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1987 Bihar flood
LocationBihar
Deaths1,399 human and 5302 animals
Property damage67,881.00 (crop) and 680.86 (public property) Lakh INR

The 1987 Bihar flood, caused by dramatic annual flooding of the Koshi River (nicknamed "the sorrow of Bihar"[1]), was one of the worst floods in Bihar, India, in a decade caused by an immense landslide that blocked the main route of Bhote Kosi River. This resulted from large quantities of earth falling into the river; thus, building a damn approximately 1 km in length. An enormous lake formed behind the damn causing the tragic flood.[2] 1399 people and 5302 animals lost their lives and nearly 29 million people were affected in 30 districts, 382 blocks, 6,112 panchayat, and 24,518 villages. Government figures list damage to crops at an estimated 68 billion Indian rupees and damage to public property at 68 million rupees.[3]

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References and footnotes

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please find the link. The previous link is dead. The new link is here. http://www.igovernment.in/site/Bihars-flood-of-fury-End-of-Kosi-civilisation/

  1. ^ Om Prakash Yadav (29 August 2008). "Bihar's flood of furry: End of Kosi civilisation?". iGovernment. Retrieved 12 December 2008. [dead link‍]
  2. ^ Sharma, Avinash. [www.oneindia.com/feature/kosi-has-been-bihar-s-sorrow-state-s-history-proves-it-1495721.html "Kosi has been Bihar's sorrow: State's history proves it"]. oneindia. Retrieved 15 September 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  3. ^ "History of Floods and Damages". Flood Management Information System. Government of Bihar, Disaster Management Department. Retrieved 12 December 2008.


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1987 Bihar flood
LocationBihar
Deaths1,399 human and 5302 animals
Property damage67,881.00 (crop) and 680.86 (public property) Lakh INR

The 1987 Bihar flood, caused by high levels of annual flooding of the Koshi River (nicknamed "the sorrow of Bihar"[1]), was one of the worst floods in Bihar, India, in a decade caused by a landslide that blocked the main route of Bhote Kosi River. This resulted from chunks of earth falling into the river; thus, building a damn approximately 1 km in length. An enormous lake formed behind the damn, causing the tragic flood, that held between 28 and 32 lakh cusecs of water.[2] The flood killed 6701 people and animals in total and impacted approximately 29 million people in the following areas: 30 districts, 382 blocks, 6112 panchayat, and 24,518 villages. Government statistics took record of crop damage to be approximately 68 billion Indian rupees. In addition, unrestricted property was given a value of 68 million rupees by the same government figures. This particular flood is one of many floods that happen in Bihar, India. In fact, the state of Bihar has the most severe flooding as compared to other areas of the India.[3] The Kosi River is to blame for this as it has a problematic history of flooding and changing in its direction. Furthermore, this river is located at the northern part of the Bihar plains in eastern India and is an important tributary in the Ganga river system.[4]

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References and footnotes

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please find the link. The previous link is dead. The new link is here. http://www.igovernment.in/site/Bihars-flood-of-fury-End-of-Kosi-civilisation/

  1. ^ Om Prakash Yadav (29 August 2008). "Bihar's flood of furry: End of Kosi civilisation?". iGovernment. Retrieved 12 December 2008. [dead link‍]
  2. ^ Sharma, Avinash. "Kosi has been Bihar's sorrow: State's history proves it". oneindia. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  3. ^ Sinha, C. P. (Nov. 15-21, 2008). "Management of Flood in Bihar". Economic & Political Weekly. 43: 40. Retrieved 5 October 2015. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  4. ^ Sinha, Bapula, Singh, Rath, R, G.V., L.K., B (December 2008). "Flood Risk Analysis in the Kosi River Basin, North Bihar using Multi-Parametric Approach of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)" (PDF). Photonirvachak: 335. Retrieved 5 October 2015. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


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  • Reference link on first sentence is a dead link so there is really no way of knowing if it is plagiarized or not.
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Article Contribution 1

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The 2015 Canadian wildfires are a series of wildfires across Canada and Alaska in July 2015 which spread smoke across most of North America. Over two hundred fires were ablaze across British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.[1]

Tens of thousand of people have been evacuated and more than 1,900,000 hectares (4,700,000 acres) of forest have burned.[2] Fire-fighters from Mexico,[3] Western Australia[2] and as far as New Zealand are being sent to assist.[3] The Canadian military is also fighting the fires.[4]

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  1. ^ "Wildfires raging in western Canada, with 1 larger than Saskatchewan's largest city". Star and Tribune. Associated Press. 10 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  2. ^ a b Weber, David (12 July 2015). "WA firefighters to help battle Canadian wildfires". ABC News. Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  3. ^ a b Staff (11 July 2015). "Foreign firefighters on the way to help combat wildfires". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  4. ^ "Saskatchewan to get military help battling northern fires". International Business Times. IBT Media Inc. The Canadian Press. 5 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.


 

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The 2015 Canadian wildfires were a series of wildfires across Canada and Alaska in July 2015 which spread smoke across most of North America. Over two hundred fires were ablaze across British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.[1]

Tens of thousand of people had been evacuated and more than 1,900,000 hectares (4,700,000 acres) of forest had burned.[2] Fire-fighters from Mexico,[3] Western Australia[2] and as far as New Zealand were sent to assist.[3] The Canadian military also fought the fires.[4] Since the smoke was so dense, warnings had been given across central and Western Canada; additionally, parts of the western United States were also issued air advisories because of the amount of smoke. Wildfires have burned one million hectares (2.4 million acres) in Saskatchewan in the past year according to statistics posted on the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre.[5] The words people have used to describe this natural disaster is "extreme, unprecedented, and historic. A majority of the ecosystem where the fire had been burning consists of boreal forests. Circumstances for catastrophic fires were created as a result of the fuel buildup starting in the 1950s caused fire inhibition. This outcome created a change in the landscape-age mosaic. Initially, this fuel buildup was created for closed canopy ecosystems such as the Pinus ponderosa located in the western United States.[6]

References

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  1. ^ Albert, Prince (10 July 2015). "Wildfire Raging in western Canada, with 1 large than Saskatchewan's largest city". StarTribune. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  2. ^ a b Weber, David (12 July 2015). "WA firefighters to help battle Canadian wildfires". ABC News. Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  3. ^ a b Staff (11 July 2015). "Foreign firefighters on the way to help combat wildfires". theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  4. ^ "Saskatchewan to get military help battling northern fires". International Business Times. IBT Media Inc. The Canadian Press. 5 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  5. ^ Albert, Prince (10 July 2015). "Wildfires raging in western Canada, with 1 larger than Saskatchewan's largest city". StarTribune. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  6. ^ Johnson, Miyanishi, Bridge, Edward A, Kiyoko, S, R. J. (2001). "Wildfire regime in the boreal forest and the idea of suppression and fuel buildup". FRAMES. Retrieved 24 November 2015.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


 

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Article Contribution 2

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1902 Guatemala earthquake
 
 
Guatemala City
 
UTC time??
Duration1–2 min [1]
Magnitude7.5 Mw [2]
Depth25 km (16 mi) [2]
Epicenter14°N 91°W / 14°N 91°W / 14; -91 [2]
Areas affectedGuatemala
Max. intensityVIII (Severe) [2]
Casualties800–2,000 [3][2]

The 1902 Guatemala earthquake struck on April 18 at 20:23:50 hrs with a moment magnitude of 7.5 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe). The shock had a focal depth of approximately 25 km (16 mi) and the duration of shaking was 1 to 2 minutes.

This event a significant foreshock and aftershock sequence. Prior to the mainshock, earthquakes were felt for three months and the aftershocks persisted for more than two weeks. Most churches in western Guatemala and eastern Chiapas were heavily damaged or destroyed. Between 800 and 2,000 were killed.[3][1]

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References

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  1. ^ a b White, Ligorria & Cifuentes 2004, p. 394 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFWhiteLigorriaCifuentes2004 (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e White, Ligorria & Cifuentes 2004, p. 387 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFWhiteLigorriaCifuentes2004 (help)
  3. ^ a b c USGS (4 September 2009), PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey
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1902 Guatemala earthquake
 
 
Guatemala City
 
UTC time??
Duration1–2 min [1]
Magnitude7.5 Mw [2]
Depth25 km (16 mi) [2]
Epicenter14°N 91°W / 14°N 91°W / 14; -91 [2]
Areas affectedGuatemala
Max. intensityVIII (Severe) [2]
Casualties800–2,000 [3][2]

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The Guatemala earthquake in 1902 occuring on April 18 8:23 pm with a moment magnitude of 7.5 had a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe). The tremor was roughly 25 km (16 mi) in focal depth; in addition, the time interval of the earthquake was 1 to 2 minutes.

The foreshock and aftershock series of this incident were major. Before the main shock, there were earthquakes being felt for three months and the tremors afterwards persisted for more than two weeks. A majority of churches in western Guatemala and eastern Chiapas were either severely devastated or abolished. The number of people killed was between 800 and 2,000.[3][1]

A strange occurrence of heavy rains, lightning, and thunder took place shortly before the earthquake. A few weeks before to the earthquake there was rain every afternoon for several days straight. Guatemala City was instantly flooded when massive gaps opened in the streets, water pipes ruptured, and huts along with cathedrals disintegrated and collapsed, which also buried hundreds. In just one hour, approximately 80,000 people were made homeless.[4]

As soon as the earthquake took place the sky cleared up and there was no rain for approximately three weeks. It has been said that the earthquake had something to do with an atmospheric disturbance connected with an electrical nature. The reason for this is because the early storms were electrical storms.[5]

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References

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  1. ^ a b White, Ligorria & Cifuentes 2004, p. 394 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFWhiteLigorriaCifuentes2004 (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e White, Ligorria & Cifuentes 2004, p. 387 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFWhiteLigorriaCifuentes2004 (help)
  3. ^ a b c USGS (4 September 2009), PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey
  4. ^ Davis, Lee (1 January 2009). Natural Disasters (revised ed.). Facts on File Science Library: Infobase Publishing. p. 50. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  5. ^ Eisen, Gustav (1903). "The Earthquake and Volcanic Eruption in Guatemala in 1902". Bulletin of the American Geographical Society. 35: 329. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
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Article Contribution 3

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The heatwave in 2002 in south India killed more than 1,000 people.[1] Most of the dead were poor and elderly. Most of the deaths occurred in state of Andhra Pradesh. In the hardest-hit districts, the heat was so intense that tin-roofed shanties turned into ovens, ponds and rivers dried up, birds fell from the sky and animals collapsed.[2]

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References

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  1. ^ "Heat wave in India kills 1,000 people this week". CBC News. 22 May 2002.
  2. ^ "More than 1,000 dead in southern India heat wave". USA Today. 22 May 2002. Retrieved 21 April 2010.


 

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More than 1,030 people were killed in the 2002 heatwave in south India.[1] Most of the dead were poor and elderly. Most of the deaths occurred in state of Andhra Pradesh. In districts that were impacted most, ponds and rivers evaporated and in those same districts birds had fallen from the sky and animals were collapsing from the intense heat. [2] It is said by officials to be the worst heat wave in four years. The relief commissioner of Andhra Pradesh, Rosaiah, said that the maximum number of 172 deaths related to heat took place in the East Godavari district. There were 166 deaths in Prakasam and 144 deaths in West Godavari.[3] There were unusually high temperatures that were detected across India during April of the year 2002. In addition this heat wave over northern zones of India lasted from the middle of April to the third week in May, thus, causing these fatalities. On May 10 the highest temperature recorded in the region of Gannavaram (Vijayawada) was 49 degrees Celsius (120.2 degrees Fahrenheit).[4]

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References

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  1. ^ "Heat wave in India kills 1,000 people this week". CBC News. 22 May 2002.
  2. ^ "More than 1,000 dead in southern India heat wave". USA Today. 22 May 2002. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
  3. ^ Hyderabad (23 May 2002). "India's Heatwave Toll 1,200, No Respite In Site". TerraDaily. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  4. ^ Dube, Rao, R.K., G.S. (July 2005). "Extreme Weather Events over India in the last 100 years" (PDF). J. Ind. Geophys. Union. Vol.9: 178 pages=pp.173-187. Retrieved 21 November 2015. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help); Missing pipe in: |page= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


 

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