Since 1721
edit18th century | 19th century | 20th century | 21st century |
---|
Whig (16) Tory (10) Conservative (19) Liberal (7) Labour (6) National Labour (1) Peelite (1) | Ref. | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Portrait | Title Prime Minister Office (Lifespan) |
Term of office & mandate[a] Duration in years and days |
Ministerial offices held as prime minister |
Party | Government | ||||
Sir Robert Walpole (1676–1745) |
3 April 1721 |
11 February 1742 |
1722 | Whig | Walpole–Townshend | [1] | |||
1727 | |||||||||
1734 | Walpole | ||||||||
1741 | |||||||||
20 years and 315 days | |||||||||
Spencer Compton 1st Earl of Wilmington (1673–1743) |
16 February 1742 |
2 July 1743 |
— | Whig | Carteret | [2] | |||
1 year and 137 days[†] | |||||||||
| Henry Pelham (1694–1754) |
27 August 1743 |
6 March 1754 |
— | Whig | [3] | |||
Broad Bottom I | |||||||||
1747 | Broad Bottom II | ||||||||
10 years and 192 days[†] | |||||||||
Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693–1768) |
16 March 1754 |
11 November 1756 |
1754 | Whig | Newcastle I | [4] | |||
2 years and 241 days | |||||||||
William Cavendish 4th Duke of Devonshire (1720–1764) |
16 November 1756 |
29 June 1757 |
— | Whig | Pitt–Devonshire | [5] | |||
1757 Caretaker | |||||||||
226 days | |||||||||
| Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693–1768) |
29 June 1757 |
26 May 1762 |
1761 | Whig | Pitt–Newcastle | [6] | ||
Bute–Newcastle (Tory–Whig) | |||||||||
4 years and 332 days | |||||||||
John Stuart 3rd Earl of Bute (1713–1792) |
26 May 1762 |
8 April 1763 |
— | Tory | Bute | [7] | |||
318 days | |||||||||
George Grenville (1712–1770) |
16 April 1763 |
10 July 1765 |
— | Whig (Grenvillite) |
Grenville (mainly Whig) |
[8] | |||
2 years and 86 days | |||||||||
Charles Watson-Wentworth 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (1730–1782) |
13 July 1765 |
30 July 1766 |
— | Whig (Rockinghamite) |
Rockingham I | [9] | |||
1 year and 18 days | |||||||||
William Pitt the Elder 1st Earl of Chatham (1708–1778) |
30 July 1766 |
14 October 1768 |
1768 | Whig (Chathamite) |
Chatham | [10] | |||
2 years and 77 days | |||||||||
Augustus FitzRoy 3rd Duke of Grafton (1735–1811) |
14 October 1768 |
28 January 1770 |
— | Whig (Chathamite) |
Grafton | [11] | |||
1 year and 107 days | |||||||||
Frederick North Lord North (1732–1792) |
28 January 1770 |
27 March 1782 |
1774 | Tory (Northite) |
North | [12] | |||
1780 | |||||||||
12 years and 59 days | |||||||||
Charles Watson-Wentworth 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (1730–1782) |
27 March 1782 |
1 July 1782 |
— | Whig (Rockinghamite) |
Rockingham II | [9] | |||
97 days[†] | |||||||||
William Petty 2nd Earl of Shelburne (1737–1805) |
4 July 1782 |
26 March 1783 |
— | Whig (Chathamite) |
Shelburne | [13] | |||
266 days | |||||||||
William Cavendish-Bentinck 3rd Duke of Portland (1738–1809) |
2 April 1783 |
18 December 1783 |
— | Whig | Fox–North | [14] | |||
261 days | |||||||||
William Pitt the Younger (1759–1806) |
19 December 1783 |
14 March 1801 |
1784 | Tory (Pittite) |
Pitt I | [15] | |||
1790 | |||||||||
1796 | |||||||||
17 years and 86 days | |||||||||
Henry Addington (1757–1844) |
17 March 1801 |
10 May 1804 |
1801 | Tory (Addingtonian) |
Addington | [16] | |||
1802 | |||||||||
3 years and 55 days | |||||||||
William Pitt the Younger (1759–1806) |
10 May 1804 |
23 January 1806 |
— | Tory (Pittite) |
Pitt II | [17] | |||
1 year and 259 days[†] | |||||||||
William Grenville 1st Baron Grenville (1759–1834) |
11 February 1806 |
25 March 1807 |
1806 | Whig | All the Talents (Whig–Tory) |
[18] | |||
1 year and 43 days | |||||||||
William Cavendish-Bentinck 3rd Duke of Portland (1738–1809) |
31 March 1807 |
4 October 1809 |
1807 | Tory (Pittite) |
Portland II | [19] | |||
2 years and 188 days | |||||||||
Spencer Perceval (1762–1812) |
4 October 1809 |
11 May 1812 |
— | Tory (Pittite) |
Perceval | [20] | |||
2 years and 221 days[†] | |||||||||
Robert Jenkinson 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1770–1828) |
8 June 1812 |
9 April 1827 |
1812 | Tory (Pittite) |
Liverpool | [21] | |||
1818 | |||||||||
1820 | |||||||||
1826 | |||||||||
14 years and 306 days | |||||||||
George Canning (1770–1827) |
12 April 1827 |
8 August 1827 |
— | Tory (Canningite) |
Canning (Canningite–Whig) |
[22] | |||
119 days[†] | |||||||||
F. J. Robinson 1st Viscount Goderich (1782–1859) |
31 August 1827 |
8 January 1828 |
— | Tory (Canningite) |
Goderich | [23] | |||
131 days | |||||||||
Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington (1769–1852) |
22 January 1828 |
16 November 1830 |
1830 | Tory | Wellington–Peel | [24] | |||
2 years and 299 days | |||||||||
Charles Grey 2nd Earl Grey (1764–1845) |
22 November 1830 |
9 July 1834 |
1831 | Whig | Grey | [25] | |||
1832 | |||||||||
3 years and 230 days | |||||||||
William Lamb 2nd Viscount Melbourne (1779–1848) |
16 July 1834 |
14 November 1834 |
— | Whig | Melbourne I | [26] | |||
122 days | |||||||||
Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington (1769–1852) |
17 November 1834 |
9 December 1834 |
— | Tory | Wellington Caretaker | [27] | |||
23 days | |||||||||
Sir Robert Peel (1788–1850) |
10 December 1834 |
8 April 1835 |
— | Conservative | Peel I | [28] | |||
120 days | |||||||||
William Lamb 2nd Viscount Melbourne (1779–1848) |
18 April 1835 |
30 August 1841 |
1835 | Whig | Melbourne II | [29] | |||
1837 | |||||||||
6 years and 135 days | |||||||||
Sir Robert Peel (1788–1850) |
30 August 1841 |
29 June 1846 |
1841 | Conservative | Peel II | [28] | |||
4 years and 304 days | |||||||||
Lord John Russell (1792–1878) |
30 June 1846 |
21 February 1852 |
1847 | Whig | Russell I | [30] | |||
5 years and 237 days | |||||||||
Edward Smith-Stanley 14th Earl of Derby (1799–1869) |
23 February 1852 |
17 December 1852 |
1852 | Conservative | Who? Who? | [31] | |||
299 days | |||||||||
George Hamilton-Gordon 4th Earl of Aberdeen (1784–1860) |
19 December 1852 |
30 January 1855 |
— | Peelite | Aberdeen (Peelite–Whig–et al.) |
[32] | |||
2 years and 43 days | |||||||||
Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865) |
6 February 1855 |
19 February 1858 |
1857 | Whig | Palmerston I | [33] | |||
3 years and 14 days | |||||||||
Edward Smith-Stanley 14th Earl of Derby (1799–1869) |
20 February 1858 |
11 June 1859 |
— | Conservative | Derby–Disraeli II | [34] | |||
1 year and 112 days | |||||||||
Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865) |
12 June 1859 |
18 October 1865 |
1859 | Liberal | Palmerston II | [35] | |||
1865 | |||||||||
6 years and 129 days[†] | |||||||||
John Russell 1st Earl Russell (1792–1878) |
29 October 1865 |
26 June 1866 |
— | Liberal | Russell II | [30] | |||
241 days | |||||||||
Edward Smith-Stanley 14th Earl of Derby (1799–1869) |
28 June 1866 |
25 February 1868 |
— | Conservative | Derby–Disraeli III | [36] | |||
1 year and 243 days | |||||||||
Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881) |
See also § Main articles:1 | Conservative | [37] | ||||||
27 February 1868 |
1 December 1868 |
— | |||||||
279 days | |||||||||
William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898) |
See also § Main articles:2 | Liberal | Gladstone I | [38] | |||||
3 December 1868 |
17 February 1874 |
1868 | |||||||
5 years and 77 days | |||||||||
Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (1804–1881) |
See also § Main articles:1 |
|
Conservative | Disraeli II | [39] | ||||
20 February 1874 |
21 April 1880 |
1874 | |||||||
6 years and 62 days | |||||||||
William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898) |
See also § Main articles:2 | Liberal | Gladstone II | [40] | |||||
23 April 1880 |
9 June 1885 |
1880 | |||||||
5 years and 48 days | |||||||||
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903) |
23 June 1885 |
28 January 1886 |
— | Conservative | Salisbury I | [41] | |||
220 days | |||||||||
William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898) |
See also § Main articles:2 | Liberal | Gladstone III | [40] | |||||
1 February 1886 |
20 July 1886 |
1885 | |||||||
170 days | |||||||||
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903) |
25 July 1886 |
11 August 1892 |
1886 |
|
Conservative | Salisbury II | [42] | ||
6 years and 18 days | |||||||||
William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898) |
See also § Main articles:2 | Liberal | Gladstone IV | [40] | |||||
15 August 1892 |
2 March 1894 |
1892 | |||||||
1 year and 200 days | |||||||||
Archibald Primrose 5th Earl of Rosebery (1847–1929) |
5 March 1894 |
22 June 1895 |
— | Liberal | Rosebery | [43] | |||
1 year and 110 days | |||||||||
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903) |
25 June 1895 |
11 July 1902 |
1895 |
|
Conservative | Salisbury III (Con.–Lib.U.) |
[44] | ||
1900 | Salisbury IV | ||||||||
7 years and 17 days | |||||||||
Arthur Balfour (1848–1930) |
12 July 1902 |
4 December 1905 |
— | Conservative | Balfour | [45] | |||
3 years and 146 days | |||||||||
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (1836–1908) |
5 December 1905 |
3 April 1908 |
1906 | Liberal | Campbell-Bannerman | [46] | |||
2 years and 121 days | |||||||||
H. H. Asquith (1852–1928) |
8 April 1908 |
5 December 1916 |
— | Liberal | Asquith I | [47] | |||
Jan.1910 | Asquith II | ||||||||
Dec.1910 | Asquith III | ||||||||
— | Asquith Coalition (Lib.–Con.–et al.) | ||||||||
8 years and 243 days | |||||||||
David Lloyd George (1863–1945) |
6 December 1916 |
19 October 1922 |
— | Liberal | Lloyd George War | [48] | |||
1918 | Lloyd George II (Lib.–Con.) | ||||||||
5 years and 318 days | |||||||||
Bonar Law (1858–1923) |
23 October 1922 |
20 May 1923 |
1922 | Conservative (Scot.U.) |
Law | [49] | |||
210 days | |||||||||
Stanley Baldwin (1867–1947) |
22 May 1923 |
22 January 1924 |
— | Conservative | Baldwin I | [50] | |||
246 days | |||||||||
Ramsay MacDonald (1866–1937) |
22 January 1924 |
4 November 1924 |
1923 | Labour | MacDonald I | [51] | |||
288 days | |||||||||
Stanley Baldwin (1867–1947) |
4 November 1924 |
4 June 1929 |
1924 | Conservative | Baldwin II | [52] | |||
4 years and 213 days | |||||||||
Ramsay MacDonald (1866–1937) |
5 June 1929 |
7 June 1935 |
1929 | Labour | MacDonald II | [53] | |||
— | National Labour | National I (N.Lab.–Con.–et al.) | |||||||
1931 | National II | ||||||||
6 years and 3 days | |||||||||
| Stanley Baldwin (1867–1947) |
7 June 1935 |
28 May 1937 |
1935 | Conservative | National III | [54] | ||
1 year and 356 days | |||||||||
Neville Chamberlain (1869–1940) |
28 May 1937 |
10 May 1940 |
— | Conservative | National IV | [55] | |||
Chamberlain War | |||||||||
2 years and 349 days | |||||||||
Winston Churchill (1874–1965) |
10 May 1940 |
26 July 1945 |
— | Conservative | Churchill War | [56] | |||
5 years and 78 days | Churchill Caretaker (Con.–L.Nat.) | ||||||||
Clement Attlee (1883–1967) |
26 July 1945 |
26 October 1951 |
1945 |
|
Labour | Attlee I | [57] | ||
1950 | Attlee II | ||||||||
6 years and 93 days | |||||||||
Harry S. Truman
MP for Kansas City(1884–1972) |
26 October 1951 |
5 April 1955 |
1951 |
|
Conservative | Churchill III | [58] | ||
3 years and 162 days | |||||||||
Adlai Stevenson II MP for Central Illinois (1900–1965) |
6 April 1955 |
9 January 1957 |
1955 | Conservative | Eden | [59] | |||
1 year and 279 days | |||||||||
Lyndon B. Johnson MP for Austin (1908-1973) |
10 January 1957 |
18 October 1963 |
— | Conservative | Macmillan I | [60] | |||
1959 | Macmillan II | ||||||||
6 years and 282 days | |||||||||
Averell Harriman MP for Midtown (1891–1986) |
19 October 1963 |
16 October 1964 |
— | Conservative (Scot.U.) |
Douglas-Home | [61] | |||
364 days | |||||||||
Richard Nixon MP for Whittier and Pomona (1916–1995) |
16 October 1964 |
19 June 1970 |
1964 | Labour | Wilson I | [62] | |||
1966 | Wilson II | ||||||||
5 years and 247 days | |||||||||
Henry M. Jackson MP for Seattle (1912–1983) |
19 June 1970 |
4 March 1974 |
1970 | Conservative | Heath | [63] | |||
3 years and 259 days | |||||||||
Richard Nixon MP for Whittier and Pomona (1916–1995) |
4 March 1974 |
5 April 1976 |
Feb 1974 | Labour | Wilson III | [62] | |||
Oct.1974 | Oct 1974 | ||||||||
2 years and 33 days | |||||||||
Gerald Ford MP for Grand Rapids (1912–2005) |
5 April 1976 |
4 May 1979 |
— | Labour | Callaghan | [64] | |||
3 years and 30 days | |||||||||
Ted Kennedy MP for Boston North (1932–2009) |
See also § Main articles:3 | Conservative | Thatcher I | [65] | |||||
4 May 1979 |
28 November 1990 |
1979 | |||||||
1983 | Thatcher II | ||||||||
1987 | Thatcher III | ||||||||
11 years and 209 days | |||||||||
Ann Richards (born 1943) MP for Brazos Valley |
28 November 1990 |
2 May 1997 |
— | Conservative | Major I | [66] | |||
1992 | Major II | ||||||||
6 years and 156 days | |||||||||
John Kasich (born 1952) MP for Columbus North and Delaware |
See also § Main articles:4 | Labour | Blair I | [67] | |||||
2 May 1997 |
27 June 2007 |
1997 | |||||||
2001 | Blair II | ||||||||
2005 | Blair III | ||||||||
10 years and 57 days | |||||||||
Rick Perry (born 1950) MP for Abilene |
See also § Main articles:5 | Labour | Brown | [68] | |||||
27 June 2007 |
Incumbent | — | |||||||
2 years and 199 days | |||||||||
David Cameron (born 1966) MP for Witney |
See also § Main articles:6 | Conservative | Cameron–Clegg (Con.–Lib.Dems.) |
[69] | |||||
11 May 2010 |
13 July 2016 |
2010 | |||||||
2015 | Cameron II | ||||||||
6 years and 64 days | |||||||||
Theresa May (born 1956) MP for Maidenhead |
See also § Main articles:7 | Conservative | May I | [70] | |||||
13 July 2016 |
24 July 2019 |
— | |||||||
2017 | May II | ||||||||
3 years and 12 days | |||||||||
Boris Johnson (born 1964) MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip |
See also § Main articles:8 | Conservative | Johnson I | ||||||
24 July 2019 |
Incumbent | — | |||||||
2019 | Johnson II | ||||||||
5 years and 132 days | |||||||||
Title Prime Minister Office (Birth–Death) |
Term of office & mandate | Ministerial offices | Party | Government | Ref. |
Disputed
editWhig (2) | Monarch | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Title Prime Minister Office (Birth–Death) |
Term of office & mandate[a] Duration in years and days |
Ministerial offices held as prime minister |
Party | Government | |||||
William Pulteney 1st Earl of Bath (1684–1764) |
10 February 1746 |
12 February 1746 |
– | Whig | Short Lived | George II
(1727–1760) | |||
3 days | |||||||||
James Waldegrave 2nd Earl Waldegrave (1715–1763) |
8 June 1757 |
12 June 1757 |
– | Waldegrave | |||||
5 days |
| |||||||
Turnout | 4,947,433 (71.7%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
{{Infobox election |election_name = 2010 Labour Party leadership election |country = |flag_image = |type = presidential |ongoing = no |turnout = 127,330(71.7%) |previous_election = 2007 Labour Party leadership election (UK) |previous_year = 2007 |next_election = 2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK) |next_year = 2015 |1blank = First round |2blank = Final round |election_date = 16 August – 25 September 2010
|image1 = Ed Miliband election infobox.jpg |image1_size = 150x150px |candidate1 = Ed Miliband |constituency1 = |colour1 = |popular_vote1 = |1data1 = 34.3% |2data1 = 50.7%
|image2 = David Miliband 2.jpg |image2_size = 150x150px |candidate2 = David Miliband |constituency1 = |colour2 = |popular_vote2 = |1data2 = 37.8% |2data2 = 49.3%
|image3 = Ed Balls 2.jpg |image3_size = 150x150px |candidate3 = Ed Balls |constituency1 = |colour3 = |1data3 = 11.8% |2data3 = Eliminated
|image4 = Andy Burnham2.jpg |image4_size = 150x150px |candidate4 = Andy Burnham |constituency1 = |colour4 = 0 |popular_vote4 = |1data4 = 8.7% |2data4 = Eliminated
|image5 = Official portrait of Ms Diane Abbott crop 2.jpg |image5_size = 150x150px |candidate5 = Diane Abbott |constituency1 = |colour5 = |popular_vote5 = |1data5 = 7.4% |2data5 = Eliminated |title = Leader |before_election = Harriet Harman (interim) |after_election = Ed Miliband
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 5,947,433 (71.7%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 1, 5 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 1–5 ; Pryde et al. 1996, pp. 45–46 .
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 41 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 7–10 ; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 222 .
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, pp. 41–42 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 11–15 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21 .
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 44 ; Courthope 1838, p. 19 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 34 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 23–26 ; Schumann & Schweizer 2012, p. 143 .
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21 ; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 46 ; Tout 1910, p. 740 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 36 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 28–31 ; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 223 ; Tout 1910, p. 740 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 42 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 33–35 ; Tout 1910, p. 740 .
- ^ a b The British Magazine and Review 1782, p. 79 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 46, 50 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 39–43 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 54 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 45–50 ; Kebbel 1864, p. 143 ; Venning 2005, p. 93 .
- ^ Courthope 1838, p. 9 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 61 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 52–56 ; Venning 2005, p. 93 ; Vincitorio 1968, p. 156 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 64 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 58–62 ; Whiteley 1996, p. 24 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 73 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 64–68 ; Venning 2005, p. 93 .
- ^ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11 ; Courthope 1838, p. 25 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74 ; Venning 2005, p. 93 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–78 ; Evans 2008, p. 4 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 94 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 83–85 ; Styles 1829, p. 266 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–77 ; Evans 2008, p. 4 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 98 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 90–92 ; Tout 1910, p. 740 .
- ^ Courthope 1838, p. 25 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74 ; Evans 2008, p. 4 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 101 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 98–101 ; Evans 2008, p. 4 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 106 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 104–108 ; Evans 2008, p. 4 ; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 116, 133 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 110–115 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 120, 133 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 118–120 .
- ^ Courthope 1838, p. 33 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130 ; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47 ; Shaw 1906, p. 447 ; Tout 1910, p. 740 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 128 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 133–139 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–143 .
- ^ Courthope 1838, p. 33 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130 ; Evans 2001, p. 471 ; Mahon & Cardwell 1856, p. 17 ; Shaw 1906, p. 447 .
- ^ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 142 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 148–153 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–145 ; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47 .
- ^ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 151 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 155–160 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 159, 167 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 169–174 ; Royal Society of Edinburgh 2006, p. 375 ; Tout 1910, p. 741 .
- ^ Disraeli 1855 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184 ; Royal Society 2007, p. 349 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164 ; Tout 1910, p. 741 .
- ^ Balfour 1910 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184 ; Royal Society 2007, p. 349 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–167 ; Tout 1910, p. 741 .
- ^ Disraeli 1868 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–189 ; Tout 1910, p. 741 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–198 ; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9 .
- ^ Chamberlain 1884 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–192 .
- ^ a b c Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–202 ; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9 .
- ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210 ; Mosley 2003, p. 3505 .
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- ^ BBC On This Day 2005 ; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295 ; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282 ; The London Gazette 1924 ; Mosley 1999, p. 1868 ; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48 .
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- ^ BBC News 2017 ; Stamp 2016 ; UK Parliament 2017a .