness of behavior .

Mentalism vs Behaviorism

Moore defines mentalism "as an approach to the study of behavior which assumes that a mental or "inner" dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension." For example, several terms under mentalism suggests that neural, psychic, spiritual, subjective, conceptual, or hypothetical properties can be used to explain the term further. In modern mentalism, we can see the aspects of psychic and spiritual being used across varies cultures. This however does not mean that it has advanced dramatically but rather the use of previous years of these concepts continues to occur in today's modern society. Moreover, mentalism and behaviorism differ in terms of the mind and behavior. One aspect they differ is that behaviorism does not rely on mentalistic concepts. The term behaviorism is defined as a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. The psychologists most involved with this term would be John B. Watson as well as Skinner with several conditioning principles that they used to understand behavior overall; for example, the use of classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

History: Mentalism and Behaviorism

Mentalism originated as a branch of philosophy pioneered by leaders such as Rene Descartes, Immanuel Kant, John Locke, Gottfried Leibniz, and Baruch Spinoza. These philosophers of the mind desired to understand the human thought processes by applying methodical logic . This allowed the approach called “mentalistic psychology” to emerge which analyzes how human thought process translates into behavior and psychological phenomenon. This methodology assumes that behavior is the result of inner causes. This hypothetical construct started an evolutionary new psychological approach that focused on the systematic approach to understanding human behavior called Behaviorism. The term mentalism was primarily used by behaviorists, however behaviorism rejected mentalism and focused on conditioned associations to explain behavior.

According to Fancher and Rutherford, behaviorism, devised by John B. Watson, is a school of psychology that rejects “traditional mind and consciousness” and favors “objectively verifiable observation” that suggests that learning is based on conditioned associations which explains behavior. Mentalism is associated with Behaviorism due to both methods studying thought processes and the study of the mind. Behaviorism mainly aspires to understand the behavior of human and other animals. Famous psychologists such as Palov and Watson were wary of the “unscientific” disposition of introspective methods and pursued to objective measurements of behavior to understand the behavior of humans. The term behaviorism is a spinoff of Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect, which focused on the process of strengthening behavior through the process of reinforcement. Behaviorism as John B. Watson defined, is “natural science that takes the whole field of human adjustments as its own." .

Dr. Council's comments - Assignment 8

Good job! Please make one major change so you have a final draft ready to move to the Wikipedia main article space. This is:

• Use proper reference style. You are fudging this now, but you don't have your reference citations embedded in the text and have not generated a proper reference list. See Wikipedia:Citing sources
• Also any final cleaning and polishing you can think of, but get your references right.

J.R. Council (talk) 19:35, 17 April 2019 (UTC)

The changes have been made and we are ready to put this into the main article space

Dr. Council's comments - Assignment 9

After reading this through carefully, I have found a number of places where the writing needs to improve. I have made some simple edits myself, and have left notes in bold text after sections that need to be re-written. Please make these changes and this will be ready to send to Ian. J.R. Council (talk) 08:37, 25 April 2019 (UTC)

• Also, link terms to other articles in Wikipedia. I have done this for Law of Effect to give you an example. J.R. Council (talk) 08:46, 25 April 2019 (UTC)

Good job! I have deleted my comments. You still need to strip out your signatures, but I'm going to send the link to Ian. J.R. Council (talk) 19:30, 25 April 2019 (UTC)