Interiority (Spanish, "Hydrographical and Chorographical Chart of the Philippine Islands"), more commonly known as the Murillo Velarde map, is map of the Philippines made and published in Manila in 1734 by the Spanish Jesuit cartographer Pedro Murillo Velarde, and two Filipinos; engraver Nicolás de la Cruz Bagay and artist Francisco Suarez.[1][2] The World Digital Library describes it as the "first and most important scientific map of the Philippines".[3] It is frequently referred to as the "Mother of all Philippine Maps".[4][5][6]
The map's title includes the following additional description: dedicada al Rey Nuestro Señor por el Mariscal d. Campo D. Fernando Valdes Tamon Cavallo del Orden de Santiago de Govor. Y Capn General de dichas Yslas (Spanish, "dedicated to the King Our Lord by Field Marshal Fernando Tamon Valdes, Knight of the Order of Santiago, Governor and Captain General of said Islands"). The map was created upon the behest of then governor-general Fernando Valdes y Tamon in response to an order from Philip V of Spain.[7]
The map shows maritime routes from Manila to Spain and New Spain. The Spanish royal coat of arms occupies a prominent space in the upper-middle portion of the map. On it's flanks are twelve images, six to a side. Eight of these images depict various ethnic groups residing in the archipelago. The remaining four are cartographic depictions of cities and islands. The ethnic groups and individuals depicted include Chinese Filipinos ("Sangley") or Chinese, Kaffirs ("Negroes"), a Camarin (a native of Manila), a Lascar from India, mestizos, a Mardica (natives of Ternate and Tidore), a Japanese ("Japon"), an Armenian, a Mughal, a native of the Malabar region and Aetas. Maps of Samboagan, a city in Mindanao, the port of Cavite, the island of Guajan (Guam) and Manila occupy the remaining sections.
The Murillo Velarde map was widely reprinted. These include reproductions in Manila (1744), Vienna (1748) by Kaliwoda, Nuremberg (1760) by Lowitz, and in the first volume of Juan de la Concepcion's Historia General de Philipinas (1788).[7]
Copies
editThere are less than 50 extant copies of the map.[8] Some are mounted on a cloth backing measuring 112x120 cm. The map itself measures 108x71 cm and is on a scale approximating 1:1,400,000.
- The Library of Congress Geography and Map Division in Washington, D.C. has one copy, Call No. G8060 1734 .M8.[1]
- The National Library of Spain in Madrid has one copy, Call No. MR/45/31.[9]
- There is one copy in a private collection in the Philippines.[8]
External links
editReferences
edit
- ^ a b "Carta hydrographica y chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas : dedicada al Rey Nuestro Señor por el Mariscal d. Campo D. Fernando Valdes Tamon Cavallo del Orden de Santiago de Govor. Y Capn". Library of Congress. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
- ^ "Chairman Velarde donates replicas of 1734 Murillo-Velarde Map". Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "A Hydrographical and Chorographical Chart of the Philippine Islands". World Digital Library. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
- ^ "We Have the Mysterious Map that Proves the West Philippine Sea is Ours". Esquire Philippines. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Mariano, Jose Vionel F. (30 August 2017). "Army receives replica of Mother of all Philippine Maps". Philippine Army. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "The Mother of Philippine Maps". Lopez Museum. 9 November 2009. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
- ^ a b Mojarro, Jorge R. (12 June 2015). "The Murillo Velarde map: A relic from 1734 amid the rough seas of 2015". BusinessWorld. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b Ocampo, Ambeth R. (10 June 2015). "Rare, important and significant". The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas Dedicada al Rey Nuestro Señor por el Mariscal d. Campo D. Fernando Valdes Tamon Cavallº del Orden de Santiago de Govor. Y Capn. Hecha pr. el Pe. Pedro Murillo Velarde dla. Compª d. Ihs. Cathco. d. De Canones sobre los Mapas y Relaciones mejores que han salido, y observaciones del Author ; delineavit Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay Indio [Tagalo en Manl. Año 1734]". Retrieved 4 January 2019.