Physicians in Poland
editIn Poland, healthcare proffession of a physician is known as lekarz
Practitioner of dental medicine
Education and training
editUpon the graduation (copleting the course, passing all classes) and recieving a diploma, an internship starts lasting for thirteen months, after which an intern can take an exam, known as the Final Physician's Exam (Lekarski Egzamin Końcowy), which grants them license to practice medicine. Then a physician can seek a medical specialisation, usually through a residency, a clinical training within the speciality under supervison of a physician already holding the specialt title. The process ends with the State Specialising Exam (Państwowy Egzamin Specjalizacyjny).
- Allergology (0731);
- Anesthesiology and intensive care medicine (0701);
- Angiology (0732);
- Audiology and phoniatrics (0733);
- Balneology and physical medicine (0734);
- Pediatric surgery (0702);
- Thoracic surgery (0735);
- Vascular surgery (0736);
- General surgery (0703);
- Surgical oncology (0737);
- Plastic surgery (0738);
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery (0704);
- Pulmonology (0739);
- Pediatric pulmonology (0792);
- Internal medicine (0705);
- Infectious diseases (0706);
- Dermatology and venereology (0707);
- Diabetology (0740);
- Laboratory diagnostics (0708);
- Endocrinology (0741);
- Gynaecologic endocrinology and reproductive medicine (Reproductive endocrinology and infertility?) (0799);
- Pediatric endocrinology and diabetology (0796);
- Epidemiology (0710);
- Clinical pharmacology (0742);
- Gastroenterology (0743);
- Pediatric gastroenterology (0797);
- Clinical genetics (0709);
- Geriatrics (0744);
- Gynecologic oncology (0787);
- Hematology (0745);
- Hypertension medicine (0788);
- Clinical immunology (0746);
- Intensive care medicine (0801);
- Cardiac surgery (0747);
- Cardiology (0748);
- Pediatric cardiology (0762);
- Aviation medicine (0793);
- Maritime and tropical medicine (0794);
- Nuclear medicine (0749);
- Palliative medicine (0750);
- Occupational medicine (0711);
- Emergency medicine (0712);
- Family medicine (0713);
- Forensic medicine (0714);
- Sports medicine (0751);
- Medical microbiology (0716);
- Nephrology (0752);
- Pediatric nephrology (0798);
- Neonatology (0753);
- Neurosurgery (0717);
- Neurology (0718);
- Pediatric neurology (0763);
- Neuropathology (0789);
- Ophthalmology (0719);
- Pediatric oncology and hematology (0755);
- Oncology (0754);
- Orthopedics and traumatology (0720);
- Otorhinolaryngology (0721);
- Pediatric otorhinolaryngology (0790);
- Pathology (0722);
- Pediatrics (0723);
- Metabolic pediatrics (0795);
- Perinatology (0800);
- Obstetrics and gynaecology (0724);
- Psychiatry (0725);
- Child and adolescent psychiatry (0756);
- Radiology and medical imaging (0726);
- Radiation therapy (0727);
- Medical rehabilitation (0728);
- Reumatology (0757);
- Sexual medicine (0758);
- Toxicology (0759);
- Transfusion medicine (0760);
- Transplant medicine (0761);
- Urology (0729);
- Pediatric urology (0791);
- Public health (0730).
Regulation
editregulated by acts of parliament and implementing government regulations. statutory bodies set for the are self-regulatory organisation local chambers of physicians (sg. okręgowa izba lekarska) arranged into districts, supervised by the Supreme Chamber of Physicians.
Naczelna Izba Lekarska | |
| Abbreviation | NIL |
|---|---|
President of the Supreme Council of Physicians | Łukasz Jankowski |
Governing body | Supreme Council of Physicians |
Main organ | National Congress of Physicians |
| Subsidiaries |
|
Senate of Poland
editOrganisation
editLeadership
editMarshal
editSenate works are led by the Marshal of the Senate, which is elected -?- senators with the majority vote at the first sitting of the chamber. Upon their election proceedings are led by the Senior Marshal designated out of the most senior senators by the President.
Presidium
editCouncil of Seniors
editCommittees
editAdministration
editAdministrative, organisational and technical matters are responsibilities of the Chancellery of the Senate, which assists the Marshal, Presidium, committies and senators with fullfiling daily tasks. Chancellery is headed with its chief appointed by the Marshal. Performed assignments include: stenographic recording of proceedings, legal and other substantive advising, payment of senators salaries and expences.
Powers and procedure
editDeputy Marshal of the Senate
edit| Deputy Marshal of the Senate | |
|---|---|
| Wicemarszałek Senatu | |
Incumbents since 13 November 2023 | |
| Senate of Poland |
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Deputy Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Wicemarszałek Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)[a] is a senator elected a deputy of the Senate Marshal, lider of the upper house of Polish legislature. Together Marshal and their deputies constitue the Presidium of the Senate.
List
editSecond Polish Republic (1918–1939)
editRepublic of Poland (since 1989)
edit9th term (2015–2019)
edit| Deputy marshal | Parliamentary group | Term of office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adam Bielan[1][2] | Law and Justice | 12 November 2015 | 28 May 2019 | |
| Bogdan Borusewicz[1] | Civic Platform | 12 November 2015 | 11 November 2019 | |
| Grzegorz Czelej[1][3] | Law and Justice | 12 November 2015 | 20 April 2017 | |
| Maria Koc[1] | Law and Justice | 12 November 2015 | 11 November 2019 | |
| Michał Seweryński[3] | Law and Justice | 20 April 2017 | 11 November 2019 | |
| Marek Pęk[4] | Law and Justice | 26 June 2019 | 11 November 2019 | |
| Serving under marshalship of Stanisław Karczewski (PiS). | ||||
10th term (2019–2023)
edit| Deputy marshal | Parliamentary group | Term of office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bogdan Borusewicz | Civic Coalition | 12 November 2019 | ||
| Michał Kamiński (PSL), Stanisław Karczewski (PiS) i Gabriela Morawska-Stanecka (Lewica) | ||||
| Serving under marshalship of Tomasz Grodzki (PO). | ||||
10th term (2019–2023)
edit| Deputy marshal | Parliamentary group | Term of office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bogdan Borusewicz | Civic Coalition | 12 November 2019 | 12 November 2023 | |
| Michał Kamiński | Polish Coalition | 12 November 2019 | 12 November 2023 | |
| Stanisław Karczewski | Law and Justice | 12 November 2019 | 13 May 2020 | |
| Gabriela Morawska-Stanecka | The Left | 12 November 2019 | 12 November 2023 | |
| Civic Coalition (since 16 August 2023) | ||||
| Marek Pęk | Law and Justice | 13 May 2020 | 12 November 2023 | |
| Serving under marshalship of Tomasz Grodzki (KO). | ||||
11th term (since 2023)
edit| Deputy marshal | Parliamentary group | Term of office | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magdalena Biejat | The Left | 13 November 2023 | Incumbents | |
| Rafał Grupiński | Civic Coalition | |||
| Michał Kamiński | Third Way | |||
| Maciej Żywno | Third Way | |||
| Serving under marshalship of Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska (KO). | ||||
Notes
edit- ^ lit. 'Vice Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland'
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Senat wybrał wicemarszałków. M.in. Bielan i Borusewicz". Dziennik Gazeta Prawna. 12 November 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Senatorowie / Sylwetki / Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej". senat.gov.pl. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ a b c "Wicemarszałek Senatu z PiS zrezygnował. "Ze względów prywatnych"". TVN24.pl. TVN. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Senator Pęk nowym wicemarszałkiem Senatu". polsatnews.pl. Polsat. 26 June 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ Kondzińska, Agata; Wroński, Paweł (12 November 2019). "Marszałek Grodzki. Opozycja bierze Senat". Gazeta Wyborcza. Agora. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ Dobrosz-Oracz, Justyna; Wójcik, Rafał (13 May 2020). "Karczewski odwołany w nocy z funkcji wicemarszałka. To PiS zmusił go do odejścia?". Gazeta Wyborcza. Agora. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
Office of Rail Transport (Poland)
edit| Urząd Transportu Kolejowego | |
 | |
 Office headquarters | |
| Office overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1 June 2003 |
| Preceding office |
|
| Jurisdiction | Poland |
| Headquarters | Eurocentrum Office Complex, 134 Aleje Jerozolimskie, Warsaw |
| Office executive |
|
| Website | www |
The President of the Office of Rail Transport (Polish: Urząd Transportu Kolejowego, UTK) is Polish non-ministerial central government administration offical responsible for regulation of rail transport. The President is appointed directly by the Polish prime minister and their Office is independent from any ministry within the government of Poland. The Office ensures safety, enforces standards, legal regulations and licenses railway operations troughout the country.
History
editIn 1997 the General Rail Inspectorate (Polish: Główny Inspektorat Kolejnictwa) was established for engineering supervision of railways and railway vehicles to ensure safety of railway operations. The Inspectorate also performed special costruction supervision of contructions on railway territories.[1][2] In 2003 as new Act on Rail Transport[a] was passed it was restructured into Office of Rail Transport headed by the President who was subordinate to a minister resposible for transport. The Office gained authority over regulating rail transport market as begining in 2000[3] it was comercialised to meet European Union.[1]
Purpose
editNotes
edit- ^ Act on Rail Transport of 2003 (Dz.U. 2003 nr 86 poz. 789):
- original text
- current binding text
- nonbinding translation of current text on official website of the Office of Rail Transport
References
edit- ^ a b "15 lat Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego - Aktualności - Urząd Transportu Kolejowego". utk.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ "Ustawa z dnia 27 czerwca 1997 r. o transporcie kolejowym". isap.sejm.gov.p (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
- ^ Wilczek-Karczewska, Magdalena (2015). "Rozwój kolei żelaznych na ziemiach polskich w ujęciu historycznoprawnym" (PDF). ikar.wz.uw.edu.pl. Internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny 2015, nr 1 (4) (in Polish). pp. 123–124. Retrieved 2023-01-07.