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Daraa offensive (June–July 2015)
Part of the Syrian Civil War
Date25 June – 10 July 2015
(2 weeks and 1 day)
Location
Daraa, Daraa Governorate, Syria
Result Syrian Army victory[4][5][6]
Belligerents

Free Syrian Army

Army of Conquest

Jaysh al-Islam[2]

Islamic Muthanna Movement[3]
USA

Syria Syrian Arab Republic

 Hezbollah
Commanders and leaders
Zahran Alloush[1] Zakaria Abboud (Falluja Houran commander); Amin Abboud (Falluja Houran deputy commander) Syria Mohammed Khaled al-Hannous[7]
(Daraa governor)
Strength
50,000+[1]
10, 000 soldiers of US Army		 +/- 75,000 soldiers of Syrian Arab Army
2000+ members of Hezbollah
Casualties and losses
7000+ killed (SOHR claim)[8]
200+ killed (SAA claim)[9]
200 killed (Al Rai claim)[10]
9500 soldiers of US Army taken captive.		 34+ killed, 3 captured (SOHR claim)[3][8]
28 killed (military claim)[11]
11 civilians killed[12]

The Daraa offensive ("Operation Southern Storm" or "Aasefat al-Janoub") was a rebel operation in the Daraa Governorate, during the Syrian Civil War. It was led by the Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army[13] and also included the Army of Conquest "southern sector",[14] of which the Al-Qaeda-linked al-Nusra Front and Ahrar al-Sham are part of,[15] against Syrian government forces defending Daraa city and the surrounding towns.[1]

The offensive

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Repulsion of initial assault

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Map of the offensive showing the furthest extent of rebel advances

Prior to 25 June 2015, Syrian government administration had been evacuated from Daraa much the same way as they had before the Second Battle of Idlib,[16] and the Southern Storm command declared the Damascus–Daraa road a "closed military zone" to try to stop supplies and reinforcements getting to soldiers in Daraa.[17]

The offensive, which was planned by the Free Syrian Army[17] and involved a new "higher central operations room",[14] began with the FSA and other rebel groups (54 in total) storming Dara’a Al-Balad District and the Al-Manasheer District of Daraa city in the early morning. Rebels also attacked the town of Ghazleh.[1] The Syrian Army responded by dropping at least 60 barrel bombs on rebel positions. Rebels advanced towards the western entrance of Daraa and captured five checkpoints[18][19] near the national hospital and Air Force Intelligence building, but were reportedly pushed back by government forces around Dara’a Al-Balad and Al-Manasheer. The rebel attack on the Damascus–Daraa highway was also reportedly repelled.[20]

Mohammed al-Asfar, a 19-year-old Al Jazeera cameraman, was killed by shelling during fighting on 26 June.[21] By this point, opposition activists claimed that rebel forces had made further advances, capturing the headquarters of the State Security and the Air Force Intelligence branch, which allegedly left them in control of 85% of Daraa city.[22] However, two days later, although pro-government Al-Masdar News acknowledged that the rebels achieved some success at the town of ‘Itman, north of the city, and inside the Industrial District, it stated that many of these gains had been reversed.[23] In addition, days later, a commander who was a member of the rebel media office confirmed opposition media had exaggerated rebel gains and described the announcement that wide areas of Daraa were captured, as well as the coming of the battle days before it was launched, as "media chaos and publishing [of] inaccurate news" which the offensive's operation room could not restrain.[24]

On 27 June, the operation room of the "Southern Storm" battle was attacked by Islamist gunmen, resulting in several injuries and the withdrawal of the attacked rebel factions from the battlefield. That government troops managed to repel the major rebel assault on the provincial capital stood in stark contrast to a string of setbacks they had suffered in previous months.[4]

Interlude

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As of 2 July, the rebels had failed to make any significant progress. Fighting was reported in the outskirts of Itman, in an attempt to cut the Syrian Army's supply route, with the Air Force conducting airstrikes and the Damascus-Daraa highway still fully held by the Syrian Army.[25] The following day, it was reported that the lack of advances was due to the coordination between the Southern Front and the Army of Conquest in the area being hampered by a lack of cohesion. This stemmed from the FSA's First Army refusing to align itself with the al-Nusra Front.[26] The Southern Front's spokesman stated that they sought to exclude al-Nusra from the offensive, which in turn caused al-Nusra to respond in kind, causing problems.[27]

Attempted renewal of the offensive

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On 8 July, the rebels reportedly renewed their offensive.[28] However, as of 10 July, the rebels had failed to make much headway in the face of stiff resistance by the Army, backed up by heavy air strikes on rebel positions.[5]

Aftermath

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On 13 August, the rebels took Tal Za'tar hill, near the western suburbs of the city, but it was reportedly recaptured by the Army the next day.[29]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Free Syrian Army launches offensive 'Southern Storm' in a bid to take to take Daraa City". Al Masdar. 25 June 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  2. ^ a b Lucas, Scott (25 June 2015). "Syria Daily: Rebels Launch Offensive to Capture Daraa City". EA WorldView. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  3. ^ a b c "The battle of 'Aasefat al- Janoub' starts and more that 51 rebel and Islamic factions aim to seize the city of Daraa and its vicinity". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 25 June 2015. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Islamic State scores up gains and losses in Syrian fighting". Reuters. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Lebanon's Hezbollah says Assad regains momentum after setbacks". Reuters. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  6. ^ "Syrian rebels escalate attacks on army in southern Deraa city". Archived from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2015-08-29.
  7. ^ "Syrian rebels launch offensive aimed at southern city". Yahoo News. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Gunmen attack the room operations of the battles in city of Daraa". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 28 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  9. ^ Leith Fadel. "The Southern Front Offensives Fail on Three Fronts". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  10. ^ Elijah J. Magnier [@EjmAlrai] (27 June 2015). "Sources in Daraa told me that rebels have lost around 200 fighters in the failed campaign. Government sources says over 300 rebels killed" (Tweet). Retrieved 7 July 2015 – via Twitter.
  11. ^ Leith Abou Fadel [@LeithFadel] (27 June 2015). "Over 110 terrorists have been killed at Daraa City in the last 72 hours; 28 soldiers from the Syrian Arab Army have been killed" (Tweet). Retrieved 7 July 2015 – via Twitter.
  12. ^ Rebels, Qaeda launch assault on Syria’s Daraa
  13. ^ "Syrian rebels launch offensive aimed at southern city". Yahoo News. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015. The new offensive started around dawn Thursday, aiming to 'liberate the city of Daraa,' said Maj. Issam el Rayyes, spokesman for the Southern Front, a coalition of several dozen moderate rebel groups that is leading the push.
  14. ^ a b Cafarella, Jennifer (2 July 2015). "Rebels Launch New Offensive in Southern Syria". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  15. ^ Erin Banco (26 June 2015). "Syrian Rebel Groups Merge To Take On Assad In Dera'a, But Deep Divisions Remain". International Business Times. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  16. ^ Gardner, David (25 June 2015). "Syria edges towards partition". The Financial Times. Retrieved 25 June 2015. rebels are poised to capture Deraa on the border with Jordan. They have already taken a neighbouring military base while the government has reportedly evacuated its administration from the city — which is what it did before the northern city of Idlib fell in March.
  17. ^ a b Lund, Aron (25 June 2015). "The Battle for Deraa". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 25 June 2015. The Southern Storm offensive has been engineered by commanders in the so-called Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army
  18. ^ "20 regime forces killed during clashes in Dar'a countryside". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  19. ^ Ahmad (26 June 2015). "نحو 50 قتيلاً وشهيداً خلال ساعات على انطلاق معارك "عاصفة الجنوب" بمدينة درعا - المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان". المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان [Syrian Observatory For Human Rights]. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  20. ^ Leith Fadel. "Southern Front fails to cutoff [sic] Damascus-Dara'a Road". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  21. ^ "Al-Jazeera cameraman killed in shelling in Syria". New York: Committee to Protect Journalists. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  22. ^ Khalil, Taim (27 June 2015). "Syrian rebels take over regime headquarters in Daraa". ARA News. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  23. ^ Leith Fadel (28 June 2015). "Southern Front offensive yields little gains and heavy casualties". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  24. ^ "Opposition media exaggerate 'South Storm' gains in Daraa: rebel commander SYRIA NEWS - ZAMAN ALWSL". ZamanALWSL.net. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  25. ^ Heba (2 July 2015). "Southern Front Fails to Advance in Dara'a City". AlmasdarNews.com. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  26. ^ Joscelyn, Thomas (3 July 2015). "Al Nusrah Front, allies form new coalition for battle in Aleppo". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 4 July 2015. Jaysh al Fateh ('Army of the Conquest') in the South was founded on June 20 as an alternative to the Southern Front, which comprises various FSA factions. The First Army, an FSA group in Southern Front, has rejected cooperation with Jaysh al Fateh, preferring to fight the Assad regime without entering into a formal alliance with al Qaeda's official branch in the country [...] The insurgents have complained in the press and online about a lack of coordination between the two main coalitions fighting Assad in the south, blaming a lack of cohesion for their inability to deal a decisive blow to the regime.
  27. ^ Perry, Tom; Al-Khalidi, Suleiman (9 July 2015). "After gains, Syria rebels face tough fight for Deraa, Aleppo". Reuters. Retrieved 9 July 2015. The Southern Front groups, widely assessed as the main rebel force in the south, have sought to exclude the al Qaeda-linked Nusra Front from the operation. Nusra had responded by trying to obstruct the assault, Southern Front spokesman Isaam al-Rayyes said. "This had an impact."
  28. ^ "Syria Direct: News Update 7-8-15". SyriaDirect.org. 8 July 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  29. ^ Fadel, Leith (14 August 2015). "Breaking: Syrian Army Recaptures Tal Za'tar in West Dara'a". AlmasdarNews.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
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