Wikipedia

User:Footy2000/sandbox7

< User:Footy2000

<Sandbox6—sandbox>

Jupiter missions Saturn missions Uranus missions Neptune missions

Minor planets

edit

There have been thity two overall missions towards minor planets, with four of them being flyby missions that were not intended to explore minor planets, marked in grey background.[1][2]

Many minor planets are in two domains:

  • Asteroid belt, between 2–3 AU (0.30–0.45 billion km)
  • Kuiper belt, between 30–60 AU (4.5–9.0 billion km)
Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Destination Mission type Outcome
– Pioneer 10 Pioneer 10 2 March 1972 Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D Star-37E   NASA Unnamed asteroid[3] Flyby —
307 Nike Successful
Distant incidental flyby of an unknown asteriod and 307 Nike en route to Jupiter; flyby occurred on 2 August 1972 with closest approach of 8.85 million kilometers (5.5 million miles) and 8.8 million kilometers (5.4 million miles) respectively.
– Galileo project Galileo 18 October 1989 Space Shuttle Atlantis
STS-34 / IUS 		  NASA 951 Gaspra Flyby Successful
243 Ida Successful
Incidental flybys en route to Jupiter; flyby of 951 Gaspra occurred on 29 October 1991 with closest approach of 1,604 kilometres (997 mi) at 22:37 UTC; discovered Dactyl; flyby of 243 Ida occurred on 28 August 1993 with closest approach of 2,410 kilometres (1,500 mi) at 16:51:59 UTC.[4]
1 DSPSE Clementine 25 January 1994 Titan II(23)G   NASA 1620 Geographos Flyby Spacecraft failure
Attitude control failure; failed to leave geocentric orbit after first phase of mission exploring the Moon. Flyby had been planned for August 1994[5]
2 Discovery 1 NEAR Shoemaker 17 February 1996 Delta II 7925   NASA 253 Mathilde Flyby Successful
433 Eros Orbiter Mostly successful
Closest approach 1,212 kilometres (753 mi) at 12:56 UTC on 27 June 1997. The orbiter aborted burn three days before arrival at Eros resulting in failure to enter orbit, instead flew past at 3,827 kilometres (2,378 mi) at 18:41:23 on 23 December 1998. Insertion reattempted successfully on 14 February 2000. Impacted asteroid at 20:01 on 12 February 2001 at end of mission, but survived impact and continued to operate on surface until 1 March.[6]
– Cassini-Huygens Cassini 15 October 1997[1] Titan IV(401)B Centaur-T[7]   NASA 2685 Masursky Flyby —
Distant incidental flyby en route to Saturn; closest approach 1.5 million kilometres (0.9 million miles) at 09:58 UTC on 23 January 2000[8]
3 Deep Space 1 Deep Space 1 24 October 1998 Delta II 7326   NASA 4015 Wilson–Harrington[9] Flyby Spacecraft failure
9969 Braille Partial failure
Spacecraft was unable to reach the asteroid due to ion engine operation being suspended while a problem with the probe's star tracker was investigated.[10] Closest approach 28.3 kilometres (17.6 mi) at 04:46 UTC[10] on 29 July 1999. Intended to pass within 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) but this was not achieved due to a computer failure; poor-quality images returned as a result.[11] Flyby added to mission following loss of ability to reach Wilson–Harrington.
4 Discovery 4 Stardust 7 February 1999 Delta II 7426   NASA 5535 Annefrank[12] Flyby Successful
Closest approach of 3,079 kilometres (1,913 mi) at 04:50:20 UTC on 2 November 2002.
5 Hayabusa (formerly: MUSES-C) Hayabusa 9 May 2003 M-V   JAXA 25143 Itokawa Orbiter/Lander/Sample returner Successful
MINERVA Lander Failure
First asteroid sample return mission. Reached Itokawa on 12 September 2005, landed briefly on 19 and 25 November, collected samples, missed return window due to communications outage, finally returned to Earth on 13 June 2010. MINERVA deployable lander was deployed from Hayabusa on 12 November 2005 but was accidentally released while Hayabusa was moving away from Itokawa; reached escape velocity and drifted off into heliocentric orbit
6 Cornerstone 3 Rosetta 2 March 2004 Ariane 5G+   ESA 2867 Šteins Flyby Successful
21 Lutetia Successful
Philae 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko Lander Successful
Closest approach of Šteins at 800 kilometres (500 mi) on 5 September 2008. Closest approach of Lutetia at 3,162 kilometres (1,965 mi) on 10 July 2010. Rendezvous 6 August 2014, orbit on 10 September 2014

Philae (lander) landed on 12 November 2014, Rosetta itself landed on 30 September 2016.

7 Discovery 7 Deep Impact 12 January 2005 Delta II 7426   NASA (163249) 2002 GT Flyby Spacecraft failure
(Extended mission)
Extended mission (EPOXI), flyby was expected in 2020, but communication with the spacecraft was lost in August 2013.
8 New Frontiers 1 New Horizons 19 January 2006 Atlas V 551   NASA 132524 APL Incidental flyby —
134340 Pluto and its five moons. Flyby Successful
486958 Arrokoth Successful
First probe to flyby Pluto and take detailed pictures of it. Closest approach of APL at 101,867 kilometres (63,297 mi) at 04:05 UTC on 13 June 2006. Flyby of Pluto occurred on 14 July 2015.
9 Discovery 9 Dawn 27 September 2007 Delta II 7925H   NASA 4 Vesta Orbiter Successful
1 Ceres Successful
Orbited Vesta from 16 July 2011 to 5 September 2012, before departing for Ceres. Arrived to Ceres in 2015.
10 Chang'e-2 Chang'e-2 1 October 2010 Long March 3C   CNSA 4179 Toutatis Flyby Successful
Flyby on 13 December 2012, closest approach 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi).
11 Hayabusa2 Hayabusa-2 3 December 2014 H-IIA 202   JAXA 162173 Ryugu Orbiter/Lander/Sample Returner Successful
DCAM-3 Orbiter Successful
SCI impactor Impactor Successful
HIBOU Lander Successful
OWL Successful
MINERVA II-2 Spacecraft failure
MASCOT Successful
PROCYON (185851) 2000 DP107 Flyby Spacecraft failure
Hayabusa-2 Arrived in 2018, landed in February and July 2019; sample returned to Earth on 5 December 2020 UTC. HIBOU and OWL were both deployed on 21 September 2018. MASCOT was deployed on 3 October 2018; operated for 17 hours. DCAM-3 and SCI Impactor were deployed on 5 April 2019; DCAM-3 observed SCI impact. MINERVA-II was deployed on 2 October 2019 and it had failed prior to deployment, but was deployed anyway to observe the effects of gravity on it as it descended to the surface. PROCYON flyby of 2000 DP had been planned for 2016; cancelled due to ion engine failure in heliocentric orbit.[13]
12 New Frontiers 3 OSIRIS-REx / OSIRIS-APEx[a] 8 September 2016 Atlas V 411   NASA 101955 Bennu Orbiter/Sample Returner Successful
99942 Apophis Orbiter/Regolith Disturber enroute
Successfully collected sample of Bennu on 20 October 2020 and ejected the sample capsule bound for Earth on 24 September 2023. Enroute to Apophis on 8 April 2029; part of extended mission as OSIRIS-APEx.
13 Discovery 13 Lucy 16 October 2021 Atlas V 401   NASA 152830 Dinkinesh Flyby Successful
52246 Donaldjohanson arrives on 20 April 2025
3548 Eurybates enroute
15094 Polymele enroute
11351 Leucus enroute
21900 Orus enroute
617 Patroclus enroute
Closest approach of Dinkinesh at 425 km (264 mi) at 16:54 UTC on 1 November 2023. Flyby of Donaldjohanson on 20 April 2025, Eurybates on 12 August 2027, Polymele on 15 September 2027, Leucus on 18 April 2028, Orus on 11 November 2028 and Patroclus on 2 March 2033.
14 SSE 1 DART 24 November 2021 Falcon 9   NASA Dimorphos Impactor Successful
LICIACube   ASI 65803 Didymos system Flyby Successful
DART impacted 23:14 UTC 26 September 2022. LICIACube flewby on Flyby on 26 September 2022.
– NEA Scout NEA Scout 16 November 2022 SLS Block 1   NASA GE 2020 Flyby Spacecraft failure
Spacecraft was to perform a series of lunar flybys before targeting asteroid in September 2023, but after launch contact was lost and later the mission was declared as a failure.
15 Discovery 14 Psyche 16 November 2022 Falcon Heavy   NASA 16 Psyche Orbiter enroute
Arrives in August 2029.[14]

Future missions

edit
Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Destination Mission type
Odin Brokkr-2 2024 Falcon 9 Block 5   AstroForge undisclosed Flyby
Expected to reach its M-type near-Earth target about nine months after launch.[15][16][17][18]
Hera Hera October 2024 Ariane 6   ESA 65803 Didymos Orbiter
Arrives in December 2026 according to current plans.[19]
Tianwen-2 Tianwen-2 May 2025[20] Long March 3B   CNSA 469219 Kamoʻoalewa Orbiter/lander/Sample return
Planned arrival in 2026[21][22]
DESTINY+ DESTINY+ 2025[23] Epsilon S   JAXA 3200 Phaethon Flyby
Planned arrival in 2029.[24]
MBR Explorer MBR March 2028[25] TBD   UAESA 10253 Westerwald Flyby
623 Chimaera
13294 Rockox
(88055) 2000 VA28
(23871) 1998 RC76
(59980) 1999 SG6
MBR Lander 269 Justitia Orbiter/lander
Planned arrival to Westerwald in February 2030, to Rockox in January 2031, to 2000 VA28 in July 2032 and landing on Justitia in October 2034.

Major milestones

edit
Legend

  Milestone achieved
  Milestone not achieved
† First to achieve

Asteroid belt
Country/Agency Flyby Orbit Impact Touchdown Lander Hopper Rover Sample return
  United States Pioneer 10, (unnamed asteroid) 1972 † NEAR Shoemaker, (Eros) 2000 † NEAR Shoemaker, (Eros) 2001 † OSIRIS-REx, 2020 — — — OSIRIS-REx, 2023
  Japan — — SCI, (Ryugu) 2014 Hayabusa, (Itokawa) 2005 † — HIBOU and OWL, (Ryugu) 2018 † — Hayabusa, (Itokawa) 2010 †
  ESA Rosetta, (Šteins) 2008 Rosetta, (Churyumov–Gerasimenko) 2014 — — Philae, (Churyumov–Gerasimenko) 2014 † — — —
  China Chang'e, (Toutatis) 2012 — — — — — — —
  Italy LICIACube, (Didymos system) 2022 — — — — — — —
Kuiper belt
Country/Agency Flyby Orbit
  United States New Horizons, (Pluto) 2015 † —

Future missions

edit
Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Type
Europa Clipper Europa Clipper 10 October 2024 Falcon Heavy   ESA Jupiter Orbiter with Europa flybys
IM-1 Shensuo TBD 2024 TBD   CNSA Interstellar heliospheric probe with Jovian gravity assist; planned flybys of Jupiter and 50000 Quaoar
IM-2 Shensuo TBD 2024 TBD   CNSA Interstellar heliospheric probe with Jovian gravity assist; planned flybys of Jupiter, Neptune, Triton and a Kuiper belt object
Tianwen-4 Tianwen-4 TBD September 2029 TBD   CNSA Jupiter and Callisto orbiter
Uranus flyby probe Flyby past Uranus; with mission extension planned for interstellar journey
Dragonfly Dragonfly TBD July 2028 TBD   NASA Titan robotic rotorcraft
Uranus Orbiter and Probe Uranus orbiter NET 2031 Falcon Heavy (expendable)   NASA Uranus orbiter after a flyby of Jupiter
Uranus probe Uranus atmospheric probe

Statistics

edit

Major milestones

edit
Legend

  Milestone achieved
  Milestone not achieved
  En route
† First to achieve

Planets
Country/Agency Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Flyby Orbit Artmospheric entry Flyby Orbit Artmospheric entry Flyby Flyby
  United States Pioneer 10, 1973 † Galileo, 1995 † Atmospheric probe, 1995 † Pioneer 11, 1979 † Cassini, 2004 † Cassini, 2017 † Voyager 2, 1986 † Voyager 2, 1989 †
  ESA Ulysses, 1992 — — — — — — —
Galilean moons
Country/Agency Ganymade Callisto Io Europa
Flyby Orbit Flyby Flyby Flyby
  United States Pioneer 10, 1973 † — Pioneer 10, 1973 † Pioneer 10, 1973 † Pioneer 10, 1973 †
  ESA JUICE, TBD 2034 JUICE, TBD 2034 — — —
Major Saturnian moons
Country/Agency Titan Rhea Iapetus Dione Tethys Enceladus Mimas
Flyby Orbit Lander Flyby Flyby Flyby Flyby Flyby Flyby
  United States Pioneer 11, 1979 † — — Pioneer 11, 1979 † Pioneer 11, 1979 † Pioneer 11, 1979 † Pioneer 11, 1979 † Pioneer 11, 1979 † Pioneer 11, 1979 †
  ESA — — Huygens, 2005 † — — — — — —

Uranus

edit
Main article: Exploration of Uranus

Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have visited Uranus, making a single flyby as part of its grand tour of the outer planets.

Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission Type Outcome
1 Voyager 2 (earlier: Mariner 12) Voyager 2 20 August 1977[1] Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T[26]   NASA Flyby Successful
Discovered eleven moons. Flew past Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon. Closest approach at 17:59 UTC on 24 January 1986. Later flew past Neptune.[27]

Neptune

edit
Main article: Exploration of Neptune

Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have visited Neptune, making a single flyby as part of its grand tour of the outer planets.

Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission Type Outcome
1 Voyager 2 (earlier: Mariner 12) Voyager 2 20 August 1977[1] Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T[26]   NASA Flyby Successful
Discovered Neptunian rings and six new moons. Galatea, Larissa, Proteus and Triton. Closest approach at 03:26 UTC on 25 August 1989[27]

Saturn

edit
Main article: Exploration of Saturn

Four spacecraft have visited Saturn; Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 made flybys, while Cassini–Huygens entered orbit, and deployed a probe into the atmosphere of Titan.

Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission Type Outcome
1 Pioneer 11 (Pioneer G) Pioneer 11 6 April 1973 Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A[28]   ESA Flyby Successful
First probe to reach Saturnian system. Closest approach on 1 September 1979 at 16:31 UTC. Flew past Iapetus, Dione, Mimas, Tethys, Enceladus, Rhea and Titan at long distances. Discovered Epimetheus and Janus.[29]
2 Voyager 2 (earlier: Mariner 12) Voyager 2 20 August 1977[1] Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T[26]   NASA Flyby Successful
Closest approach at 01:21 UTC on 26 August 1981. Flew past Iapetus, Titan, Dione, Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys and Rhea at long distances. Later flew past Uranus and Neptune.[27]
3 Voyager 1 (earlier: Mariner 11) Voyager 1 5 September 1977[1] Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T[26]   NASA Flyby Successful
Closest approach on 12 November 1980 at 23:45 UTC. Flew past Titan, Tethys, Mimas, Enceladus and Rhea.[30][27]
4 Cassini–Huygens Cassini 15 October 1997[1] Titan IV(401)B Centaur-T[7]     NASA/ESA Orbiter Successful
Huygens Titan lander Successful
Entered orbit 1 July 2004. First probe to orbit Saturn. Discovered seven new moons. Hyugens lander became the first spacecraft to land on Titan with the farthest landing from Earth a spacecraft ever made. It was deployed from Cassini and landed at 10:13 UTC on 14 January 2005. Mission concluded on 15 September 2017.[8]

Jupiter

edit
Main article: Exploration of Jupiter

Eight spacecraft have been launched to explore Jupiter, with two other spacecraft making gravity-assist flybys.

New Horizons, although eventually targeting Pluto, used Jupiter for a gravity assist and had an extensive almost half year observation campaign of Jupiter and its moons (hence it is counted in the eight).[31]

  Gravity assist, destination elsewhere
Mission Spacecraft Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission Type Outcome
1 Pioneer 10 (originally Pioneer F) Pioneer 10 3 March 1972[1] Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D[28]   NASA Flyby Successful[32]
Humanity's first object to attain Solar system's escape velocity. First probe to traverse the asteroid belt, to reach Jovanian system, to use a gravity assist and to leave the proximity of Solar systems' planets. Held the record for fastest human-made object at the time and the most distant one until Voyager 1 overtook in 1998. Closest approach towards Jupiter was at 02:25 UTC on 4 December 1973. Final signal recieved on 23 January 2003, 12 billion km (80 AU; 7.5 billion mi) from Earth.[33]
2 Pioneer 11 (Pioneer G) Pioneer 11 6 April 1973[1] Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A[28]   NASA Flyby Successful[34]
Closest approach towards Jupiter at 05:22 UTC on 3 December 1974. First probe to reach Saturnian system. Final contact was roughly at a distance of 6.5 billion km (43 AU; 4.0 billion mi)[29]
3 Voyager 2 (earlier: Mariner 12) Voyager 2 20 August 1977[1] Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T[26]   NASA Flyby Successful
Closest approach at 22:29 on 9 July 1979, later flew past Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Oldest active space probe at 47 years, 1 month, 8 days. Currently studying interstellar medium. At a distance of 136.1 AU (20.4 billion km; 12.7 billion mi) from Earth as of May 2024[27]
4 Voyager 1 (earlier: Mariner 11) Voyager 1 5 September 1977[1] Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T[26]   NASA Flyby Successful
Closest approach at 12:05 UTC on 5 March 1979, later flew past Saturn. First probe to depart heliosphere and enter interstellar medium. Most distant human-made object at a distance of 162.7 AU (24.3 billion km; 15.1 billion mi) from Earth as of May 2024.[30]
5 Galileo project Galileo 18 October 1989[1] Space Shuttle Atlantis
STS-34 / IUS[35] 		  NASA Orbiter Successful[36]
Atmopsheric entry probe Atmospheric probe Successful[36]
First probe to enter Jupiter's atmosphere. Entered at 22:04 UTC on 7 December 1995 and operated for 57 minutes; main spacecraft entered orbit at 00:27 UTC on 8 December.[4] Spacecraft was deorbited on 21 September 2003, impacting Jupiter's atmosphere at 18:57:18 UTC.[37]
– Ulysses (earlier: Odysseus) Ulysses 6 October 1990[1] Space Shuttle Discovery
STS-41 / IUS[38] 		    NASA/ESA Flyby Successful
Flyby on 8 February 1992 to reach a high-inclination heliocentric orbit.[39] Also made a distant incidental flyby on 4 February 2004[40]
– Cassini–Huygens Cassini 15 October 1997[1] Titan IV(401)B Centaur-T[7]     NASA/ESA Flyby Successful
Huygens lander Successful
Flyby on 30 December 2000 en route to Saturn[41]
6 New Horizons New Horizons 19 January 2006[1] Atlas V 551[42]   NASA Flyby Successful
Gravity assist[42]Major observation campaign from Jan-June[31]. Flyby on 28 February 2007 (closest approach at 05:43:40[43]) en route to Pluto[44]. First probe to flyby Plutonian system.
7 Juno (New Frontiers 2) Juno 5 August 2011[1] Atlas V 551[45]   NASA Orbiter Operational
Entered orbit 4 July 2016. First outer planet explorer probe with solar panels.[46]
8 JUICE JUICE 14 April 2023 Ariane 5 ECA   ESA Flyby En route
First interplanetary spacecraft to the outer Solar System planets not launched by the United States and the first set to orbit a moon (Ganymade) other than Earth's Moon.

Mission milestone by country

edit
Legend

  Achieved
  Failed attempt
† First to achieve

Mars missions
Country/Organisation Flyby Orbit Impact Lander Rover Powered flight Sample return Crewed Landing
  United States Mariner 4, 1965 † Mariner 9, 1971 † Viking 1, 1976 Viking 1, 1976 Soujourner, 1997 † Ingenuity, 2021 † — —
  China Tianwen-1, 2021 Tianwen-1, 2021 — Tianwen-1, 2021 Zhurong, 2021 — — —
  Soviet Union Mars 2, 1971 Mars 2, 1971 Mars 2 Lander, 1971 † Mars 3, 1971 † PrOP-M, 1971 — — —
  ESA TGO, 2016 TGO, 2016 Schiaparelli EDM, 2016 Schiaparelli EDM, 2016 — — — —
  Russia TGO, 2016 TGO, 2016 Mars 96, 1996 Mars 96, 1996 — — — —
  India MOM, 2014 MOM, 2014 — — — — — —
  United Arab Emirates Hope, 2021 Hope, 2021 — — — — — —
  United Kingdom — — Beagle 2, 2003 Beagle 2, 2003 — — — —
  Japan Nozomi, 1998 Nozomi, 1998 — — — — — —
Phobos missions
Country/Organisation Impact Lander Rover Sample return
  Soviet Union Phobos 1, 1988 Phobos 1, 1988 Phobos 1, 1988 —
  Russia Fobos-Grunt, 2011 Fobos-Grunt, 2011 — Fobos-Grunt, 2011

Mission milestone by country

edit

This is a list of major milestones achieved by country. Recorded is the first spacecraft from each respective country to accomplish each milestone, to regardless of mission type or intended outcome. For example, Beresheet was not intended to be an impactor, but achieved that milestone incidentally.

Legend

  Milestone achieved
  Milestone not achieved
† First to achieve

Country/

Agency

Flyby Orbit Impact Lander Rover Sample return Crewed landing
  United States Pioneer 4, 1959 Lunar Orbiter 1, 1966 Ranger 4, 1962 Surveyor 1, 1966 Lunar Roving Vehicle, 1971 Apollo 11, 1969 † Apollo 11, 1969 †
  Soviet Union Luna 1, 1959 † Luna 10, 1966 † Luna 2, 1959 † Luna 9, 1966 † Lunokhod 1, 1970 † Luna 16, 1970 —
  China Chang'e 5-T1, 2014 Chang'e 1, 2007 Chang'e 1, 2009 Chang'e 3, 2013 Yutu 1, 2013 Chang'e 5, 2020 —
  India Chandrayaan 3, 2023 Chandrayaan 1, 2008 MIP, 2008 Chandrayaan 3, 2023 Pragyan, 2023 — —
  Japan Hiten, 1990 Hiten, 1993 Hiten, 1993 SLIM, 2024 LEV-1, 2024 — —
  Israel — Beresheet, 2019 Beresheet, 2019 Beresheet, 2019 — — —
  Russia — Luna 25, 2023 Luna 25, 2023 Luna 25, 2023 — — —
  ESA — SMART-1, 2003 SMART-1, 2006 — — — —
  Luxembourg 4M, 2014 — 4M, 2022 — — — —
  South Korea — Danuri, 2022 — — — — —
  Italy ArgoMoon, 2022 — — — — — —
  UAE — — Rashid, 2023 — Rashid, 2023 — —
  Pakistan — ICUBE-Q, 2024 — — — — —
  Mexico — — — — Colmena, 2024 — —

MAHSR

edit
Further information: Mumbai-Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor
type length % of total
viaducts 460.3 km (286.0 mi) 90.6%
tunnels 25.87 km (16.07 mi) 5.1%
cut and fill 12.9 km (8.0 mi) 2.5%
bridges 9.22 km (5.73 mi) 1.8%

[47][48][49]

Work Progress
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024*
Land acquisition 1.4%[47] 45%[48] 64%[50] 78%[51] 99%[52] 99%[53] 100%[54]
Piling 0% 0% 0% 2.5%[49] 36%[55] 74%[56] 73%
Piers 0% 0% 0% 2.5%[49] 25%[55] 57%[56] 65%[57]
Viaduct 0% 0% 0% 0% 3.4%[55] 24%[56] 25%[58]
Tracks 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 21 April 2013. Cite error: The named reference "LL" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Interplanetary Probes". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  3. ^ "45 Years Ago, Pioneer 10 First to Explore Jupiter". It [pioneer 10] passed within 5.5 million miles of an unnamed 0.5-mile diameter asteroid on Aug. 2
  4. ^ a b "Solar System Exploration - Galileo". NASA. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013. Cite error: The named reference "NASA-G" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ "Solar System Exploration - Clementine". NASA. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  6. ^ "Solar System Exploration - NEAR Shoemaker". NASA. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  7. ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter. "Cassini". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 21 April 2013. Cite error: The named reference "GSP-Cass" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b "Solar System Exploration - Cassini". NASA. Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2013. Cite error: The named reference "NASA-CASS" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  9. ^ Wilson–Harrington is catalogued as both a comet and an asteroid
  10. ^ a b "Solar System Exploration - Deep Space 1". NASA. Archived from the original on 18 August 2004. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  11. ^ Rayman, Marc D.; Varghese, Philip (2001). "The Deep Space 1 Extended Mission" (PDF). Acta Astronautica. 48 (5–12): 693–705. Bibcode:2001AcAau..48..693R. doi:10.1016/s0094-5765(01)00044-3.
  12. ^ "STARDUST Successfully Images Asteroid Annefrank During Dress Rehearsal". NASA. 4 November 2002. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  13. ^ "Due to ion engine failure, PROCYON will not fly by an asteroid".
  14. ^ "NASA Continues Psyche Asteroid Mission". JPL. NASA. 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  15. ^ "Asteroid mining startup to launch mission in early 2024". mining.com. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  16. ^ "AstroForge Conducts Hot Fire Test Ahead of Early 2024 Mission". payloadspace.com. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  17. ^ "Astroforge's Brokkr-2 Spacecraft Aims to Commercialize Space Mining". ts2.space. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  18. ^ "This Asteroid Mining Startup Is Ready To Launch The First-Ever Commercial Deep Space Mission". forbes.com. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  19. ^ "ESA - Hera". Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  20. ^ "天问二号已基本完成初样研制，预计2025年5月前后发射" [Tianwen-2 has basically completed the development of the first sample and is expected to be launched around May 2025]. Guancha. 24 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  21. ^ Jones, Andrew (5 August 2020). "China is moving ahead with lunar south pole and near-Earth asteroid missions". SpaceNews. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  22. ^ Jones, Andrew (30 June 2021). "China outlines space plans to 2025". SpaceNews. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  23. ^ Jones, Andrew (6 November 2023). "Japan's mission to bizarre asteroid Phaethon delayed to 2025". Space.com. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  24. ^ Sommer, M.; Krüger, H.; Srama, R.; Hirai, T.; Kobayashi, M.; Arai, T.; Sasaki, S.; Kimura, H.; Moragas-Klostermeyer, G.; Strub, P.; Lohse, A.-K. (21 September 2020). Destiny+ Dust Analyzer – Campaign & timeline preparation for interplanetary & interstellar dust observation during the 4-year transfer phase from Earth to Phaethon. Europlanet Science Congress 2020. Copernicus Publications. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  25. ^ Foust, Jeff (3 June 2023). "UAE outlines plans for asteroid mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  26. ^ a b c d e f Krebs, Gunter. "Voyager 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  27. ^ a b c d e "Solar System Exploration - Voyager 2". NASA. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  28. ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter. "Pioneer 10, 11, H". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  29. ^ a b "Solar System Exploration - Pioneer 11". NASA. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  30. ^ a b "Solar System Exploration - Voyager 1". NASA. Archived from the original on 15 August 2004. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  31. ^ a b NASA Jupiter Press Kit (pdf)
  32. ^ "Solar System Exploration - Pioneer 10". NASA. Archived from the original on 15 August 2004. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  33. ^ "Solar System Exploration - Pioneer 10". NASA. Archived from the original on 23 June 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  34. ^ "Solar System Exploration - Pioneer 11". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 January 2004. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  35. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Galileo". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  36. ^ a b "Solar System Exploration - Galileo". NASA. Archived from the original on 24 February 2004. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  37. ^ "Solar System Exploration - Galileo - Dates". NASA. Archived from the original on 24 February 2004. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  38. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Ulyssees". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  39. ^ "Solar System Exploration - Ulysses". NASA. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  40. ^ "Ulysses - Encounter Trajectory". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  41. ^ "Solar System Exploration - Cassini - Dates". NASA. Archived from the original on 15 August 2004. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  42. ^ a b Krebs, Gunter. "New Horizons". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  43. ^ Muller, Daniel. "New Horizons Full Mission Timeline". Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  44. ^ "New Horizons targets Jupiter kick". BBC News. 19 January 2007. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  45. ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Juno (New Frontiers 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  46. ^ Amos, Jonathan (4 July 2016). "Juno probe enters into orbit around Jupiter". BBC News. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  47. ^ a b "Till October 18, just 1.46% of land for bullet train was acquired". The Times of India. 5 January 2019. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  48. ^ a b "Mumbai–Ahmedabad bullet train fare to be around ₹3,000". Mint. 12 September 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  49. ^ a b c "For India's Bullet Train, First Full-Span Box Girder Erected To Speed Up Project". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
  50. ^ "Can India get its first bullet train by 2023? | An RTI story". India Today. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  51. ^ "Why the bullet train project has moved at slow speed". The Times of India. 2021-12-30. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  52. ^ "More than 98% land acquired for bullet train project in Maharashtra: Railway ministry". The Times of India. 2022-12-19. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  53. ^ www.ETInfra.com. "Launch of work for first undersea tunnel for bullet train: NHSRCL - ET Infra". ETInfra.com. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  54. ^ "India's bullet train dream inches closer: 100% Land acquired for Ahmedabad-Mumbai bullet train project". The Economic Times. 2024-01-09. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  55. ^ a b c @RailMinIndia (December 19, 2022). "Bullet Train Progress (as on 13.12.22)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  56. ^ a b c Siddharatha (2023-12-22). "Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail Corridor Progresses with Major Achievements". News Station, Latest News, Samachar, Indian Railways, News. Retrieved 2024-04-19.
  57. ^ {{cite tweet |user=nhsrcl |number=1779461166579982658 |title=Milestone Achieved!)}
  58. ^ {{cite tweet |user=RailMinIndia|number=1757016006814294229 |title=Viksit Bharat’s first High speed train in the making!)}


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Footy2000/sandbox7&oldid=1248243831"