Bird fallout or migration fallout is the phenomenon resulting from severe weather preventing migratory birds from reaching their destination. This can occur while birds are traveling south or returning to their breeding grounds.[1] Due to the distance travelled, birds will not have enough energy to continue flight when encountering high winds. This exhaustion results in a large amount of birds resting in one area. This may be extremely stressful on the birds as well as the surrounding ecology.[1] Bird fallout isn’t particularly common, as it stems from the chance event of severe winds found in inclement weather. Due to the rare occurrence of a migratory fallout, as well as the abundance of birds resting in a single location, it is a sought after event for birders.
Consequences
editThere can be some significant consequences due to birds encountering severe weather during their migratory flyway. Late arrival to their destination can lead to a delay in reproduction, or even a higher mortality rate.[2][3] Due to the large number of birds resting, a lack of shelter and food becomes a large concern for the survival and propagation to the wintering destination.[3]
Notable Incidents
editThe most notable incident occurred on April 25, 2013, where 294 different species of birds were recorded as a result of fallout at High Island, Texas.[4] This particular fallout was the result of rain and high winds.[4] Other incidents also include hurricanes that have happened during the migratory period, such as the following listed:[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Bird Migration and Fallouts". houstonaudubon.org. Houston Audubon Society. 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
- ^ Bard, Stokke; Moller, Anders; Saether, Bernt-Erik; Rheinwald, Goetz; Gutscher, Hans (April 2005). "Weather in the breeding area and during migration affects the demography of a small long-distance passerine migrant". The Auk. 122 (2). American Ornithologists' Union: 637–647.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b Gill, Jennifer (September 2015). "Encountering extreme weather during migration: individual strategies and their consequences". Journal of Animal Ecology. 84: 1141–1143. doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12412.
- ^ a b "294 Species and One Shattered Record on 'Almost Perfect' Big Day". birds.cornell.edu. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ "Hurricane Irene redux". ebird.org. eBird. 1 September 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2015.