premierzy
edit| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Tenure | Ministerial offices held as prime minister | Party | Government | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||||
| Władysław Sikorski (1881–1943) |
30 September 1939 | 19 July 1940 | 293 days | Minister of Justice (16 October 1939-19 July 1940) Minister of Military Affairs |
Independent | Sikorski II | ||
| August Zaleski (1860–1941) |
19 July 1940 | 25 July 1940 | 6 days | Independent | ||||
| Władysław Sikorski (1881–1943) |
25 July 1940 | 4 July 1943† | 2 years, 344 days | Minister of Interior (25 July 1940-10 October 1940) Minister of Military Affairs (25 July 1940-26 August 1942) |
Independent | Sikorski III | ||
| Stanisław Mikołajczyk (1901–1966) |
14 July 1943 | 24 November 1944 | 1 year, 133 days | People's Party | Mikołajczyk | |||
| Tomasz Arciszewski (1877–1955) |
29 November 1944 | 25 July 1945 (lost recognition by major Allied powers) |
2 years, 215 days | Director of the Ministry of Labour and Welfare | Polish Socialist Party | Arciszewski | ||
| 2 July 1947 | ||||||||
| Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski (1895–1966) |
2 July 1947 | 10 February 1949 | 1 year, 223 days | Director of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Sail Director of the Ministry of Labour and Welfare Director of the Ministry of the Treasury |
Independent | Komorowski | ||
| Tadeusz Tomaszewski (1881–1950) |
7 April 1949 | 10 August 1950† | 1 year, 125 days | Director of the Ministry of Justice Director of the Ministry of the Treasury |
Union of Polish Socialists in Exile | Tomaszewski | ||
| Roman Odzierzyński (1892–1975) |
11 August 1950 (Acting) |
25 August 1950 | 3 years, 151 days | Director of the Ministry of Justice Director of the Ministry of National Defence |
Independent | |||
| 25 August 1950 | 8 December 1953 | Director of the Ministry of Justice Minister of National Defence Director of the Ministry of the Treasury (21 January 1952-8 December 1953) |
Odzierzyński | |||||
| Jerzy Hryniewski (1895–1978) |
18 January 1954 | 13 May 1954 | 115 days | Polish Independence League | Hryniewski | |||
| Stanisław Cat-Mackiewicz (1896–1966) |
8 June 1954 | 21 June 1955 | 1 year, 332 days | Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Independent | Mackiewicz | ||
| Hugon Hanke (1904–1964) |
8 August 1955 | 11 September 1955 (defected to the Polish People's Republic) |
34 days | Labour Faction | Hanke | |||
| Antoni Pająk (1893–1965) |
12 September 1955 | 28 March 1957 | 9 years, 275 days | Minister of the Treasury | Polish Socialist Party | Pająk I | ||
| 15 April 1957 | 26 September 1963 | Pająk II | ||||||
| 9 October 1963 | 14 June 1965 | Pająk III | ||||||
| Aleksander Zawisza (1896–1977) |
25 June 1965 | 9 June 1970 | 4 years, 349 days | Minister of Foreign Affairs | Independent | Zawisza | ||
| Zygmunt Muchniewski (1896–1979) |
20 July 1970 | 14 July 1972 | 1 year, 360 days | Labour Faction | Muchniewski | |||
| Alfred Urbański (1899–1983) |
18 July 1972 | 15 December 1973 | 3 years, 363 days | Minister of Interior | Polish Socialist Party | Urbański I | ||
| 17 January 1974 | 15 July 1947 | Minister of the Treasury | Urbański II | |||||
| Kazimierz Sabbat (1913–1989) |
5 August 1976 | 12 June 1978 | 9 years, 246 days | Minister of Justice Minister of National Affairs |
Independent | Sabbat I | ||
| 12 July 1978 | 9 April 1979 | Sabbat II | ||||||
| 20 July 1979 | 17 December 1983 | Minister of Foreign Affairs | Sabbat III | |||||
| 17 January 1984 | 8 April 1986 | Minister of Foreign Affairs | Sabbat IV | |||||
| Edward Szczepanik (1915–2005) |
8 April 1986 | 1 November 1989 | 4 years, 258 days | Independent | Szczepanik I | |||
| 1 November 1989 | 20 December 1990 | Szczepanik II | ||||||
misc
edit2020
Second round candidate endorsements
edit| Candidate | First round | Endorsement | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Szymon Hołownia | 13.87% | Against Duda[1] | ||
| Krzysztof Bosak | 6.78% | No endorsement[2] | ||
| Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz | 2.36% | Rafał Trzaskowski[3] | ||
| Robert Biedroń | 2.22% | Rafał Trzaskowski[4] | ||
| Stanisław Żółtek | 0.23% | Against Duda[5] | ||
| Marek Jakubiak | 0.17% | Andrzej Duda[6] | ||
| Waldemar Witkowski | 0.14% | No endorsement[7] | ||
1995
Second round candidate endorsements
edit| Candidate | First round | Endorsement | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jacek Kuroń | 9.22% | Rejected Wałęsa | ||
| Jan Olszewski | 6.86% | Rejected Wałęsa | ||
| Waldemar Pawlak | 4.31% | No endorsement[8] | ||
| Tadeusz Zieliński | 3.53% | ?? | ||
| Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz | 2.76% | Lech Wałęsa[8] | ||
| Janusz Korwin-Mikke | 2.40% | ?? | ||
| Andrzej Lepper | 1.32% | Aleksander Kwaśniewski[9] | ||
Campaign spending
edit| Party | 2001 | 2024 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spent | Cost | Spent | Cost | ||
| SLD-UP | 26,995,002 | 5,05 | 13,500,029 | 2,53 | |
| PO | 16,319,018 | 9,88 | 8,161,037 | 4,94 | |
| SRP | 1,862,470 | 1,40 | 931,409 | 0,70 | |
| PiS | 5,302,842 | 4,29 | 2,651,917 | 2,14 | |
| PSL | 9,409,950 | 8,05 | 4,705,856 | 4,03 | |
| LPR | 514,841 | 0,50 | 257,468 | 0,25 | |
| Source: [10] | |||||
1995 Polish presidential election
editCandidate selection
editSocial Democracy of the Republic of Poland
edit| Aleksander Kwaśniewski | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member of the Sejm (1989-2005) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Potential candidates | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleksander Kwaśniewski | Józef Oleksy | |||||||||
| Chairman of Social Democracy (1990-1995) |
Prime Minister of Poland (1995-1996) | |||||||||
During SdRP's Congress on 13 May, Kwaśniewski secured his party's endorsement for President with 296 out of 300 votes. Some delegates believed Józef Oleksy should become the candidate instead.[10][11]
Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms
edit| Lech Wałęsa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of Poland (1990-1995) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lech Wałęsa was selected as the Bloc's candidate.[10].
Freedom Union
edit| Jacek Kuroń | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member of the Sejm (1989-1993) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Potential candidates | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jacek Kuroń | Janusz Onyszkiewicz | Hanna Suchocka | ||||||||
| Minister of Labour and Social Policy (1992-1993) |
Minister of National Defence (1992-1993) |
Prime Minister of Poland (1992-1993) | ||||||||
During the 2nd Congress of the Freedom Union, three candidates decided to enter the party's candidate selection process: Jacek Kuroń, Janusz Onyszkiewicz and Hanna Suchocka. Suchocka, despite being the highest-ranking of the former three candidates, came last in the first round. The second round of voting saw Kuroń defeat Onyszkiewicz by a slight margin of 11 votes, and the former Minister of Labour became the party's official candidate for President.[10]
Movement for the Republic
edit| Jan Olszewski | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister of Poland (1991-1992) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Potential candidates | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan Olszewski | Lech Wałęsa | |||||||||
| Prime Minister of Poland (1991-1992) |
Chairman of Solidarity (1980-1991) | |||||||||
In August 1990, the KPN was split, with ~300 of its ~1500 members seceding, forming the Confederation of Independent Poland – Democratic Faction (Polish: Konfederacja Polski Niepodległej – Frakcja Demokratyczna, KPN-FD), accusing KPN's leader Leszek Moczulski of authoritarian rule over the party. When elections were called, whereas KPN-FD endorsed Wałęsa outright, KPN offered to endorse Wałęsa, on several conditions: for Wałesa to support an instant resignation of President Jaruzelski, immediate withdrawal of the Soviet Army from Poland and condemn the Balcerowicz Plan. Ultimately, with Wałęsa not fitting the conditions, Leszek Moczulski decided to himself run in the election[12]. With 111 thousand out of 100 thousand required signatures, he managed to pass the threshold to run.[10]
Polish People's Party
edit| Waldemar Pawlak | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member of the Sejm (1989-1993) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pawlak was selected as the party's candidate.[10]
Convent of St. Catherine
edit| Hanna Gronkiewcz-Waltz | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of the National Bank (1992-2001) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
| Potential candidates | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz | Leszek Moczulski | Jan Olszewski | Adam Strzembosz | Henryk Bąk | Wojciech Ziembiński | Roman Ciesielski | Jan Parys | |||
| President of the National Bank of Poland (1992-2001) |
Member of the Sejm (1993-1997) |
Prime Minister of Poland (1991-1992) |
Chairman of the Supreme Court of Poland (1990-1998) |
Deputy Marshal of the Sejm (1991-1993) |
Anti-communist oppositionist | Member of the Senat (1989-1991) |
Minister of National Defence (1991-1992) | |||
.jpg)
.jpg)
In August 1990, the KPN was split, with ~300 of its ~1500 members seceding, forming the Confederation of Independent Poland – Democratic Faction (Polish: Konfederacja Polski Niepodległej – Frakcja Demokratyczna, KPN-FD), accusing KPN's leader Leszek Moczulski of authoritarian rule over the party. When elections were called, whereas KPN-FD endorsed Wałęsa outright, KPN offered to endorse Wałęsa, on several conditions: for Wałesa to support an instant resignation of President Jaruzelski, immediate withdrawal of the Soviet Army from Poland and condemn the Balcerowicz Plan. Ultimately, with Wałęsa not fitting the conditions, Leszek Moczulski decided to himself run in the election[12]. With 111 thousand out of 100 thousand required signatures, he managed to pass the threshold to run.[10]
Other candidates
edit| Tadeusz Zieliński | Janusz Korwin-Mikke | Andrzej Lepper | Jan Pietrzak | Tadeusz Koźluk | Kazimierz Piotrowicz | Leszek Bubel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ombudsman in Poland (1992-1996) |
Member of the Sejm (1991-1993) |
Agriculturist | Satirist | Lawyer | Entrepreneur | Member of the Sejm (1991-1993) |
.JPG)
.jpg)
.jpg)
Withdrawn candidates
edit| Lech Kaczyński | Marek Markiewicz | Leszek Moczulski | Bogdan Pawłowski |
|---|---|---|---|
| Member of the Sejm (1991-1993) |
Chairman of KRRiT (1993-1994) |
Member of the Sejm (1993-1997) |
Entrepreneur |
| Endorsed Jan Olszewski | Endorsed Lech Wałęsa | Endorsed Lech Wałęsa | Endorsed Lech Wałęsa |
Rejected candidates
editThe following candidates registered to run, but failed to cross the threshold of 100,000 signatures required to run in the election:
- Bolesław Tejkowski (Chairman of the Polish National Community)
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ "Hołownia: W II turze będę głosował na Trzaskowskiego, ale bez przyjemności". 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ "Kogo poprze Bosak w II turze? "Wybór między jawnym wrogiem, a fałszywym przyjacielem"". 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ "Kosiniak-Kamysz zagłosuje na Trzaskowskiego. "Moi wyborcy mają swój rozum"". 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ "Biedroń poparł Trzaskowskiego, ludzie Hołowni prowadzą rozmowy". 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ "Stanisław Żółtek: z Dudą mogę napić się wódki, ale na pewno na niego nie zagłosuję". 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ "Jakubiak namawia swoich wyborców, by w drugiej turze poparli Dudę". 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ "Waldemar Witkowski, były kandydat na prezydenta Polski: W drugiej turze nie udzielam poparcia żadnemu z kandydatów". 2020-07-08. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Pienkoswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Drozd-Piasecka, Mirosława (2001). "Andrzej Lepper - chłopski przywódca charyzmatyczny? Wizerunek medialny przewodniczącego "Samoobrony"". Etnografia Polska (in Polish). 45 (1–2): 66. ISSN 0071-1861.
- ^ a b c d e f g Dudek, Antoni (2023). Historia polityczna Polski 1989–2023 [Polish political history 1989-2023] (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. ISBN 978-83-67450-66-9.
- ^ Woliński, Przemysław. Transformacja Sojuszu Lewicy Demokratycznej – od koalicji wyborczej do partii politycznej.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Szycwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).