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User:Kevmin/sandbox/Camp Growden

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Growden Heritage Site
CCC Camp Growden
Camp Growden buildings in winter circa 1934-1941
Map showing the location of Growden Heritage Site
Map showing the location of Growden Heritage Site
Nearest cityColville, Washington
Coordinates48°35′8″N 118°18′16″W / 48.58556°N 118.30444°W / 48.58556; -118.30444
Average elevation2,500 ft (760 m)
EstablishedApril 1934 (CCC Growden)
DisestablishedSpring 1941 (CCC Growden)
Named forCCC Camp Growden
AdministratorColvile National Forest

Camp Growden was a Civilian Conservation Corps camp, number F-62, located in the Sherman Creek Valley east of Kettle Falls in Ferry County, Washington. The location had formerly been used as a stage stop on the dirt road between Meyers Falls and Republic, Washington during the 1900's and 1920's, while the whole of the area is land traditionally identified as part of the Colville People's territory. Five years before the establishment of Growden, the region was burned in the Dollar Mountain Fire, the largest wildfire seen in the national forest up to then.

The CCC established a presence in the Colville National Forest in the Spring of 1933 and founded Growden in April 1934 which operated as a main CCC camp for the national forest until it was closed in the spring of 1941. The camp saw year round occupation between the spring of 1936 until May 1940. Growden was one of several CCC camps given the name "Little America", due to the rotation of men stationed there from across the United States. After the decommissioning of the camp and control of the site being transferred to the National Forest all but one of the original buildings on site were removed.

By the 1950s it was a small National Forest campground and later transitioned to a rest stop and heritage site. A single out building remains on site, a former changing room placed by Lake Sherman for the use of the CCC men. Growden Dam and Lake Sherman, built by the Camp on the property in the 1930's were removed in the early 2010's due to a number of concerns regarding flooding instability, water heating, and poor wetlands ecology. Sherman Creek on the site was restored to a free flowing stream with the dam removal and interpretive signage added discussing the history of the stream.

Early land use

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Growden stage station 1900?-1910?

Prior to the 1900's the area that would become Camp Growden was used by the Colville people and as an east-west travel route to the Sanpoil lands over the Kettle River crest. In the late 1800's a series of stage stops up the Sherman Creek valley had been established to facilitate the trade trail between Kettle Falls and Republic, Washington. One of the stops, operated by Amanda and Edmund Growden was placed at the confluence of Sherman and Lane Creeks and operated by Edmund and Amanda Growden.[1] The lands around the Growden stage stop were extensively logged in the 1920's by operations of the White Pine Sash Company and then the Hedlund Lumber Company. Both groups developed a network of roads, log flumes, logging railroads, and buildings in the eastern to central regions of Sherman Creek Valley. A good portion of the valley area was burned by the 1929 Dollar Mountain Fire, resulting in the loss of much of the buildings and other infrastructure which had been built from 1900-1928.[2] Clear cutting across the south facing mountain slopes and over the valley bottom east of Canyon Creek has been noted as a major fire break that stalled the burn progress through the area.[3] The Growden Ranger Station survived and was still in use in 1931 when the initial survey work for what would become highway 20 passed through the valley.[4]

1933 Inland Northwest Civilian Conservation Corps

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Camp Leese in the Mount Bonaparte area, 1933

In response to the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called for a series of New Deal programs including the establishment of a Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC program was set up with a month of its authorization and by May of 1933, the CCC's inland NorthWest presence was established. The district was named for Fort George Wright in Spokane, Washington, which was the headquarters for the Fort George Wright District,[5] and overseen by the Ninth Corps area command.[6] Work in the Colville National Forest by the CCC started in spring 1933 with three temporary tent camps, T-4 Togo on Deadman Creek, T-5 Leese on Lost Lake near Mount Bonaparte, and T-6 Midget on Bolder Creek pass. Each was a tent camp set up with no permanent structures and over the summer worked on a number of projects. In November 1933 all three camps were closed.[7]

Off and on occupation

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In Spring 1934 two camps were opened in the forest, F-63 a tent camp south of Republic at Quartz Mountain east of the Sanpoil River named Camp McMann, and the first permanent camp of the forest, F-62 which was called Camp Growden.[7] July 1934 saw the announcement of the select "fame" or permanent camps with buildings that would be operating through during the coming winter of 1934-35. Camp Growden was included among the camps to operate, with new buildings to be constructed in anticipation for winter and the camp would be keeping the company of men present that summer.[8] After the winter thaw, the Growden leadership and company were moved to F-82 Camp Pierre Lake, which was a bit east of Orient in Stevens County, Washington. At the end of fall 1935, all CCC work in the forest was halted and no CCC men were present for that winter. With the start of spring 1936, the CCC returned staffing and men to Camp Growden and maintained that staffing continually through May 1940. At that point the company was moved to F-104 "Camp Lost Lake", a newer camp location a few miles from the original Camp Leese at Mount Boneparte and near Wauconda, Washington. In October 1940 the company was again transferred back to Camp Growden for overwintering, the last time the camp would see occupation. The company was moved back to Camp Lost Lake in the Spring of 1941 for the last time, and CCC activity in the northern Colville National Forest ceased with the coming of fall 1941. The war efforts surrounding World War II having created a growing jobs market resulted in few candidates for the spartan 6 month job stints provided by the CCC, and the whole program was defunded by congress the next year. The assets of the CCC, including Camp Growden were ordered to be liquidated by congress on July 2, 1942 and the process was reported as essentially complete on June 30, 1943.[9]

Camp life

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Camp Growden was located at the junction of Lane Creek and Sherman Creek in conjunction with the existing Growden Ranger Station.[10] Both were next to what was then the unimproved freight road to Republic and about 10 mi (16 km) west of Kettle Falls, Washington.[11] As a national forest CCC camp, the yearly work included many yearly forest management tasks such as firefighting, logging, and replanting burns. Furthering those tasks was the building of roads, campgrounds, and fire lookouts across the Colville National Forest.[2] CCC camps were structured around 200 person companies, with officers coming from the military branches. The enrollees were allowed two years or four enrollments at most in the CCC, with each enrollment term constating of 6 months.[9] Meals included items such as beans, mashed potatoes, venison. and pie.[11] The pay was given as a monthly salary, and of the $30 (equivalent to about $700 in 2023), the men only got $8 (equivalent to about $200 in 2023) for pay, while the other $22 (equivalent to about $500 in 2023) was deducted and sent to the family as a support during the depression.[11]

By the Spring of 1941, the camp complex included a number of buildings and maintained lawns alongside the now full Lake Sherman. The complex included barracks, a recreation building, and storage buildings. Housed in the various buildings, the CCC facilities provided a mess hall, library, injury ward and dispensary, machine shop, and education room. Free classes on various skill and hobby work like shortwave radio, photography, weaving and wood burning. The recreation hall was built to accommodate up to 200 people at a time and included pool tables and a fireplace. Off duty time could be spent playing board and card games or watching the weekly movie shown in the hall.[12]

1934

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Smoke plume above the Aeneas Creek July 30, 1934
 
Sherman Creek Valley and Meyers Falls to Republic road
Scalawag Ridge Lookout 295° - 65° azimuth

Official announcement of the first Fort Wright District camps of 1934 was published around April 10, 1934. A total of 20 camps were initially to be staffed by April 16th and 20th with nine full companies travelling up from duty in California and 11 "cadres" from California or Vancouver, Washington. Camp Growden, along with Camp McMann south of Republic, were slated to receive the Vancouver cadres arriving in Spokane on the 20th before travelling up to the Colville National Forest. Each of the cadres was comprised of an officer and 25 CCC enrollees, who would be in charge of preparing the chosen camp location for the arrival of the main company about 10 day later.[13] The main body of company 602 travelled from Spokane to Camp Growden on April 26 with company 605 who continued west to Camp McMann.[14] The summer of 1934 was mostly dedicated to firefighting in the region, including the massive 20,000 acres (81 km2) Aeneas Creek Fire east of Curlew, Washington that took an estimated 2,000 firefighters to contain. At the same time, other fires in the national forest burned an additional 9,000 acres (36 km2), and fire efforts on all the blazes required help from the neighboring national forest units in the region. As a result, other CCC designated projects were delayed until late in the year after the fires were contained or out.[7]

On August 28, the contracts to supply construction materials for Camp Growdens winterization and permanent building were announced. Companies in Colville and Lewiston, Idaho each got a contract while group of businesses' in Spokane secured the other five. The materials to be supplied included lumber, mill work, hardware, roofing, plumbing, and electrical.[15] In late September the list of camps in the district which would be remaining operating during the coming winter. Camp Growden was one of only ten camps to be chosen, out of the 41 open over the summer in the district. The major portion of the CCC men, around 8,000 were to be transferred south to California and another 2,000 were sent back east for release.[16] Over the next month the preparations for company transitioning took place, with the last 80 men from Camp McMann moved over to Growden and the whole of the current company 602 working on finishing work for a winterized camp. In addition to the building work, a group of men completed the planting of approximately 65,000 2 year old ponderosa saplings, covering about 50 acres (20 ha) of Sherman Creek Watershed. Around November 1 all of the company was also transferred to California work and a new company slated to arrive for the winter season.[17]

November 14th saw Lieutenant Commander Clarence L. Bradfield commanding the new 184 man Company 950 had arrived and settled into camp. The company had been relocated from Camp Sullivan Lake in Idaho. The main tasks for 950 would be roads building, stringing telephone line, hazard mitigation and replanting trees. A small 16 man contingent was split out to "spike camp" in Republic. The group was bunked at the Republic ranger station and tasked with continuing Camp McMann tasks such as finishing building two houses for Rangers and a rockery wall.[18] Two major road building projects were taken up by the 950 in November, with the continuation of Barnaby Creek road around Barnaby Butte and connecting Sherman Creek road to the Lake Ellen area in the southeast corner of the national forest. They also started work on the new Skalawag Ridge road, running up from the South Fork Sherman Creek road to the Skalawag ridge lookout[19] on top of the mountain overlooking Camp Growden.[7] In camp itself, general clean up work accompanied drainage field construction and sidewalk installation.[19] By December 19, 4 mi (6.4 km) of the Skalawag Ridge road had been completed, with CCC personnel estimating it would be finished by January 1935. With snow coming into the region Telephone line work towards Stahley and White Mountains would continue as long as snow allows, with 5 mi (8.0 km) already finished. At camp, early land clearing work was started for the proposed Lake Sherman with about 8 acres (32,000 m2) being impacted. The Republic spike camp was moved into winter housing there and prep work had started in Kettle Falls to establish a similar spike camp situation. As with the Republic crew, the Kettle falls men would be tasked with building of a warehouse, several residences, and a ranger station.[20]

 
A Camp Growden bulldozer

1935

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July 12, 1935 planning map of the Sherman Lake Recreation area

By January 11, a major snowfall had hit the region and impacted transportation needs in the Fort Wright District. While most winter camps were only seeing delays, District Commander Colonel Fredrick G. Knabenshue noted that it was likely Camp Growden and Camp Priest Lake may have been been fully snowed in. The areas at Growden and Priest Lake already had 2–3 ft (0.61–0.91 m) of snow before the storm had hit. Knabenshue was not too worried, noting the camps were both equipped with bulldozers road clearing equipment, and shovels.[21]

The ponderosa seedlings that were planted the prior October were reported as doing well on May 5. Another 35 acres (14 ha) patch of 40,000 seedlings was planted the prior week on Dollar mountain in burn scar area.[22] The civic organizations of Colville, approximately 23 mi (37 km) east of Growden announced they were considering proposed plans to craft the land directly west of camp into a "winter sports site". The height of the mountain south of camp and the duration that snow cover stayed was suggested as good conditions for the construction of ski slopes and toboggan runs. The camp has started to build the Growden Dam on Sherman Creek and after completion the planned 10 acres (4.0 ha) lake would be usable for ice skating.[23] On May 15 the camp hosted a "good will" program and dinner, inviting both the Colville and Kettle Falls Chamber of Commerce's. All told twelve representatives from Kettle Falls and twenty five from Colville attended. The camp was in preparation for the announcement of summer projects involving a number of the men to be sent out as spike camps for the work.[24]

Winter CCC plans were tentatively announced by September 20, with the district looking to have an increased volume of enrollees over what was present for the last winter. The number of camps to be open the coming winter was increased by at least 8 over the past winters 10, and a group of seven of others being tentatively considered. Camp Growden and two other "already built" camps were not on the open list, but were awaiting the authorization to occupy. If the high water number of camps were opened the total enrollee count in the district would have been 5,000 men.[25] On September 25 it was announced the the following week, mass enrollee movements would start, with companies moving to the winter camps to the east and south. A group of 345 CCC men from the "Republic district" were slated to be shipped back to Fort Dix and then discharged.[26]

1936

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The Swan Lake Kitchen, built during the 1936 season

By late March the district was starting to prepare for incoming enrollees for the spring season. Part of the preparation included confirming that the number of enrolles would be maintained at the 1935 level of 3,000 though March 1937. To accomplish that, decisions were being made on what camps to keep open, reopen, or abandon. Camp Growden was at this point on the tentative list of Camps that would be reactivated, though it was noted that reactivation status was subject to change.[27] Within a month of the tentative camp list, the district saw official announcement that Camp Growden, along with four other camps in the district would be indeed be returned to active status after being idled for the winter. The April announcement also noted the incoming CCC company for Growden would be arriving from outside the district.[28] April 21st came with the announcement of the Camp Growden company being transferred into the camp from their winter placement at Camp Entiat. The actual arrival of the company was delayed, however, by widespread flooding from the spring snowmelt in the region.[29] The food contracts for the districts were given out over the week prior, for a total of US$8,686 (equivalent to $190,717 in 2023) in cost.[29]

Planning and development of Growden and Lake Sherman for use as both a summer and winter recreation area for the National Forest continues, with the Growden dam planned as a 25 ft (7.6 m) tall and 250 ft (76 m) long construction made with enrollee labor.[30]

On October 1, The director of the CCC announced that the organization would been recruiting 100,000 enrollees that fall to bring the western camps including Growden back to full capacity. Manpower loss was attributed to men reaching the end of enrollment tenures, dropout rates, and movement to the regular workforces outside the CCC.[31] Due to ongoing wildfires in Oregon, the fall enrollee redistribution across the Northwest CCC camps was delayed. Trains scheduled to take men eastwards were delayed by a week, and the replacements for Growden, first listed as coming from Corps 7 headquartered in Omaha, were included in the delays.[32]

October 7 https://books.google.com/books?id=m8tXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA41&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=3792,2472167&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiT1uPdx4uIAxXwOTQIHZyFHSo4PBDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • 135 Growden men transferred east on Oct 6 to be decommissioned or assigned placements in eastern camps, replacements coming from Little Rock, Arkansas sometime between Oct 10-20

October 8 https://books.google.com/books?id=nMtXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=7447,2828008&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbnITKw4uIAxWtMjQIHR1aClc4PBDoAXoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Fall replacements first announced as a company of Minnesota men

October 14 https://books.google.com/books?id=octXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA43&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=4553,5015185&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3oJaMy4uIAxXPNzQIHSACMEA4UBDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • 12 different states represented in the district with incoming crews

October 30 https://books.google.com/books?id=_1gzAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=6146,5418092&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwoYKi7fqHAxXDEDQIHb47Mn44ChDoAXoECAcQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Contingent of Illinois CCC departed Oct 5 150 Arkansas CCC arrive to replace them

1937

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1937 year [3]Growden Dam and Sherman Lake removal, stream restoration Dam constructed 1937, 25' x 150' with 16' wide road across top

January 15 https://books.google.com/books?id=e8tXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=2163,4989886&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiBqvraoo6IAxWdHjQIHWgGG2U4PBDoAXoECAQQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • An additional small group of 10 Arkansas men

March 10 https://books.google.com/books?id=ftVXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA39&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=4915,3060551&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiD76O_zYuIAxX_FTQIHdD_BTA4MhDoAXoECAcQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Great Northern special taking 86 Growden men from Meyers Falls to Spokane for the other Arkansas men and then returning to Little Rock. The group includes finished enrollements, unfit workers, and men not wanting another term.

April 3 https://books.google.com/books?id=A9NXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA22&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=6927,941339&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwoYKi7fqHAxXDEDQIHb47Mn44ChDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Annual open house held for the 4th CCC anniversary.

June 4 https://books.google.com/books?id=8fxVAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=1907,1143012&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx2omg5_qHAxXMHjQIHQSnCWQQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Fire on Trout Creek 10 m north of Republic controlled by Growden & Republic men

June 5 https://books.google.com/books?id=8vxVAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=3404,1290650&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjT-u-j9PqHAxWgMDQIHRJWA2c4FBDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Fire contained at 40 acres by Growden & Republic men

July 29 https://books.google.com/books?id=SFopAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA30&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=4264,4508305&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjEm4azu4SIAxXuGzQIHUsaC3c4MhDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Along with 15 new CCC men, the telephone system through the Colville National forest between Kettle Falls and Tonasket connecting the Lookout towers was completed, 600 miles of telephone line

September 9 https://books.google.com/books?id=6R1WAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA20&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=6843,2738451&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiD76O_zYuIAxX_FTQIHdD_BTA4MhDoAXoECAoQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Renewed for the winter season, larger winter camps count then summer, camps moved to winter programing by late October.

October 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=EbwzAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=4394,569881&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMtLOup46IAxWdODQIHYQGNM04RhDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • 426 Missouri men to be transferred up from Sacramento, split, initially to be split between Growden and 3 other camps.

October 11 https://books.google.com/books?id=FbwzAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=6991,2382658&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiD76O_zYuIAxX_FTQIHdD_BTA4MhDoAXoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • 65 (75?) men from Sacramento arriving at Growden

October 12 https://books.google.com/books?id=uG1WAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=6894,4047529&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiBqvraoo6IAxWdHjQIHWgGG2U4PBDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • 65 (75?) men from Sacramento arriving at Growden

October 18 https://books.google.com/books?id=G7wzAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=5466,4261352&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx2omg5_qHAxXMHjQIHQSnCWQQ6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • 130 Arkansas CCC men transferred from Cali to Growden

December 6 https://books.google.com/books?id=RSNZAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA11&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=2177,1391861&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx2omg5_qHAxXMHjQIHQSnCWQQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Fight and stabbing, Suspect held in Republic Jail, victim taken to Fort Wright Miliary hospital.

December 12 https://books.google.com/books?id=th5WAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=2922,3792680&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipnaSD-PqHAxVNFDQIHe-sNSE4HhDoAXoECAwQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Drennen confesses and gets 10 years.

1938

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Growden workers clearing Dollar Mountain Fire snags, 1938

1938-39 https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/k930bz400 The Fort George Wright District, Civilian Conservation Corps pages64-67; Annual 1938-39 Growden Entry "Little America" 1938 work included repair and completion of the Camp, firefighting of small burns, fire hazard mitigation in the Dollar Mountain burn areas, completion of a fire lookout (unsure which), partial completion of a fire guard station, and road projects from construction and betterment to reconstruction. Maintenance and and installation of telephone lines happened.

January 20 https://books.google.com/books?id=xjggAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=6494,4201246&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLvpvHtY6IAxXBIDQIHZDVA3U4RhDoAXoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • A day long series of classes on camp management and 100-300 person mess hall detail held at Camp Seven Mile. 14 District officers including A. M. Steele of Growden

March 24 https://books.google.com/books?id=6chYAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA6&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=5255,2538515&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLvpvHtY6IAxXBIDQIHZDVA3U4RhDoAXoECAoQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • 100 Arkansas men sent home from Growden and its Spike camp at Republic, 20 men staying at Republic, and 30 at Growden

June 18 https://books.google.com/books?id=KoUzAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA15&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=2598,4054731&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSrIDjrY6IAxXBDzQIHXWHIBc4MhDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Most of the Arkansas CCC men transferred to Montana or Idaho districts, while the remaining 100 were sent home. Growden replacements were slated to come from a Sixth Corps Area district

July 15 https://books.google.com/books?id=Wf5VAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=%22F-62%22+%22ccc%22&article_id=4598,4519755&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwinj8L7ifOHAxVKJDQIHe_rCIsQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=%22F-62%22%20%22ccc%22&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • enrollees due from east The Company 4602 was scheduled to arrive in at Ft Wright 7-23 from Camp McCoy in Wisconsin, the group was slated to travel onto Camp Growden.

October 6 https://books.google.com/books?id=gtZXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA36&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=7100,1192816&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLvpvHtY6IAxXBIDQIHZDVA3U4RhDoAXoECA4QAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • CCC issue trains Glenview Ill train bringing 10 men for Growden

November 29 https://books.google.com/books?id=ONRXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=%22Camp+Growden%22+ccc&article_id=6524,6474712&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje86TR5OOHAxV5PjQIHe4ZADYQ6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=%22Camp%20Growden%22%20ccc&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • 2 enrollees on leave from camp steal car to have thanksgiving in Spokane, Crash it in Deer Park.

December 8 https://books.google.com/books?id=LR9WAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA6&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=2582,2267111&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSrIDjrY6IAxXBDzQIHXWHIBc4MhDoAXoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Growden crew working on improvements at the Sweat Creek Camp ground

In the fall of 1938, special CCC enrollee only passenger train runs out of Spokane for the Fort George Wright District were announced. The number of CCC enrollees heading east after finishing one or more enlistments that year was around 800, with 91 men all heading to the Chicago area from Camp Growden. The men were mostly taken to Camp Dix in New Jersey for discharge or reassignment, while replacement crews were expected to arrive in the Fort Wright between January 10th and 20th, 1939 to refill the camps across the district.[33]

December 15 https://books.google.com/books?id=EbwzAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=4394,569881&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMtLOup46IAxWdODQIHYQGNM04RhDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Total Chicago bound Growden men down to 85

1939

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April 6 https://books.google.com/books?id=sp8RAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=4258,2073040&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjblMPVuY6IAxV3LDQIHU0gC8c4KBDoAXoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • 4-23 Spring open house an annual event and CCC anniversary celebration looked forward to by locals

April 22 https://books.google.com/books?id=S-FXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA13&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=7094,5210978&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx2omg5_qHAxXMHjQIHQSnCWQQ6AF6BAgQEAI#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • 4-23 Spring open house an annual event and CCC anniversary celebration looked forward to by locals

March 21 https://books.google.com/books?id=iR5WAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA6&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=4095,1920353&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwoYKi7fqHAxXDEDQIHb47Mn44ChDoAXoECAoQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Harmonica band asked to play events

November 7 https://books.google.com/books?id=VupXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA15&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=5569,1631352&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjT-u-j9PqHAxWgMDQIHRJWA2c4FBDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Firefighting took upwards of 1217 man hours for Growden during summer 1939

October 19 https://books.google.com/books?id=dFkpAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA40&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=4601,1252282&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjT-u-j9PqHAxWgMDQIHRJWA2c4FBDoAXoECAcQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Camp cook charged with grand larceny for attempted theft of kitchen John E. Lattimer

December 11 https://books.google.com/books?id=pG9WAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=2352,3431613&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcxuG8uo6IAxXoDTQIHUzGAXA4MhDoAXoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Yakima ccc man from growden killed in Colville while crossing street to see movie

1940

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February 14 https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx9WAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA6&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=2887,4279347&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx2omg5_qHAxXMHjQIHQSnCWQQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Exhibition boxing matches with Colville.

February 29 https://books.google.com/books?id=E9ZXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=5574,6241721&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx2omg5_qHAxXMHjQIHQSnCWQQ6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Boxing semifinals

April 11 https://books.google.com/books?id=2flXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA58&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=7434,3002237&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS66q3u46IAxVQGDQIHV4HCDI4KBDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Annual open house 4-8 this year with review for guests of CCC Growden projects

April 25 https://books.google.com/books?id=X3NWAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA11&dq=%22lost+lake%22+CCC+-lease&article_id=4769,3090530&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib6an7gZOIAxWrDzQIHbHkOpEQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=%22lost%20lake%22%20CCC%20-lease&f=false The Spokesman-Review

  • Lost lake near Bonaparte scouted and officially announced as a summer camp for work in region, Telephones, campgrounds etc.

May 16 https://books.google.com/books?id=sOFXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA30&dq=Growden+CCC&article_id=7234,3735045&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipnaSD-PqHAxVNFDQIHe-sNSE4HhDoAXoECAsQAg#v=onepage&q=Growden%20CCC&f=false Spokane Daily Chronicle

  • Another 45,000 ponderosa planted by may 16

Spring 1940 https://books.google.com/books/about/Institutional_History_as_an_Element_of_C.html?id=WHd10AEACAAJ "Camp Growden Closes in the Spring of 1940 with personnel and equipment being transferred to Camp Leese/Camp Lost Lake near Tonasket, Washington." 12 miles east of Sherman Pass at milepost 331[34] The company received orders and moved from Camp Growden to the new Camp Lost Lake, at the northeastern base of Mount Bonaparte and near the 1935 side of Camp Leese. This was the first idling of the Growden site since Spring 1936. [7]

1941

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Construction of a fire line with associated Dollar Mountain Fire snag felling and dead wood slashing started January 1 and finished up on March 5. The 255 acres (103 ha) parcel in the South Sherman Creek drainage was selected for having good soil to replant in. The parcel was planned to be burned in August and then stocked with 80,000 seedling ponderosa later.[12][35][36] During that time a contingent of 50 enrollees arrived to fill out the company numbers on February 8 after working a stint at Camp Naches in the Yakima area[35]

On April 18 the camp hosted the annual open house, celebration for the CCC's 8th anniversary, and luncheon. Following years past, the CCC grounds were open for several hours to the public and enrollees gave tours talking about the work done.[37] According to the tours, as of that spring, Growden men had lain 310 mi (500 km) of forest road, strung 251 mi (404 km) of telephone line, and constructed a number of buildings. In the forest, they had cleared 350 acres (140 ha), and planted over 333,000 tree seedlings along with surveying 119,613 acres (484.06 km2) of land and spending 17,500 man days fighting wildfires. The building work they preformed included nine new fire lookouts, ten houses or other dwellings, and 18 storages buildings.[12]

With the increasing war preparation across the country, Army special enlistments from the CCC were occasionally happening. Though most CCC enrollees were outside the enlistment age, by April 12 four men from Growden had been called up.[38] A notable decline in enrollee numbers across the country, in response to wartime job creation, caused the CCC began to close camps in large numbers.[7]

As had happened the year prior, the company was given orders and in spring moved to Camp Lost lake where they stayed until November when the Camp there was closed.[7] In late October word reached the Spokane area from Army Command that Camp Growden was being officially closed as a result of the increasing demand from emergency defense needs.[39]

 
1992 planning map for current heritage site
 
"Step into these shoes" memorial

Camp Growden site post 1943

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After the CCC's end, the site was transitioned into the Growden Guard Station, part of the wildfire lookout tower and fire stations network for the Colville National Forest. The guard station housed firefighters during the summer fire season. [40] Additionally the grounds were converted back into a national forest campground.[41] By the 1980s, the Camp Growden site was listed as a site for the possible development of a cultural interpretive area and campground.[42] Twenty seven visitors to Growden in 1991 were polled as to what the major reason was for stopping at the site. Of the five options provided, twelve people cited using the rest stop, while the options for "visit CCC" and "hunting/fishing" tied in second with 5 votes. The respondants were also asked what they considered the import aspect of the area improvement project under study at that point. The top options picked were "CCC history" at 14 votes and "Rest stop" at 8, while "lake enlargement" only received 3 votes. The forest service chose to implement the top two choices.[3] The proposed pull off drive and horseshoe had been drafted by 1992 and the interpretive signage and site improvements had been completed by the mid 1990's.[2] Estimates were generated in 1993 regarding the cost of dredging out the lake and returning it to a larger size similar what it had been in the CCC plans. The cost for the work would have been US$1,886,400 (equivalent to $3,978,779 in 2023). After completion it was estimated that every decade it would need additional dredging, at around US$100,000 (equivalent to $210,919 in 2023) each time, to prevent the same infilling problem that swallowed lake Sherman originally. With the price point for the initial project and need for continual maintenance, the forest service dropped consideration of Lake restoration.[3]

By 2011 the only remaining building from Camp Growden was the changing room house. First built after completion of the Growden dam, the building served as an outbuilding for the camp residents swimming in the newly filled Lake Sherman. It was intended to be part of the larger "Sherman Lake Recreation area" which never fully materialized. The building was initially constructed from rough cut larch logs with a shingle roof. Sometime in the late in the 2000's to early in 2010's a cottonwood fell into the building, damaging the building and going through the roof.[11] During the summer of 2011, a group of volunteers overseen by the Colville National Forest archaeologist, took around 3 weeks to disassemble, move, rehabilitate, and restore the building. The group cleared out pack rat nests took apart the remains of the changing room and moved to a more accessible location close to the pre-existing interpretive signage. The original components were checked for rot, stability, and usability, with replacements being substituted where needed. New pieces of the building were crafted utilizing the same techniques and tool types as would have been used by the original CCC builders to match the authenticity of the old and new areas. The roof supports and roof were all new construction made from young tress and cedar shakes. Additional interpretive signage was planned for installation inn 2012 to discuss the changing rooms, Growden dam, and Lake Sherman.[11]

Lake Sherman and Growden Dam removal

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The nearly fully infilled Lake Sherman, 2006

Mounting problem

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Responsibility for the maintenance and operation of Growden Dam was carried out by the Colville National Forest engineering staff. They kept plant growth on the dam sides contained, provided the yearly required safety inspections, and removed debris buildup from the outflow cage during any flooding events. In the early 1970's the earthen Groden Dam had been identified as problematic, harboring a high possibility of overtopping and washing away. Flow from the lake was metered by an outflow structure made of concrete and steel caging. The top was open with a cage cover, and the spillway was "L"-shape with a 16 ft (4.9 m) drop to the tunnel through the dam. During heavy flooding in 1998, the outlet cage became encrusted with branches and other flood debris, raising the level of Lake Growden to within 6 in (15 cm) of the dam top. A forest Service crew cleared the cage structure in time to avert a dam breach.[3]

Compounding the flow problem was the notedly rapid infilling of Sherman Lake itself with silt from the improvement and realignment of Washington State Route 20 crossing Sherman pass in 1952-1954. In many places the road was placed across the stream or into the stream bed itself. Sherman Creek was straighten and realigned along the side of the new road bed leading to intense bank erosion through around 1961 when extensive erosional control measures were taken upstream of the Growden area.[3] The rapid silting in of Sherman lake reduced it to a small pond area right at the dam itself and a meandering stream with depauperate wetlands behind. Loss of deep water behind the dam and having a top draining outflow are both noted as potential sources for stream warming below the dam, which combined with warm water inflowing at the confluence of Sherman Creek and South Sherman Creek. Healthy fish stream conditions include average stream temperatures staying below 16 °C (61 °F). While Sherman Creek was on average 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) above the lake, it was 18 °C (64 °F) just below and when South Sherman Creek joins the temperature reaches averages of 20 °C (68 °F).[3]

Options

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In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act and in response to the flooding plus fish habitat issues, a workshop was convened in 2002 to determine ways forward. Comprised of input from specialist experts and the general public, four alternative options were crafted along with the full dam removal option and given extra study.[3]

Alternative A would have had no action taken at all, with the dam remaining and flooding checks made in emergencies. This option would not have addressed the structural liability of the dam during flooding, the sediment retention down stream, or the fish habitat, passage, and water temperature problems. Noxious weed checks and removal would have continued in the same manner as had already been happening.[3]

Alternative B was a modification of the enacted main plan, the notable difference being that Growden dam would have only partially been removed, rather then fully. The stream would have been graded to pre-dam elevations through the site, passing though the damn itself at bed level. However the north and south sections of dam would not have been removed or impacted and would be components of the interpretive signage placed after restoration was completed. A 50 ft (15 m) wide stream area would have been constructed extending 1,400 ft (430 m) along the stream course, and several trout suitable pools would have been included.[3]

Alternative C is similar to Alternative A, being the least impactful of the options. It proposed that the wetlands behind the dam stayed and most of the dam as well, but an 8 ft (2.4 m) deep cut be made into the dam top to allow a "run of the river" water flow. The water table behind the dam would have lowered and a sloped stream bed would have been built against the outside of the dam through to the base of the existing water outlet structure creating an inclined rapids type area that ended at the junction with Lane creek. This proposal would also have eliminated access to forest service road 2000-214.[3]

In Alternate D the wetlands would have been preserved and a 15 ft (4.6 m) wide emergency spillway installed with a overflow chute {cvt|6|ft|m}} below the dam top. Water passing though the 30 ft (9.1 m) long by 15 ft (4.6 m) wide chute would flow down the dam face and into the existing pool at its base. The spillways was to be constructed to meet the needs of a 500 year flooding event. With no wetlands loss, downstream bed rehabilitation would not be needed, but no fish passage structure would be constructed to increase habitat range.[3]

An additional group of options were generated but for various reasons, not given extra study. Alternative E would have been very similar to B, however instead of full removal of the dams center section, a culvert with a 30 ft (9.1 m) wide arch would have been installed through the dam, leaving the greater dam structure in place. It was deemed that the alteration of the dam would not have fully addressed the heritage needs, and would still have needed yearly maintenance. It would have also cost an additional US$243,000 (equivalent to $391,985 in 2023) over the estimate for Alternative B and so was dropped from consideration. Alternative F, cleaning the upstream area of woody debris that could damage the dam, was dropped as it would have not rectified the problems posed in a 500 year flooding event. It also would have violated laws against the removal of wood from stream courses resulting in fish habitat loss, and the dam itself would still block fish passage. Lastly Alternate G would have added a spillway over the dam, but also an enlargement of Lake Sherman to a 6 acres (24,000 m2) size via dredging. Not only did this option not rectify the water warming issue, but it had already been looked into a decade earlier. The cost of this proposal with the 10 year dredging maintenance, when examined in 1993, eliminated this as a option considered.[3]

The plan that was finally chosen involved the full removal the entire damn and restoration of around 1.1 mi (1.8 km) of stream bottom to free flowing stream.[3]

Implementation

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https://www.proquest.com/docview/472704721/6749C6E612204D0FPQ/18?accountid=196403&sourcetype=Wire%20Feeds (proquest txt) COLVILLE NATIONAL FOREST, AIR FORCE PHASE TWO OF GROWDEN DAM PROJECT, PUBLIC SAFETY, PLANS FOR NEW SITE US Fed News Service, Including US State News; Washington, D.C.. 16 July 2010.

Growden Heritage Site

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The site of Camp Growden is preserved as a free access[43] Colville National Forest site of interest along the Sherman Pass Scenic Byway[44] which was put in in the 1950's. Named the "Growden Heritage Site", the interpretive area is open from Memorial Day weekend through the end of October. The interpretive area has picnic tables, toilets, parking, plus day hiking.[45] A 0.2 mi (320 m) paved trail with interpretive signage documents the history of camp Growden, Growden Dam, and Lake Sherman.[43] Oversight of the heritage area falls under the control of Colville National Forests Three Rivers Ranger District. The district provide the regular site cleaning and maintenance. They also perform security patrols and do trail and road work as needed. The site no longer has camping areas as it did in the past, and the nearest national forest camp ground is east at the confluence of Canyon and Sherman Creeks.[3]

References

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  1. ^ Counts, Kay (June 2, 2014). Stevens County. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. pp. 63, 66. ISBN 9781439645543.
  2. ^ a b c Schultz, E. L. (1996). North Sherman and Fritz Timber Sales, Environmental Impact Statement draft summary April 1996 (Report). Kettle Falls Ranger District, Colville National Forest.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Brazell, R. (2006), Growden Dam, Sherman Creek Restoration Project, and Forest Plan Amendment #28 Final Environmental Impact Statement (PDF), Colville, Washishington: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service
  4. ^ "Million dollar road to pass scenes of beauty". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 46, no. 57. November 25, 1931. p. 13. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  5. ^ Gearhardt, E. R. "The Civilian Conservation Corps in the Inland Northwest". Spokane Historical. Eastern Washington University. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  6. ^ Civilian Conservation Corps Legacy
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Moran, B. (1941). "History of wildlife of the CCC". In Colville National Forest Staff (ed.). History of Colville National Forest. Unpublished. p. II-38. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  8. ^ "Select winter Camps for CCC". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 48, no. 262. July 23, 1934. p. 3. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
  9. ^ a b Wirth, Conrad L. (January 1944). Civilian Conservation Corps Program of the United States Department of the Interior, March 1933 to June 30, 1942; a Report to Harold L. Ickes (Report).{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  10. ^ United States Forest Service (1978). Colville National Forest (N.F.), Kettle Range Unit Plan: Environmental Impact Statement (Report). p. 5.
  11. ^ a b c d e Kramer, Becky (July 30, 2011). "Log structure moved, renovated to preserve CCC project's history". Spokesman-Review. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c "Growden guests praise ccc work". The Colville Examiner. Vol. 34. April 26, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  13. ^ "Call 4000 more tree troopers; CCC advance guard includes 18 companies". The Spokesman-Review. Vol. 51, no. 331. April 10, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  14. ^ "Move 1229 more tree troopers". The Spokesman-Review. Vol. 51, no. 348. April 27, 1934. p. 6. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  15. ^ "CCC contracts are given out". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 48, no. 294. August 29, 1934. p. 3. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  16. ^ "Eight thousand tree troops will move next week". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 49, no. 8. September 29, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  17. ^ "CCC camp built in Colville forest". The Nespelem Tribune. Vol. 1, no. 20. October 31, 1934. p. 2. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  18. ^ "Colville forest gets winter CCC camp". The Nespelem Tribune. Vol. 1, no. 22. November 14, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  19. ^ a b "CCC crews build roads in Colville forest". The Nespelem Tribune. Vol. 1, no. 24. November 28, 1934. p. 3. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  20. ^ "Colville forest C.C.C. camp news". The Nespelem Tribune. Vol. 1, no. 27. December 19, 1934. p. 2. Retrieved August 22, 2024.
  21. ^ "Use 15 trucks". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 49, no. 97. January 11, 1935. p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  22. ^ "Pine seedlings given forest burn". The Ellensburgh Capital. Vol. 47, no. 20. May 3, 1935. p. 2.
  23. ^ "Colville plans winter sports area in forest". The Spokesman-Review. Vol. 52, no. 340. April 18, 1935. p. 12. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  24. ^ "CCC camp entertains". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 49, no. 204. May 16, 1935. p. 3. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  25. ^ "CCC to increase winter activity". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 49, no. 313. May 16, 1935. p. 1. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  26. ^ {{cite news |author= |title=Winter quarters set for timber troops |work=The Nespelem tribune |date=September 25, 1935 |volume=2 |issue=15 |page=4 |access-date=September 2, 2024 |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88087034/1935-09-25/ed-1/seq-4/}
  27. ^ "Keep CCC camps on 1935 basis". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 50, no. 179. March 23, 1936. p. 6. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
  28. ^ "CCC takes action in sets of five". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 50, no. 179. April 16, 1936. p. 6. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  29. ^ a b "Peak is neared in CCC exodus". The Spokesman-Review. Vol. 53, no. 343. April 21, 1936. p. 6. Retrieved September 11, 2024. Cite error: The named reference "SpRv4.21.36" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  30. ^ "Large recreational center is being created in Colville National Forest". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 50, no. 229. June 13, 1936. p. 3. Retrieved October 3, 2024.
  31. ^ "CCC will enroll hundred thousand in October to reach full quota again". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 51, no. 9. October 1, 1936. p. 11. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  32. ^ "Fires interrupt CCC breakup". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 51, no. 9. October 1, 1936. p. 1. Retrieved October 6, 2024.
  33. ^ "CCC enrollees will go east". Spokane Daily Chronical. Vol. 53D, no. 68. December 8, 1938. p. 6. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  34. ^ Gibbs, A. (1983). Institutional History as an Element of Community History: Civilian Conservation Corps in the Okanogan Country. USDA-Forest Service, Okanogan National Forest.
  35. ^ a b "Camp near Colville gets 58 enrollees". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 55, no. 117. February 4, 1941. p. 3. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
  36. ^ "Printing contracted in Stevens County". Vol. 55, no. 171. April 8, 1941. p. 3. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  37. ^ "CCC at Collvile sets open house". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 55, no. 181. April 19, 1941. p. 3.
  38. ^ "Few CCC boys taken by Army". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 55, no. 175. April 12, 1941. p. 3. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  39. ^ "Saved daughter in burning home". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Vol. 56, no. 35. October 31, 1941. p. 3. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
  40. ^ "Forest guards start training". The Spokesman-Review. Vol. 72, no. 43. June 26, 1954. p. 6. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  41. ^ "Colville ready for fire season". The Spokesman-Review. Vol. 65, no. 45. June 28, 1947. p. 3.
  42. ^ United States Department of Agriculture. 1988. Final Environmental Impact Statement Land and Resource Management Plan, Colville National Forest Forest Service, Southern Region, Pineville, LA.
  43. ^ a b "Growden Heritage Site". Washington trails association. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  44. ^ "Camp Growden Heritage Site". Northeast Washington Trails. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  45. ^ "Growden Heritage Site". US Forest Service Colville National Forest. Retrieved August 3, 2024.

Category:United States Forest Service architecture Category:Civilian Conservation Corps in Washington (state) Category:Government buildings completed in 1936 Category:Buildings and structures in Ferry County, Washington Category:Colville National Forest

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