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Other immunotherapies aim to prevent inflammation by blocking autoantibody binding to FcRn with higher affinity antibodies.[1]
In the kidneys, FcRn is expressed on epithelial cells called podocytes to prevent IgG from clogging the glomeruli and albumin from being excreted.[2]
Current studies are investigating FcRn in the liver because there is relatively low concentrations of both IgG and albumin in liver bile despite high concentrations in the blood.[3]
Neonatal Fc receptor expression is up-regulated by proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and down-regulated by IFN-γ.[4]
FcRn is expressed on antigen-presenting lymphocytes like dendritic cells and is also expressed in neutrophils to help clear opsonized bacteria.[4]
Several autoimmune disorders are caused by the reaction of IgG to self antigens. New therapies seek to disrupt the IgG-FcRn interaction to increase the clearance of these pathogenic IgG from the body. One such therapy is the infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to bind available FcRn and prevent pathogenic IgG binding, thereby increasing pathogenic IgG clearance.[5]
I would like to add an image on FcRn-mediated recycling/transcytosis from the cited source, but sharing images on Wikipedia seems like a lot of trouble. I may just make my own image.[5]
Notes
editadds section heading
- ^ Nimmerjahn, Falk; Ravetch, Jeffrey V. (2008-01-01). "Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Intravenous Immunoglobulin". Annual Review of Immunology. 26 (1): 513–533. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090232. PMID 18370923.
- ^ Bern, Malin; Sand, Kine Marita Knudsen; Nilsen, Jeannette; Sandlie, Inger; Andersen, Jan Terje (2015-08-10). "The role of albumin receptors in regulation of albumin homeostasis: Implications for drug delivery". Journal of Controlled Release. 211: 144–162. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.006.
- ^ Sand, Kine Marita Knudsen; Bern, Malin; Nilsen, Jeannette; Noordzij, Hanna Theodora; Sandlie, Inger; Andersen, Jan Terje (2015-01-26). "Unraveling the Interaction between FcRn and Albumin: Opportunities for Design of Albumin-Based Therapeutics". Frontiers in Immunology. 5. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00682. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 4306297. PMID 25674083.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Kuo, Timothy T., Kristi Baker, Masaru Yoshida, Shuo-Wang Qiao, Victoria G. Aveson, Wayne I. Lencer, and Richard S. Blumberg. 2010. Neonatal Fc receptor: from immunity to therapeutics. Journal of Clinical Immunology 30(6): 777-789.
- ^ a b Sockolosky, Jonathan T.; Szoka, Francis C. (2015-08-30). "The neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, as a target for drug delivery and therapy". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. Editor's Collection 2015. 91: 109–124. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.005. PMC 4544678. PMID 25703189.