Panchpargania Language
| Panchpargania | |
|---|---|
| Tamria | |
| Dikukaj, Kherwari, Gawari, Sadani | |
 Panchpargania word in "Jhar script" | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha |
| Ethnicity | Indigenous/Autochthon |
Native speakers | 1.5 million (2011 AD) |
Default
| |
| Devanagari script, Jhar script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tdb – Panchpargania |
"Panchpargania language" is one of the main languages of Jharkhand state. This language is listed by the state government as the second official language of the province. This language is the main language spoken mainly in the plateau region of Chotanagpur and it has special importance here. "Panchpargania language", "Panchpargana" (formed from two words 'five' and 'pargana') is the backbone for the region- Silli, Bundu, Barenda, Sonahatu, Rahe, East Tamar, West Tamar, Arki etc. The Panchparganas region forms the present-day administrative unit of Angara, Namkom, Silli, Sonahatu, Rahe, Bundu, Tamar, Arki, Khunti, Murhu, Bandgaon, Chowka, Chandil, Ichagarh, Kukru, Nimdih, Kandra, Gamharia, Kuchai, Seraikella, Kharsawan, Gobindpur, Chakradharpur, Chaibasa, Potka, Mussabani, Jhalda, Purulia, Begun kudar, Baghmundi, Patkum, Dhalbhumgarh, Manbhum, Keonjhar, and other blocks and Hazaribagh, Giridih, Dhanbad, some villages of Bokaro district of Jharkhand and tea gardens of Assam. In this regard, the author of Bhojpuri language-literature Dr. Uday Narayan Tiwari has written indicating that the eastern regions of Ranchi are called Silli, Sonahatu, Bundu, Tamar and Rahe as Panchpargana. This language is the most useful medium of common speaking, trade, education, contact and communication for all the communities (Indigenous and Autochthon peoples) settled here. Along with this it is also an inter-provincial language. "Panchpargania" is the language of the Indo-European clan and is directly related to the Indo-Aryan languages. At the time when the Aryans arrived in India, the Sanskrit language had already emerged. We find the oldest form of Sanskrit in the Vedas, which was used as the language of the people at that time. In the course of time, as the Sanskrit language became more ornate and rich, gradually this language lost its relation with the life of the people. There came a time when the Sanskrit language became difficult for the common people, because with the development of the literary language of Sanskrit, there was also the development of the original language which was the language of the Aryans. It is possible that the language of the common people, Many words of the Dravidian language must have come and merged. When the nature of literary language and mass language became completely different, it is natural that they also got different nomenclature. At the time of Mahatma Gautam Buddha, Sanskrit was the language of literature and the language of the people was called 'Pali'. The changed form of this language came to be called 'Prakrit'. Many religious scripts are available in Prakrit language during the time of Emperor Ashoka. Mahavir Swami and Gautam Buddha also resorted to 'Prakrit' language for their religious teachings, in fact 'Prakrit' was the public language, as a result its literature became more popular.
Poetry and religious texts were composed independently in Prakrit language, but as soon as it became burdened with literature, its popular relation also got lost from the common people. Most of the scholars in Prakrit language seemed to be impure in writing and practical form. Therefore scholars considered it to be impure. Gave the name of Apbhransh language' which later became more popular than Prakrit. Apbhransh also came with the regularity and artificiality of grammar and the ornamentation of literature, due to which it also became lifeless. Like Prakrit language, Apbhransh also had two distinctions. - 1. Defined Apbhransh and 2. Impurity Apbhransh. [1]The refined Apbhransh of the first group was the language of the scholars and the impure Apbhransh was the folk-language. Linguistic differences are rarely found in Apbhransh literature, because all Apbhransh literature is in a defined language. Especially the later grammarians have given many distinctions on the basis of the country of Apbhransh. Dr. Tagare in his 'Historical Grammar of Apbhransh' has given three distinctions of Apbhransh- 1. Southern 2. Western and 3. Eastern. In fact, according to the earlier tradition of Indo-Aryan language, Apbhransh also had only two regional distinctions - 1. Western and 2. Eastern. In which the Western Apbhransh was defined and the Eastern Apbhransh was its only definition. More than this distinction of Apbhransh cannot be considered a true condition. The Eastern or Magadhi Apbhransh was impure. It gradually reduced its grammatical complexity and became a popular language. Magahi, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Bangla, Assamese, Odia, Gujarati and Marathi Aryan languages emerged and developed from this Magadhi Apbhransh language. Of these, Magahi, Maithili and Bhojpuri were named 'Bihari' by Dr. Grierson. Like other languages of the Bihari family, Panchpargania is a language developed from the Magadhi Apbhransh, which till now was considered to be the dialect of Magahi, Bhojpuri and Nagpuri. Scholars have also considered another language community, Ardh-Magadhi Prakrit, in which they give place to dialects like Awadhi, Bhojpuri etc. and call it by the name of Eastern Hindi. Nagpuri, Sadani language also comes under this Eastern Hindi. The development of Panchpargania has also happened along with these languages. At present, it has made an identity as an independent language and for its existence, it is enriching day by day on the path of development of language-literature. Linguist Prof. According to the opinion of Parmanand Mahto - somewhere in the literature, the period of Apbhransh has been considered to be from 600 to 900 AD and this period has been considered by other scholars to be from 600 to 1200 AD. Prakrit and Apbhransh which were popular dialects were greatly influenced by the Gujras and Amir communities. An important Prakrit-Gurjari, from which the modern Gujarati language was born, it is a product of the Gujras and has been influenced by the Aamari (Ahri) or Aabhir (Ahir) etc. The great linguist and aesthetician of the 6th century 'Dandi' has defined Apabhramsa Prakriti as the verse style derived from the influence of the language of the Amirs (Ahirs). According to Panchparganiya Vayayakarni Dr. Karam Chandra Ahir- "The original source of Panchpargania language is from 'Abhiri Apbhransh' and group of Ahir castes migrated or migrated from 'Ahirwara' area of Madhya Pradesh and settled in Panchparganas area of Jharkhand. Scholar 'Bhandarkar' is of the view that the stories of Jesus Christ in India were spread by Abhiro and it was also included in the Krishna stories. Their ethnic dialect was Ahiri, which later came to be known as "Kherwari" and "Panchpargania" in the Panchparganas region. This Ahir caste came here before other castes isolated from the tribals in Panchpargana region. Panchpargania folk songs in the language of this caste are found mostly oral and compiled in few places. Comparative study of Sohrai songs here shows that these Folk songs are a product of the Ahir castes, whose composition may also be from the 8th or 9th century. Evidence of the modern form of Panchpargania language begins to be found in the elegant songs here from the 15th century.
After the arrival of the Ahir castes in Panchparganas (8th, 9th centuries) the seeds of Panchpargania must have been planted here and flourished as a result of the Krishna bhakti preaching of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1485 AD) and by the 14th, 15th centuries they were all The features must have come into it, which are present in the modern Panchpargania language. Panchpargania is the real sister of Nagpuri language, it has been said by earlier scholars, but its earlier literature is also not available to prove the truth of this statement. When the Panchpargania language acquired its modern form cannot be said accurately. It can definitely be said that Panchpargania language has emerged and developed along with languages like Bangla, Odia, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Nagpuri etc., because Panchpargania language like the above mentioned modern Indian languages in preserving cultural and temporal heritage. personal originality. "Panchpargana" means all those parganas in so far as language, culture, social customs, environment, living style, dress, morality, festivals, dance-song, rhythm etc. are of the same type. Lives and people who speak and understand this language live. On this basis, there is a wide area of Panchparganas- Angara, Namkom, Silli, Banta-Hajam, Patrahatu, Pogra, Basantpur, Tentla, Barenda, Bongadar-Dulmi, chokahatu, Baredih, Rahe, Dulmi, Lowahatu, Sataki, Chandandih, Reladih, Bundu, East Tamar, West Tamar, Sindri, Naurhi, Arki, Khunti, Murhu, Bandgaon, Chowka, Chandil, Ichagarh, Kukru, Nimdih, Kandra, Kuchai, Gamharia, Seraikela, Kharsawan, Jhalda, Purulia, Begun kodar, Baghmundi, Chakradharpur, Chaibasa, Gobindpur, Potka, Patkum, Dhalbhumgarh, Keonjhar etc. Parganas. Presently, the Panchparganas region as administrative unit- Tamar, Arki, Sonahatu, Rahe, Bundu, Silli, Angara, Namkom, Jhalda, Purulia, Begun kudar, Baghmundi, Ichagarh, Chowka, Chandil, Gamharia, Kuchai, Seraikela, Kharsawan, Chakradharpur, Chaibasa, Gobindpur, Potka, Musabani, Keonjhar etc. Thus it can be said that "Panchpargania language spread in half Ranchi (Eastern and Northern region completely), half Purulia, East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum, Seraikela-Kharsawan (completely), bordering areas of West Bengal and Odisha. Has happened."
In conclusion, it can be said that Panchpargania language is the most prevalent language of other regions including Panchparganas. About 15 lakh (fifteen lakh) Panchparganiya speaking people reside here. This language has an ancient literary tradition and has independent modern prose-poetry literature. Even in educational institutions like all schools and colleges of Panchpargania language area, students are taking advantage of government/non-government services by making it the medium of instruction and getting higher education. This language is the main contact language of the Indigenous and the Autochthon people in the entire Panchparganas region, which binds the groups together. This language is used for inter-provincial contacts, trade, It is the basic tool of marketing. This language is not associated with any particular religious tradition or faith and is used by all religions. This language is also a language independent of its grammatical features. To read and write this language Dr. Karam Chandra Ahir has prepared "Jhar Script" and has also written "Grammar" and "Literary History" of this language . At present, teaching-learning or study-teaching in Panchpargania is mainly done in Devanagari script only.
Persons of Panchpargania
edit- Barjuram Tanti - Folk Poet
- Gaurang Singh - Folk Poet
- Ramkrishna Gauguli - Folk Poet
- Kamla Munda - Folk Poet
- Bhavpreetanand Ojha - Folk Poet
- Bidumani - Folk Poetess
- Jyotilal Mahadani - First Storyteller
- Srishtidhar Mahato 'Sameer' - The first Playwright
- Dr. Ram Dayal Munda - Great Linguist, Educationist, Litterateur, Art cum Culture lover and Politician
- Pro. Parmanand Mahto "Pream" - Linguist and Litterateur
- Dr. Karam Chandra Ahir - Litterateur and Inventor of "Jhar script"
- Santosh Sahu 'Pritam' - First Novelist
- Dr. Chandramohan Mahto - Litterateur
- Rajkishor Singh 'Buruwar' - Litterateur and Art cum Culture lover
- Dr. Dinbandhu Mahto - Litterateur
Context
editExternal Link
editInstitutions :
edit1. Panchpargania Bhasha Vikash Kendreey Samiti, Bundu (Ranchi), Establishment year- 1982 AD.
- Secretary/coordinator- Dr. Karam Chandra Ahir.
2. Panchpargania Bhasha-Sahitya Evam Kala Parishad, Sonahatu (Ranchi), Establishment year- 2017 AD.
- President- Dr. Dinesh Prasad Singh.
Magazines :
edit1. "Bihan" Panchpargania Annual Magazine, Bundu (Ranchi), Editor - Dr. Karam Chandra Ahir.