Letters, numbers, punctuation, prosigns for Morse code and non-Latin variants
edittable
edit| Character | Code |
|---|---|
| À, à Code shared with Å |
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| Ä, ä Code shared with Æ, Ą |
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| Å, å Code shared with À |
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| Ą, ą Code shared with Ä, Æ |
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| Æ, æ Code shared with Ä, Ą |
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| Ć, ć Code shared with Ĉ, Ç |
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| Ĉ, ĉ Code shared with Ć, Ç |
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| Ç, ç Code shared with Ć, Ĉ |
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| CH, ch Code shared with Ĥ, Š |
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| Đ, đ Code shared with É[a], Ę |
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| Ð, ð | |
| É, é[a] Code shared with Đ, Ę |
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| È, è Code shared with Ł |
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| Ę, ę Code shared with Đ, É[a] |
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| Ĝ, ĝ | |
| Ĥ, ĥ Code shared with CH, Š |
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| Ĵ, ĵ | |
| Ł, ł Code shared with È |
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| Ń, ń Code shared with Ñ |
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| Ñ, ñ Code shared with Ń |
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| Ó, ó Code shared with Ö, Ø |
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| Ö, ö Code shared with Ó, Ø |
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| Ø, ø Code shared with Ó, Ö |
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| Ś, ś | |
| Ŝ, ŝ Prosign for verified |
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| Š, š Code shared with CH, Ĥ |
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| Þ, þ | |
| Ü, ü Code shared with Ŭ |
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| Ŭ, ŭ Code shared with Ü |
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| Ź, ź | |
| Ż, ż |
more info
edit- Exclamation mark [!]
- While popular, on-air use of the above-suggested represenattaion is not yet universal as some amateur radio operators in North America and the Caribbean continue to use the older MN digraph ( ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ), copied over from American Morse landline code. The abbrevation MN or OE, ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ , is shared with unofficial Ö, Ó, and Ø used in some non-Latin alphabets.
- Ampersand [&]
- The well-established standard abbreviation for "and" is E S, adapted from the code for ampersand in American Morse Code. The American Morse encoding for an ampersand ( ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ) was similar to ES ( ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ) and amateur radio operators have nearly universally carried over this use as an abbreviation for "and" (e.g. WX HR COLD ES RAINY the weather here is cold and rainy).
Diacritics and non-Latin extensions
editThe typical tactic for creating Morse codes for diacritics and non-Latin alphabetic scripts has been to begin by simply using the International Morse codes used for letters whose sound matches the sound of the local alphabet. Because Gerke code (the predecessor to International Morse) was in official use in central Europe,[2] and included four characters not included in the International Morse standard (Ä, Ö, Ü, and CH) it has served as a beginning-point for other languages that use an alphabetic script, but require codes for letters not accommodated by International Morse.
The usual method has been to first transliterate the sounds represented by the International code and the four unique Gerke codes into the local alphabet, hence Greek, Hebrew, Russian, and Ukrainian Morse codes. If more codes are needed, one can either invent a new code or convert an otherwise unused code from either code set to the non-Latin letter. For example:
- Ñ in Spanish Morse is ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ , a language-specific code not used in either International or Gerke Morse.
- For the Greek letter Ψ, Greek Morse code uses the International Morse code for Q, ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ , which has no corresponding letter in modern Greek; Ψ and Q have no historical, phonetic, or shape relationship.
For Russian and Bulgarian, Russian Morse code is used to map the Cyrillic characters to four-element codes. Many of the characters are encoded the same as their latin-alphabet look-alikes or sound-alikes (A, O, E, I, T, M, N, R, K, etc.). The Bulgarian alphabet contains 30 characters, which exactly match all possible combinations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 dits and dahs (Russian Ы is used as Bulgarian Ь, Russian Ь is used as Bulgarian Ъ). Russian requires two more codes, for letters Э and Ъ which are each encoded with 5 elements.
Non-alphabetic scripts require more radical adaption. Japanese Morse code (Wabun code) has a separate encoding for kana script; although many of the codes are used for International Morse, the sounds they represent are mostly unrelated. The Japanese / Wabun code includes special prosigns for switching back-and-forth from International Morse: ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ signals a switch from International Morse to Wabun, and ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ to return from Wabun to International Morse.
For Chinese, Chinese telegraph code is used to map Chinese characters to four-digit codes and send these digits out using standard Morse code. Korean Morse code[3] uses the SKATS mapping, originally developed to allow Korean to be typed on western typewriters. SKATS maps hangul characters to arbitrary letters of the Latin script and has no relationship to pronunciation in Korean.
stuff
edit| Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Palatal /Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hard | Soft | Hard | Soft | ||
| Nasal | m | mj | n | nʲ | |
| Stop | p b | pj bj | t d | tʲ dʲ | k ɡ |
| Affricate | t͡s d͡z | t͡sʲ d͡zʲ | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | ||
| Fricative | f | fj | s z | sʲ zʲ | ʃ ʒ |
| Approximant | w | ʋ | l | lʲ | (j) |
| Tap | r | rʲ | x ɦ | ||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɪ | u |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
| Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Palatal /Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hard | Soft | Hard | Soft | ||
| Nasal | m | mj | n | nʲ | |
| Stop | p b | pj bj | t d | tʲ dʲ | k ɡ |
| Affricate | t͡s d͡z | t͡sʲ d͡zʲ | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | ||
| Fricative | f | fj | s z | sʲ zʲ | ʃ ʒ |
| Approximant | w | ʋ | l | lʲ | (j) |
| Tap | r | rʲ | x ɦ | ||
| Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Palatal /Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hard | Soft | Hard | Soft | ||
| Nasal | m | mj | n | nʲ | |
| Stop | p b | pj bj | t d | tʲ dʲ | k ɡ |
| Affricate | t͡s d͡z | t͡sʲ d͡zʲ | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | ||
| Fricative | f | fj | s z | sʲ zʲ | ʃ ʒ |
| Approximant | w | ʋ | l | lʲ | (j) |
| Tap | r | rʲ | x ɦ | ||
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