- INFO: Beginning work on ABL1... {October 29, 2007 1:18:30 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:19:40 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ab2}}, {{PDB2|1abo}}, {{PDB2|1abq}}, {{PDB2|1awo}}, {{PDB2|1bbz}}, {{PDB2|1fpu}}, {{PDB2|1iep}}, {{PDB2|1ju5}}, {{PDB2|1m52}}, {{PDB2|1opj}}, {{PDB2|1opk}}, {{PDB2|1opl}}, {{PDB2|1zzp}}, {{PDB2|2abl}}, {{PDB2|2e2b}}, {{PDB2|2f4j}}, {{PDB2|2fo0}}, {{PDB2|2g1t}}, {{PDB2|2g2f}}, {{PDB2|2g2h}}, {{PDB2|2g2i}}, {{PDB2|2gqg}}, {{PDB2|2hiw}}, {{PDB2|2hyy}}, {{PDB2|2hz0}}, {{PDB2|2hz4}}, {{PDB2|2hzi}}, {{PDB2|2hzn}}, {{PDB2|2o88}}
| Name = V-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1
| HGNCid = 76
| Symbol = ABL1
| AltSymbols =; ABL; JTK7; bcr/abl; c-ABL; p150; v-abl
| OMIM = 189980
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3783
| MGIid = 87859
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ABL1_202123_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000287 |text = magnesium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003677 |text = DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004713 |text = protein-tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008022 |text = protein C-terminus binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030145 |text = manganese ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005856 |text = cytoskeleton}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000115 |text = S-phase-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006298 |text = mismatch repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008150 |text = biological_process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008630 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0018108 |text = peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030036 |text = actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 25
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000097007
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005148
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005157
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 132579089
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 132752883
| Hs_Uniprot = P00519
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11350
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000026842
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009594
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033724
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 31511748
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 31626236
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3SYK5
}}
}}
'''V-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1''', also known as '''ABL1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Activity of c-Abl protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR (MIM:151410) and ABL1 genes present in many cases of chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2-11.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ABL1 v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=25| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Shaul Y |title=c-Abl: activation and nuclear targets. |journal=Cell Death Differ. |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 10-6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10713716 |doi= 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400626 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Era T |title=Bcr-Abl is a "molecular switch" for the decision for growth and differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells. |journal=Int. J. Hematol. |volume=76 |issue= 1 |pages= 35-43 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12138893 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pendergast AM |title=The Abl family kinases: mechanisms of regulation and signaling. |journal=Adv. Cancer Res. |volume=85 |issue= |pages= 51-100 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12374288 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Keung YK, Beaty M, Steward W, ''et al.'' |title=Chronic myelocytic leukemia with eosinophilia, t(9;12)(q34;p13), and ETV6-ABL gene rearrangement: case report and review of the literature. |journal=Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. |volume=138 |issue= 2 |pages= 139-42 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12505259 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Saglio G, Cilloni D |title=Abl: the prototype of oncogenic fusion proteins. |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=61 |issue= 23 |pages= 2897-911 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15583852 |doi= 10.1007/s00018-004-4271-0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shaul Y, Ben-Yehoyada M |title=Role of c-Abl in the DNA damage stress response. |journal=Cell Res. |volume=15 |issue= 1 |pages= 33-5 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15686624 |doi= 10.1038/sj.cr.7290261 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yoshida K |title=Regulation for nuclear targeting of the Abl tyrosine kinase in response to DNA damage. |journal=Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. |volume=604 |issue= |pages= 155-65 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17695727 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on APOA1... {October 29, 2007 1:23:50 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:24:39 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1av1}}, {{PDB2|1gw3}}, {{PDB2|1gw4}}, {{PDB2|2a01}}
| Name = Apolipoprotein A-I
| HGNCid = 600
| Symbol = APOA1
| AltSymbols =; MGC117399
| OMIM = 107680
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 47900
| MGIid = 88049
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_APOA1_204450_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_APOA1_217073_x_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005319 |text = lipid transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008035 |text = high-density lipoprotein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008289 |text = lipid binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006629 |text = lipid metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006869 |text = lipid transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008015 |text = circulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008202 |text = steroid metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008203 |text = cholesterol metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030300 |text = regulation of cholesterol absorption}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030301 |text = cholesterol transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042157 |text = lipoprotein metabolic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 335
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000118137
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000030
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000039
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 116211677
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 116213876
| Hs_Uniprot = P02647
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11806
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032083
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009692
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033822
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 45979952
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 45981463
| Mm_Uniprot = O08855
}}
}}
'''Apolipoprotein A-I''', also known as '''APOA1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes apolipoprotein A-I, which is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. The protein promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion, and it is a cofactor for lecithin cholesterolacyltransferase (LCAT) which is responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. This gene is closely linked with two other apolipoprotein genes on chromosome 11. Defects in this gene are associated with HDL deficiencies, including Tangier disease, and with systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: APOA1 apolipoprotein A-I| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=335| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Yokoyama S |title=Apolipoprotein-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1392 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-15 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9593801 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chiesa G, Sirtori CR |title=Apolipoprotein A-I(Milano): current perspectives. |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=14 |issue= 2 |pages= 159-63 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12642784 |doi= 10.1097/01.mol.0000064048.08840.b4 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rye KA, Barter PJ |title=Formation and metabolism of prebeta-migrating, lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I. |journal=Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 421-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 14592845 |doi= 10.1161/01.ATV.0000104029.74961.f5 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mooradian AD, Haas MJ, Wong NC |title=Transcriptional control of apolipoprotein A-I gene expression in diabetes. |journal=Diabetes |volume=53 |issue= 3 |pages= 513-20 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14988232 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Davidson WS, Thompson TB |title=The structure of apolipoprotein A-I in high density lipoproteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=282 |issue= 31 |pages= 22249-53 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17526499 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.R700014200 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on BIRC5... {October 29, 2007 1:19:40 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 1:23:15 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BIRC5>BIRC5</a> {October 29, 2007 1:23:33 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: BIRC5 {October 29, 2007 1:23:50 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on CD4... {October 29, 2007 1:30:00 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:31:13 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1cdh}}, {{PDB2|1cdi}}, {{PDB2|1cdj}}, {{PDB2|1cdu}}, {{PDB2|1cdy}}, {{PDB2|1g9m}}, {{PDB2|1g9n}}, {{PDB2|1gc1}}, {{PDB2|1jl4}}, {{PDB2|1q68}}, {{PDB2|1rzj}}, {{PDB2|1rzk}}, {{PDB2|1wio}}, {{PDB2|1wip}}, {{PDB2|1wiq}}, {{PDB2|2b4c}}, {{PDB2|2nxy}}, {{PDB2|2nxz}}, {{PDB2|2ny0}}, {{PDB2|2ny1}}, {{PDB2|2ny2}}, {{PDB2|2ny3}}, {{PDB2|2ny4}}, {{PDB2|2ny5}}, {{PDB2|2ny6}}, {{PDB2|3cd4}}
| Name = CD4 molecule
| HGNCid = 1678
| Symbol = CD4
| AltSymbols =; CD4mut
| OMIM = 186940
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 513
| MGIid = 88335
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CD4_203547_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001948 |text = glycoprotein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005201 |text = extracellular matrix structural constituent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015026 |text = coreceptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019901 |text = protein kinase binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042289 |text = MHC class II protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042803 |text = protein homodimerization activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009897 |text = external side of plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042101 |text = T cell receptor complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000747 |text = conjugation with cellular fusion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007169 |text = transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045058 |text = T cell selection}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045086 |text = positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045860 |text = positive regulation of protein kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050731 |text = positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050850 |text = positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050870 |text = positive regulation of T cell activation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 920
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000010610
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000607
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000616
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 6769005
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 6800233
| Hs_Uniprot = P01730
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12504
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000023274
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_013488
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_038516
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 124830325
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 124853807
| Mm_Uniprot = O55054
}}
}}
'''CD4 molecule''', also known as '''CD4''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Miceli MC, Parnes JR |title=Role of CD4 and CD8 in T cell activation and differentiation. |journal=Adv. Immunol. |volume=53 |issue= |pages= 59-122 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8512039 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Geyer M, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM |title=Structure--function relationships in HIV-1 Nef. |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=2 |issue= 7 |pages= 580-5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11463741 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kve141 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Greenway AL, Holloway G, McPhee DA, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 Nef control of cell signalling molecules: multiple strategies to promote virus replication. |journal=J. Biosci. |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 323-35 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12734410 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bénichou S, Benmerah A |title=[The HIV nef and the Kaposi-sarcoma-associated virus K3/K5 proteins: "parasites"of the endocytosis pathway] |journal=Med Sci (Paris) |volume=19 |issue= 1 |pages= 100-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12836198 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Leavitt SA, SchOn A, Klein JC, ''et al.'' |title=Interactions of HIV-1 proteins gp120 and Nef with cellular partners define a novel allosteric paradigm. |journal=Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. |volume=5 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14965316 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tolstrup M, Ostergaard L, Laursen AL, ''et al.'' |title=HIV/SIV escape from immune surveillance: focus on Nef. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=2 |issue= 2 |pages= 141-51 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15078178 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hout DR, Mulcahy ER, Pacyniak E, ''et al.'' |title=Vpu: a multifunctional protein that enhances the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 255-70 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15279589 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D |title=Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 87-94 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15638726 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Anderson JL, Hope TJ |title=HIV accessory proteins and surviving the host cell. |journal=Current HIV/AIDS reports |volume=1 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-53 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16091223 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, ''et al.'' |title=Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. |journal=Cell Res. |volume=15 |issue= 11-12 |pages= 923-34 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16354571 |doi= 10.1038/sj.cr.7290370 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stove V, Verhasselt B |title=Modelling thymic HIV-1 Nef effects. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=4 |issue= 1 |pages= 57-64 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16454711 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CD44... {October 29, 2007 1:31:13 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:35:05 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1poz}}, {{PDB2|1uuh}}, {{PDB2|2i83}}
| Name = CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
| HGNCid = 1681
| Symbol = CD44
| AltSymbols =; CDW44; CSPG8; ECMR-III; HCELL; IN; LHR; MC56; MDU2; MDU3; MGC10468; MIC4; MUTCH-I; Pgp1
| OMIM = 107269
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 508
| MGIid = 88338
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CD44_204490_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CD44_212063_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_CD44_204489_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003674 |text = molecular_function}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005518 |text = collagen binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005540 |text = hyaluronic acid binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009897 |text = external side of plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001658 |text = ureteric bud branching}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007160 |text = cell-matrix adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016337 |text = cell-cell adhesion}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 960
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000026508
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000601
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000610
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 35116993
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 35210522
| Hs_Uniprot = P16070
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12505
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000005087
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001039150
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001034239
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 102611980
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 102702504
| Mm_Uniprot = P15379
}}
}}
'''CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)''', also known as '''CD44''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA) and can also interact with other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This protein participates in a wide variety of cellular functions including lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, hematopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. Transcripts for this gene undergo complex alternative splicing that results in many functionally distinct isoforms, however, the full length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing is the basis for the structural and functional diversity of this protein, and may be related to tumor metastasis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD44 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=960| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Günthert U |title=CD44: a multitude of isoforms with diverse functions. |journal=Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. |volume=184 |issue= |pages= 47-63 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7508842 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yasuda M, Nakano K, Yasumoto K, Tanaka Y |title=CD44: functional relevance to inflammation and malignancy. |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=17 |issue= 3 |pages= 945-50 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12168806 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sun CX, Robb VA, Gutmann DH |title=Protein 4.1 tumor suppressors: getting a FERM grip on growth regulation. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=115 |issue= Pt 21 |pages= 3991-4000 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12356905 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Assimakopoulos D, Kolettas E, Patrikakos G, Evangelou A |title=The role of CD44 in the development and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=17 |issue= 4 |pages= 1269-81 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12371152 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ponta H, Sherman L, Herrlich PA |title=CD44: from adhesion molecules to signalling regulators. |journal=Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. |volume=4 |issue= 1 |pages= 33-45 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12511867 |doi= 10.1038/nrm1004 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Martin TA, Harrison G, Mansel RE, Jiang WG |title=The role of the CD44/ezrin complex in cancer metastasis. |journal=Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. |volume=46 |issue= 2 |pages= 165-86 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12711360 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CDK2... {October 29, 2007 1:35:05 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:36:06 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1aq1}}, {{PDB2|1b38}}, {{PDB2|1b39}}, {{PDB2|1buh}}, {{PDB2|1ckp}}, {{PDB2|1di8}}, {{PDB2|1dm2}}, {{PDB2|1e1v}}, {{PDB2|1e1x}}, {{PDB2|1e9h}}, {{PDB2|1f5q}}, {{PDB2|1fin}}, {{PDB2|1fq1}}, {{PDB2|1fvt}}, {{PDB2|1fvv}}, {{PDB2|1g5s}}, {{PDB2|1gih}}, {{PDB2|1gii}}, {{PDB2|1gij}}, {{PDB2|1gy3}}, {{PDB2|1gz8}}, {{PDB2|1h00}}, {{PDB2|1h01}}, {{PDB2|1h07}}, {{PDB2|1h08}}, {{PDB2|1h0v}}, {{PDB2|1h0w}}, {{PDB2|1h1p}}, {{PDB2|1h1q}}, {{PDB2|1h1r}}, {{PDB2|1h1s}}, {{PDB2|1h24}}, {{PDB2|1h25}}, {{PDB2|1h26}}, {{PDB2|1h27}}, {{PDB2|1h28}}, {{PDB2|1hck}}, {{PDB2|1hcl}}, {{PDB2|1jst}}, {{PDB2|1jsu}}, {{PDB2|1jsv}}, {{PDB2|1jvp}}, {{PDB2|1ke5}}, {{PDB2|1ke6}}, {{PDB2|1ke7}}, {{PDB2|1ke8}}, {{PDB2|1ke9}}, {{PDB2|1ogu}}, {{PDB2|1oi9}}, {{PDB2|1oiq}}, {{PDB2|1oir}}, {{PDB2|1oit}}, {{PDB2|1oiu}}, {{PDB2|1oiy}}, {{PDB2|1okv}}, {{PDB2|1okw}}, {{PDB2|1ol1}}, {{PDB2|1ol2}}, {{PDB2|1p2a}}, {{PDB2|1p5e}}, {{PDB2|1pf8}}, {{PDB2|1pkd}}, {{PDB2|1pw2}}, {{PDB2|1pxi}}, {{PDB2|1pxj}}, {{PDB2|1pxk}}, {{PDB2|1pxl}}, {{PDB2|1pxm}}, {{PDB2|1pxn}}, {{PDB2|1pxo}}, {{PDB2|1pxp}}, {{PDB2|1pye}}, {{PDB2|1qmz}}, {{PDB2|1r78}}, {{PDB2|1urc}}, {{PDB2|1urw}}, {{PDB2|1v1k}}, {{PDB2|1vyw}}, {{PDB2|1vyz}}, {{PDB2|1w0x}}, {{PDB2|1w8c}}, {{PDB2|1w98}}, {{PDB2|1wcc}}, {{PDB2|1y8y}}, {{PDB2|1y91}}, {{PDB2|1ykr}}, {{PDB2|2a0c}}, {{PDB2|2a4l}}, {{PDB2|2b52}}, {{PDB2|2b53}}, {{PDB2|2b54}}, {{PDB2|2b55}}, {{PDB2|2bhe}}, {{PDB2|2bhh}}, {{PDB2|2bkz}}, {{PDB2|2bpm}}, {{PDB2|2btr}}, {{PDB2|2bts}}, {{PDB2|2c4g}}, {{PDB2|2c5n}}, {{PDB2|2c5o}}, {{PDB2|2c5p}}, {{PDB2|2c5v}}, {{PDB2|2c5x}}, {{PDB2|2c5y}}, {{PDB2|2c68}}, {{PDB2|2c69}}, {{PDB2|2c6i}}, {{PDB2|2c6k}}, {{PDB2|2c6l}}, {{PDB2|2c6m}}, {{PDB2|2c6o}}, {{PDB2|2c6t}}, {{PDB2|2cch}}, {{PDB2|2cci}}, {{PDB2|2cjm}}, {{PDB2|2clx}}, {{PDB2|2duv}}, {{PDB2|2exm}}, {{PDB2|2fvd}}, {{PDB2|2g9x}}, {{PDB2|2i40}}, {{PDB2|2iw6}}, {{PDB2|2iw8}}, {{PDB2|2iw9}}, {{PDB2|2jgz}}, {{PDB2|2uue}}
| Name = Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
| HGNCid = 1771
| Symbol = CDK2
| AltSymbols =; p33(CDK2)
| OMIM = 116953
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 74409
| MGIid = 104772
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CDK2_204252_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CDK2_211804_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004674 |text = protein serine/threonine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004693 |text = cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000307 |text = cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005667 |text = transcription factor complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000086 |text = G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006275 |text = regulation of DNA replication}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007067 |text = mitosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007089 |text = traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045941 |text = positive regulation of transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051301 |text = cell division}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1017
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000123374
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001789
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001798
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 54646826
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 54652832
| Hs_Uniprot = P24941
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12566
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000025358
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_016756
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_058036
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 128100893
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 128107961
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3U307
}}
}}
'''Cyclin-dependent kinase 2''', also known as '''CDK2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This protein kinase is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2. It is a catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase complex, whose activity is restricted to the G1-S phase, and essential for cell cycle G1/S phase transition. This protein associates with and regulated by the regulatory subunits of the complex including cyclin A or E, CDK inhibitor p21Cip1 (CDKN1A) and p27Kip1 (CDKN1B). Its activity is also regulated by its protein phosphorylation. Two alternatively spliced variants and multiple transcription initiation sites of this gene have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CDK2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1017| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kaldis P, Aleem E |title=Cell cycle sibling rivalry: Cdc2 vs. Cdk2. |journal=Cell Cycle |volume=4 |issue= 11 |pages= 1491-4 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16258277 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Moore NL, Narayanan R, Weigel NL |title=Cyclin dependent kinase 2 and the regulation of human progesterone receptor activity. |journal=Steroids |volume=72 |issue= 2 |pages= 202-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17207508 |doi= 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.11.025 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CHRM5... {October 29, 2007 1:36:06 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:36:55 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 5
| HGNCid = 1954
| Symbol = CHRM5
| AltSymbols =; HM5; MGC41838
| OMIM = 118496
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 22697
| MGIid = 109248
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CHRM5_221347_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004435 |text = phosphoinositide phospholipase C activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004981 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045211 |text = postsynaptic membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007197 |text = muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007213 |text = acetylcholine receptor signaling, muscarinic pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008283 |text = cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1133
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000184984
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_036257
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_012125
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 15
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 32142129
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 32144579
| Hs_Uniprot = P08912
| Mm_EntrezGene = 213788
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000074939
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_205783
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_991352
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 112280010
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 112281608
| Mm_Uniprot = Q0VBI9
}}
}}
'''Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 5''', also known as '''CHRM5''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical implications of this receptor are unknown; however, stimulation of this receptor is known to increase cyclic AMP levels.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRM5 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 5| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1133| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Brann MR, Ellis J, Jørgensen H, ''et al.'' |title=Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: localization and structure/function. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=98 |issue= |pages= 121-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8248499 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on COL1A1... {October 29, 2007 1:36:55 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:40:13 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1y0f}}, {{PDB2|1ygv}}
| Name = Collagen, type I, alpha 1
| HGNCid = 2197
| Symbol = COL1A1
| AltSymbols =; OI4
| OMIM = 120150
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 73874
| MGIid = 88467
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_COL1A1_202310_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_COL1A1_202311_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_COL1A1_202312_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005201 |text = extracellular matrix structural constituent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008147 |text = structural constituent of bone}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005581 |text = collagen}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005584 |text = collagen type I}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001501 |text = skeletal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006817 |text = phosphate transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007605 |text = sensory perception of sound}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008544 |text = epidermis development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1277
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000108821
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000079
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000088
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 45616456
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 45633992
| Hs_Uniprot = P02452
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12842
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000001506
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007742
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031768
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 94752360
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 94767959
| Mm_Uniprot = Q60785
}}
}}
'''Collagen, type I, alpha 1''', also known as '''COL1A1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes the major component of type I collagen, the fibrillar collagen found in most connective tissues, and the only component of the collagen found in cartilage. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and idiopathic osteoporosis. Reciprocal translocations between chromosomes 17 and 22, where this gene and the gene for platelet-derived growth factor beta are located, are associated with a particular type of skin tumor called dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, resulting from unregulated expression of the growth factor. Two transcripts, resulting from the use of alternate polyadenylation signals, have been identified for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: COL1A1 collagen, type I, alpha 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1277| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Byers PH, Wallis GA, Willing MC |title=Osteogenesis imperfecta: translation of mutation to phenotype. |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=28 |issue= 7 |pages= 433-42 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1895312 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kuivaniemi H, Tromp G, Prockop DJ |title=Mutations in collagen genes: causes of rare and some common diseases in humans. |journal=FASEB J. |volume=5 |issue= 7 |pages= 2052-60 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2010058 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kuivaniemi H, Tromp G, Prockop DJ |title=Mutations in fibrillar collagens (types I, II, III, and XI), fibril-associated collagen (type IX), and network-forming collagen (type X) cause a spectrum of diseases of bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=9 |issue= 4 |pages= 300-15 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9101290 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)9:4<300::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-9 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rossert J, Terraz C, Dupont S |title=Regulation of type I collagen genes expression. |journal=Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. |volume=15 Suppl 6 |issue= |pages= 66-8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11143996 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CRP... {October 29, 2007 1:40:13 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:41:38 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1b09}}, {{PDB2|1gnh}}, {{PDB2|1lj7}}
| Name = C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related
| HGNCid = 2367
| Symbol = CRP
| AltSymbols =; MGC149895; MGC88244; PTX1
| OMIM = 123260
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 476
| MGIid = 88512
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CRP_37020_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CRP_205753_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005488 |text = binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006953 |text = acute-phase response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1401
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000132693
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000558
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000567
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 157948703
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 157951003
| Hs_Uniprot = P02741
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12944
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000037942
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007768
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031794
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 174534731
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 174535702
| Mm_Uniprot = Q542I3
}}
}}
'''C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related''', also known as '''CRP''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Mold C, Gewurz H, Du Clos TW |title=Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein. |journal=Immunopharmacology |volume=42 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 23-30 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10408362 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Du Clos TW, Mold C |title=The role of C-reactive protein in the resolution of bacterial infection. |journal=Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. |volume=14 |issue= 3 |pages= 289-93 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11964845 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rifai N, Ridker PM |title=Inflammatory markers and coronary heart disease. |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=13 |issue= 4 |pages= 383-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12151853 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rifai N |title=C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease: diagnostic and therapeutic implications for primary prevention. |journal=Cardiovasc. Toxicol. |volume=1 |issue= 2 |pages= 153-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12213988 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Szalai AJ |title=The biological functions of C-reactive protein. |journal=Vascul. Pharmacol. |volume=39 |issue= 3 |pages= 105-7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12616974 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rattazzi M, Puato M, Faggin E, ''et al.'' |title=C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in vascular disease: culprits or passive bystanders? |journal=J. Hypertens. |volume=21 |issue= 10 |pages= 1787-803 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14508181 |doi= 10.1097/01.hjh.0000084735.53355.44 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mazer SP, Rabbani LE |title=Evidence for C-reactive protein's role in (CRP) vascular disease: atherothrombosis, immuno-regulation and CRP. |journal=J. Thromb. Thrombolysis |volume=17 |issue= 2 |pages= 95-105 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15306744 |doi= 10.1023/B:THRO.0000037664.77460.d8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Black S, Kushner I, Samols D |title=C-reactive Protein. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 47 |pages= 48487-90 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15337754 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.R400025200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Willcox BJ, Abbott RD, Yano K, ''et al.'' |title=C-reactive protein, cardiovascular disease and stroke: new roles for an old biomarker. |journal=Expert review of neurotherapeutics |volume=4 |issue= 3 |pages= 507-18 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15853546 |doi= 10.1586/14737175.4.3.507 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on CXCL12... {October 29, 2007 2:22:43 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:26:45 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a15}}, {{PDB2|1qg7}}, {{PDB2|1sdf}}, {{PDB2|1vmc}}, {{PDB2|2j7z}}, {{PDB2|2nwg}}, {{PDB2|2sdf}}
| Name = Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1)
| HGNCid = 10672
| Symbol = CXCL12
| AltSymbols =; PBSF; SCYB12; SDF-1a; SDF-1b; SDF1; SDF1A; SDF1B; TLSF-a; TLSF-b; TPAR1
| OMIM = 600835
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 507
| MGIid = 103556
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CXCL12_209687_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CXCL12_203666_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008009 |text = chemokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008083 |text = growth factor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006874 |text = cellular calcium ion homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008015 |text = circulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008064 |text = regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009615 |text = response to virus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6387
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000107562
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000600
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000609
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 10
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 44185619
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 44200548
| Hs_Uniprot = P48061
| Mm_EntrezGene = 20315
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000061353
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001012477
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001012495
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 117134182
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 117146986
| Mm_Uniprot = Q4FJL5
}}
}}
'''Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1)''', also known as '''CXCL12''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = For background information on chemokines, see CXCL11 (SCYB11; MIM 604852). Stromal cell-derived factors 1-alpha and 1-beta are small cytokines that belong to the intercrine family, members of which activate leukocytes and are often induced by proinflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide, TNF (see MIM 191160), or IL1 (see MIM 147760). The intercrines are characterized by the presence of 4 conserved cysteines which form 2 disulfide bonds. They can be classified into 2 subfamilies. In the CC subfamily, which includes beta chemokine, the cysteine residues are adjacent to each other. In the CXC subfamily, which includes alpha chemokine, they are separated by an intervening amino acid. The SDF1 proteins belong to the latter group.[supplied by OMIM]<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CXCL12 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6387| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kucia M, Reca R, Miekus K, ''et al.'' |title=Trafficking of normal stem cells and metastasis of cancer stem cells involve similar mechanisms: pivotal role of the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis. |journal=Stem Cells |volume=23 |issue= 7 |pages= 879-94 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15888687 |doi= 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0342 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kryczek I, Wei S, Keller E, ''et al.'' |title=Stroma-derived factor (SDF-1/CXCL12) and human tumor pathogenesis. |journal=Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. |volume=292 |issue= 3 |pages= C987-95 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16943240 |doi= 10.1152/ajpcell.00406.2006 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stellos K, Gawaz M |title=Platelets and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in progenitor cell recruitment. |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=33 |issue= 2 |pages= 159-64 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17340464 |doi= 10.1055/s-2007-969029 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Arya M, Ahmed H, Silhi N, ''et al.'' |title=Clinical importance and therapeutic implications of the pivotal CXCL12-CXCR4 (chemokine ligand-receptor) interaction in cancer cell migration. |journal=Tumour Biol. |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 123-31 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17510563 |doi= 10.1159/000102979 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on EGR1... {October 29, 2007 1:41:38 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:42:58 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1a1f}}, {{PDB2|1a1g}}, {{PDB2|1a1h}}, {{PDB2|1a1i}}, {{PDB2|1a1j}}, {{PDB2|1a1k}}, {{PDB2|1a1l}}, {{PDB2|1aay}}, {{PDB2|1f2i}}, {{PDB2|1jk1}}, {{PDB2|1jk2}}, {{PDB2|1p47}}, {{PDB2|1zaa}}
| Name = Early growth response 1
| HGNCid = 3238
| Symbol = EGR1
| AltSymbols =; AT225; G0S30; KROX-24; NGFI-A; TIS8; ZIF-268; ZNF225
| OMIM = 128990
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 56394
| MGIid = 95295
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_EGR1_201694_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_EGR1_201693_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030217 |text = T cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045941 |text = positive regulation of transcription}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1958
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000120738
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001955
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001964
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 137829338
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 137831669
| Hs_Uniprot = P18146
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13653
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000038418
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007913
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031939
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 18
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 34987181
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 34990930
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UM09
}}
}}
'''Early growth response 1''', also known as '''EGR1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the EGR family of C2H2-type zinc-finger proteins. It is a nuclear protein and functions as a transcriptional regulator. The products of target genes it activates are required for differentitation and mitogenesis. Studies suggest this is a cancer suppresor gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: EGR1 early growth response 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1958| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Heath RG |title=Brain function and behavior. I. Emotion and sensory phenomena in psychotic patients and in experimental animals. |journal=J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. |volume=160 |issue= 3 |pages= 159-75 |year= 1975 |pmid= 1090709 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Silverman ES, Collins T |title=Pathways of Egr-1-mediated gene transcription in vascular biology. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=154 |issue= 3 |pages= 665-70 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10079243 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Adamson ED, Mercola D |title=Egr1 transcription factor: multiple roles in prostate tumor cell growth and survival. |journal=Tumour Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 2 |pages= 93-102 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12065847 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Blaschke F, Bruemmer D, Law RE |title=Egr-1 is a major vascular pathogenic transcription factor in atherosclerosis and restenosis. |journal=Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders |volume=5 |issue= 3 |pages= 249-54 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15211096 |doi= 10.1023/B:REMD.0000032413.88756.ee }}
*{{cite journal | author=Abdulkadir SA |title=Mechanisms of prostate tumorigenesis: roles for transcription factors Nkx3.1 and Egr1. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1059 |issue= |pages= 33-40 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16382041 |doi= 10.1196/annals.1339.018 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on FASLG... {October 29, 2007 1:24:39 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:25:51 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)
| HGNCid = 11936
| Symbol = FASLG
| AltSymbols =; APT1LG1; CD178; CD95L; FASL; TNFSF6
| OMIM = 134638
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 533
| MGIid = 99255
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_FASLG_211333_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_FASLG_210865_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005164 |text = tumor necrosis factor receptor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008624 |text = induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043123 |text = positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046666 |text = retinal cell programmed cell death}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 356
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000117560
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000630
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000639
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 170894777
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 170902637
| Hs_Uniprot = P48023
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14103
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000000817
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010177
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034307
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 163617366
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 163625172
| Mm_Uniprot = Q544E9
}}
}}
'''Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)''', also known as '''FASLG''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is the ligand for FAS. Both are transmembrane proteins. Interaction of FAS with this ligand is critical in triggering apoptosis of some types of cells such as lymphocytes. Defects in this gene may be related to some cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FASLG Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=356| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Choi C, Benveniste EN |title=Fas ligand/Fas system in the brain: regulator of immune and apoptotic responses. |journal=Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. |volume=44 |issue= 1 |pages= 65-81 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14739003 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tolstrup M, Ostergaard L, Laursen AL, ''et al.'' |title=HIV/SIV escape from immune surveillance: focus on Nef. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=2 |issue= 2 |pages= 141-51 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15078178 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on FN1... {October 29, 2007 1:42:58 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:48:16 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1e88}}, {{PDB2|1e8b}}, {{PDB2|1fbr}}, {{PDB2|1fna}}, {{PDB2|1fnf}}, {{PDB2|1fnh}}, {{PDB2|1j8k}}, {{PDB2|1o9a}}, {{PDB2|1oww}}, {{PDB2|1q38}}, {{PDB2|1qgb}}, {{PDB2|1qo6}}, {{PDB2|1ttf}}, {{PDB2|1ttg}}, {{PDB2|2cg6}}, {{PDB2|2cg7}}, {{PDB2|2cku}}, {{PDB2|2fn2}}, {{PDB2|2fnb}}, {{PDB2|2gee}}, {{PDB2|2h41}}, {{PDB2|2h45}}, {{PDB2|2ha1}}
| Name = Fibronectin 1
| HGNCid = 3778
| Symbol = FN1
| AltSymbols =; CIG; DKFZp686F10164; DKFZp686H0342; DKFZp686I1370; DKFZp686O13149; FINC; FN; LETS; MSF
| OMIM = 135600
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 1533
| MGIid = 95566
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_FN1_210495_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_FN1_211719_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_FN1_212464_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005201 |text = extracellular matrix structural constituent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005518 |text = collagen binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008201 |text = heparin binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016491 |text = oxidoreductase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005578 |text = proteinaceous extracellular matrix}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005793 |text = ER-Golgi intermediate compartment}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006953 |text = acute-phase response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007169 |text = transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008152 |text = metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009611 |text = response to wounding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016477 |text = cell migration}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 2335
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000115414
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002017
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002026
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 215933409
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 216009041
| Hs_Uniprot = P02751
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14268
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000026193
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010233
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034363
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 71518731
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 71586380
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UZF9
}}
}}
'''Fibronectin 1''', also known as '''FN1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes fibronectin, a glycoprotein present in a soluble dimeric form in plasma, and in a dimeric or multimeric form at the cell surface and in extracellular matrix. Fibronectin is involved in cell adhesion and migration processes including embryogenesis, wound healing, blood coagulation, host defense, and metastasis. The gene has three regions subject to alternative splicing, with the potential to produce 20 different transcript variants. However, the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FN1 fibronectin 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2335| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=ffrench-Constant C |title=Alternative splicing of fibronectin--many different proteins but few different functions. |journal=Exp. Cell Res. |volume=221 |issue= 2 |pages= 261-71 |year= 1996 |pmid= 7493623 |doi= 10.1006/excr.1995.1374 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Snásel J, Pichová I |title=The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease. |journal=Folia Biol. (Praha) |volume=42 |issue= 5 |pages= 227-30 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8997639 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schor SL, Schor AM |title=Phenotypic and genetic alterations in mammary stroma: implications for tumour progression. |journal=Breast Cancer Res. |volume=3 |issue= 6 |pages= 373-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11737888 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Przybysz M, Katnik-Prastowska I |title=[Multifunction of fibronectin] |journal=Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej |volume=55 |issue= 5 |pages= 699-713 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11795204 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rameshwar P, Oh HS, Yook C, ''et al.'' |title=Substance p-fibronectin-cytokine interactions in myeloproliferative disorders with bone marrow fibrosis. |journal=Acta Haematol. |volume=109 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-10 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12486316 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cho J, Mosher DF |title=Role of fibronectin assembly in platelet thrombus formation. |journal=J. Thromb. Haemost. |volume=4 |issue= 7 |pages= 1461-9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16839338 |doi= 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01943.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schmidt DR, Kao WJ |title=The interrelated role of fibronectin and interleukin-1 in biomaterial-modulated macrophage function. |journal=Biomaterials |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 371-82 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16978691 |doi= 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.08.041 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dallas SL, Chen Q, Sivakumar P |title=Dynamics of assembly and reorganization of extracellular matrix proteins. |journal=Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. |volume=75 |issue= |pages= 1-24 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16984808 |doi= 10.1016/S0070-2153(06)75001-3 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on GALM... {October 29, 2007 3:19:36 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 3:20:38 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GALM>GALM</a> {October 29, 2007 3:20:45 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: GALM {October 29, 2007 3:20:59 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on GPR88... {October 29, 2007 3:15:36 PM PDT}
- SEARCH REDIRECT: Control Box Found: GPR88 {October 29, 2007 3:15:52 PM PDT}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {October 29, 2007 3:15:55 PM PDT}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {October 29, 2007 3:15:55 PM PDT}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {October 29, 2007 3:15:55 PM PDT}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: GPR88 {October 29, 2007 3:16:00 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on GSK3B... {October 29, 2007 1:48:16 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 1:51:14 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GSK3B>GSK3B</a> {October 29, 2007 1:51:23 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: GSK3B {October 29, 2007 1:51:39 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on HGF... {October 29, 2007 1:51:39 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:53:42 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1bht}}, {{PDB2|1gmn}}, {{PDB2|1gmo}}, {{PDB2|1gp9}}, {{PDB2|1nk1}}, {{PDB2|1shy}}, {{PDB2|1si5}}, {{PDB2|2hgf}}
| Name = Hepatocyte growth factor (hepapoietin A; scatter factor)
| HGNCid = 4893
| Symbol = HGF
| AltSymbols =; F-TCF; HGFB; HPTA; SF
| OMIM = 142409
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 503
| MGIid = 96079
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HGF_209960_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_HGF_209961_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_HGF_210998_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004252 |text = serine-type endopeptidase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008083 |text = growth factor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000902 |text = cell morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006916 |text = anti-apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007067 |text = mitosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007596 |text = blood coagulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048012 |text = hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051450 |text = myoblast proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3082
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000019991
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000592
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000601
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 81166258
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 81237388
| Hs_Uniprot = P14210
| Mm_EntrezGene = 15234
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000028864
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010427
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034557
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 16065374
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 16131263
| Mm_Uniprot = O55027
}}
}}
'''Hepatocyte growth factor (hepapoietin A; scatter factor)''', also known as '''HGF''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Hepatocyte growth factor regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade after binding to the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor. Hepatocyte growth factor is secreted by mesenchymal cells and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin. Its ability to stimulate mitogenesis, cell motility, and matrix invasion gives it a central role in angiogenesis, tumorogenesis, and tissue regeneration. It is secreted as a single inactive polypeptide and is cleaved by serine proteases into a 69-kDa alpha-chain and 34-kDa beta-chain. A disulfide bond between the alpha and beta chains produces the active, heterodimeric molecule. The protein belongs to the plasminogen subfamily of S1 peptidases but has no detectable protease activity. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HGF hepatocyte growth factor (hepapoietin A; scatter factor)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3082| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Nakamura T |title=Structure and function of hepatocyte growth factor. |journal=Prog. Growth Factor Res. |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 67-85 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1838014 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ware LB, Matthay MA |title=Keratinocyte and hepatocyte growth factors in the lung: roles in lung development, inflammation, and repair. |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. |volume=282 |issue= 5 |pages= L924-40 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11943656 |doi= 10.1152/ajplung.00439.2001 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Funakoshi H, Nakamura T |title=Hepatocyte growth factor: from diagnosis to clinical applications. |journal=Clin. Chim. Acta |volume=327 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 1-23 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12482615 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Skibinski G |title=The role of hepatocyte growth factor/c-met interactions in the immune system. |journal=Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.) |volume=51 |issue= 5 |pages= 277-82 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14626426 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kalluri R, Neilson EG |title=Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=112 |issue= 12 |pages= 1776-84 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14679171 |doi= 10.1172/JCI200320530 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hurle RA, Davies G, Parr C, ''et al.'' |title=Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and prostate cancer: a review. |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=20 |issue= 4 |pages= 1339-49 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16136515 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kemp LE, Mulloy B, Gherardi E |title=Signalling by HGF/SF and Met: the role of heparan sulphate co-receptors. |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=34 |issue= Pt 3 |pages= 414-7 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16709175 |doi= 10.1042/BST0340414 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on HRAS... {October 29, 2007 1:53:42 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:55:00 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|121p}}, {{PDB2|1aa9}}, {{PDB2|1agp}}, {{PDB2|1bkd}}, {{PDB2|1clu}}, {{PDB2|1crp}}, {{PDB2|1crq}}, {{PDB2|1crr}}, {{PDB2|1ctq}}, {{PDB2|1gnp}}, {{PDB2|1gnq}}, {{PDB2|1gnr}}, {{PDB2|1he8}}, {{PDB2|1iaq}}, {{PDB2|1ioz}}, {{PDB2|1jah}}, {{PDB2|1jai}}, {{PDB2|1k8r}}, {{PDB2|1lf0}}, {{PDB2|1lf5}}, {{PDB2|1lfd}}, {{PDB2|1nvu}}, {{PDB2|1nvv}}, {{PDB2|1nvw}}, {{PDB2|1nvx}}, {{PDB2|1p2s}}, {{PDB2|1p2t}}, {{PDB2|1p2u}}, {{PDB2|1p2v}}, {{PDB2|1plj}}, {{PDB2|1plk}}, {{PDB2|1pll}}, {{PDB2|1q21}}, {{PDB2|1qra}}, {{PDB2|1rvd}}, {{PDB2|1wq1}}, {{PDB2|1xcm}}, {{PDB2|1xd2}}, {{PDB2|1xj0}}, {{PDB2|1zvq}}, {{PDB2|1zw6}}, {{PDB2|221p}}, {{PDB2|2c5l}}, {{PDB2|2ce2}}, {{PDB2|2cl0}}, {{PDB2|2cl6}}, {{PDB2|2cl7}}, {{PDB2|2clc}}, {{PDB2|2cld}}, {{PDB2|2evw}}, {{PDB2|2pmx}}, {{PDB2|2q21}}, {{PDB2|421p}}, {{PDB2|4q21}}, {{PDB2|521p}}, {{PDB2|5p21}}, {{PDB2|621p}}, {{PDB2|6q21}}, {{PDB2|721p}}, {{PDB2|821p}}
| Name = V-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
| HGNCid = 5173
| Symbol = HRAS
| AltSymbols =; HRAS1; K-ras; N-ras; RASH1; c-bas/has
| OMIM = 190020
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 55890
| MGIid = 96224
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HRAS_212983_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005525 |text = GTP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008022 |text = protein C-terminus binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007166 |text = cell surface receptor linked signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007264 |text = small GTPase mediated signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009887 |text = organ morphogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3265
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000174775
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005334
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005343
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 522243
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 525572
| Hs_Uniprot = P01112
| Mm_EntrezGene = 15461
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000025499
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008284
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032310
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 141040427
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 141045314
| Mm_Uniprot = O70564
}}
}}
'''V-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog''', also known as '''HRAS''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=McCormick F |title=Ras-related proteins in signal transduction and growth control. |journal=Mol. Reprod. Dev. |volume=42 |issue= 4 |pages= 500-6 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8607982 |doi= 10.1002/mrd.1080420419 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ayllón V, Rebollo A |title=Ras-induced cellular events (review). |journal=Mol. Membr. Biol. |volume=17 |issue= 2 |pages= 65-73 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10989457 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tennant RW, Stasiewicz S, Eastin WC, ''et al.'' |title=The Tg.AC (v-Ha-ras) transgenic mouse: nature of the model. |journal=Toxicologic pathology |volume=29 Suppl |issue= |pages= 51-9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11695562 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mascaux C, Iannino N, Martin B, ''et al.'' |title=The role of RAS oncogene in survival of patients with lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=92 |issue= 1 |pages= 131-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15597105 |doi= 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602258 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Harms KL, Chen X |title=p19ras brings a new twist to the regulation of p73 by Mdm2. |journal=Sci. STKE |volume=2006 |issue= 337 |pages= pe24 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16738062 |doi= 10.1126/stke.3372006pe24 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on IL4... {October 29, 2007 1:55:00 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 1:56:26 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1bbn}}, {{PDB2|1bcn}}, {{PDB2|1cyl}}, {{PDB2|1hij}}, {{PDB2|1hik}}, {{PDB2|1hzi}}, {{PDB2|1iar}}, {{PDB2|1iti}}, {{PDB2|1itl}}, {{PDB2|1itm}}, {{PDB2|1rcb}}, {{PDB2|2b8u}}, {{PDB2|2b8x}}, {{PDB2|2b8y}}, {{PDB2|2b8z}}, {{PDB2|2b90}}, {{PDB2|2b91}}, {{PDB2|2cyk}}, {{PDB2|2d48}}, {{PDB2|2int}}
| Name = Interleukin 4
| HGNCid = 6014
| Symbol = IL4
| AltSymbols =; BSF1; IL-4; MGC79402
| OMIM = 147780
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 491
| MGIid = 96556
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IL4_207539_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_IL4_207538_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005136 |text = interleukin-4 receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006968 |text = cellular defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008203 |text = cholesterol metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030183 |text = B cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030890 |text = positive regulation of B cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042092 |text = T-helper 2 type immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042104 |text = positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042325 |text = regulation of phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042523 |text = positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043066 |text = negative regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045189 |text = connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045191 |text = regulation of isotype switching}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045348 |text = positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045671 |text = negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048295 |text = positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048304 |text = positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050776 |text = regulation of immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3565
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000113520
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000580
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000589
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 132037272
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 132046267
| Hs_Uniprot = P05112
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16189
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000000869
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_021283
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_067258
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 53455891
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 53462067
| Mm_Uniprot = Q5SV00
}}
}}
'''Interleukin 4''', also known as '''IL4''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells. This cytokine is a ligand for interleukin 4 receptor. The interleukin 4 receptor also binds to IL13, which may contribute to many overlapping functions of this cytokine and IL13. STAT6, a signal transducer and activator of transcription, has been shown to play a central role in mediating the immune regulatory signal of this cytokine. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL13, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL13. This gene, IL13 and IL5 are found to be regulated coordinately by several long-range regulatory elements in an over 120 kilobase range on the chromosome. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL4 interleukin 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3565| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kay AB, Barata L, Meng Q, ''et al.'' |title=Eosinophils and eosinophil-associated cytokines in allergic inflammation. |journal=Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. |volume=113 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 196-9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9130521 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marone G, Florio G, Petraroli A, de Paulis A |title=Dysregulation of the IgE/Fc epsilon RI network in HIV-1 infection. |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=107 |issue= 1 |pages= 22-30 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11149986 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marone G, Florio G, Triggiani M, ''et al.'' |title=Mechanisms of IgE elevation in HIV-1 infection. |journal=Crit. Rev. Immunol. |volume=20 |issue= 6 |pages= 477-96 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11396683 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Maeda S, Yanagihara Y |title=[Inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13)] |journal=Nippon Rinsho |volume=59 |issue= 10 |pages= 1894-9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11676128 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Izuhara K, Arima K, Yasunaga S |title=IL-4 and IL-13: their pathological roles in allergic diseases and their potential in developing new therapies. |journal=Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 263-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14561191 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Copeland KF |title=Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines. |journal=Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry |volume=5 |issue= 12 |pages= 1093-101 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16375755 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Olver S, Apte S, Baz A, Kienzle N |title=The duplicitous effects of interleukin 4 on tumour immunity: how can the same cytokine improve or impair control of tumour growth? |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=69 |issue= 4 |pages= 293-8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17389011 |doi= 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00831.x }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on ITPKB... {October 29, 2007 1:56:26 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 2:00:05 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ITPKB>ITPKB</a> {October 29, 2007 2:00:14 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: ITPKB {October 29, 2007 2:00:28 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on KIT... {October 29, 2007 2:00:28 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:01:14 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1pkg}}, {{PDB2|1t45}}, {{PDB2|1t46}}
| Name = V-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
| HGNCid = 6342
| Symbol = KIT
| AltSymbols =; C-Kit; CD117; SCFR
| OMIM = 164920
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 187
| MGIid = 96677
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004716 |text = receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005020 |text = stem cell factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005021 |text = vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009897 |text = external side of plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006470 |text = protein amino acid dephosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007169 |text = transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007243 |text = protein kinase cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009314 |text = response to radiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0018108 |text = peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019221 |text = cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030097 |text = hemopoiesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048066 |text = pigmentation during development}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3815
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000213
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000222
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16590
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000005672
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_021099
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_066922
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 75856705
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 75938416
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3ULJ6
}}
}}
'''V-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog''', also known as '''KIT''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes the human homolog of the proto-oncogene c-kit. C-kit was first identified as the cellular homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit. This protein is a type 3 transmembrane receptor for MGF (mast cell growth factor, also known as stem cell factor). Mutations in this gene are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mast cell disease, acute myelogenous lukemia, and piebaldism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: KIT v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3815| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Linnekin D |title=Early signaling pathways activated by c-Kit in hematopoietic cells. |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=31 |issue= 10 |pages= 1053-74 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10582339 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Canonico B, Felici C, Papa S |title=CD117. |journal=J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents |volume=15 |issue= 1 |pages= 90-4 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11388751 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gupta R, Bain BJ, Knight CL |title=Cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities in systemic mastocytosis. |journal=Acta Haematol. |volume=107 |issue= 2 |pages= 123-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11919394 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Valent P, Ghannadan M, Hauswirth AW, ''et al.'' |title=Signal transduction-associated and cell activation-linked antigens expressed in human mast cells. |journal=Int. J. Hematol. |volume=75 |issue= 4 |pages= 357-62 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12041664 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sandberg AA, Bridge JA |title=Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors. gastrointestinal stromal tumors. |journal=Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. |volume=135 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-22 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12072198 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kitamura Y, Hirotab S |title=Kit as a human oncogenic tyrosine kinase. |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=61 |issue= 23 |pages= 2924-31 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15583854 |doi= 10.1007/s00018-004-4273-y }}
*{{cite journal | author=Larizza L, Magnani I, Beghini A |title=The Kasumi-1 cell line: a t(8;21)-kit mutant model for acute myeloid leukemia. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=46 |issue= 2 |pages= 247-55 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15621809 |doi= 10.1080/10428190400007565 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Miettinen M, Lasota J |title=KIT (CD117): a review on expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, and mutations and their clinicopathologic correlation. |journal=Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. |volume=13 |issue= 3 |pages= 205-20 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16082245 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lasota J, Miettinen M |title=KIT and PDGFRA mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). |journal=Semin Diagn Pathol |volume=23 |issue= 2 |pages= 91-102 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17193822 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Patnaik MM, Tefferi A, Pardanani A |title=Kit: molecule of interest for the diagnosis and treatment of mastocytosis and other neoplastic disorders. |journal=Current cancer drug targets |volume=7 |issue= 5 |pages= 492-503 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17691909 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on LYN... {October 29, 2007 2:01:14 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 2:02:55 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LYN>LYN</a> {October 29, 2007 2:03:03 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: LYN {October 29, 2007 2:03:17 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on MAP4K1... {October 29, 2007 3:10:42 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 3:12:36 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: MAP4K1 {October 29, 2007 3:13:02 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on MAPK8... {October 29, 2007 2:09:05 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:12:32 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1jnk}}, {{PDB2|1pmn}}, {{PDB2|1pmq}}, {{PDB2|1pmu}}, {{PDB2|1pmv}}, {{PDB2|1ukh}}, {{PDB2|1uki}}, {{PDB2|2b1p}}, {{PDB2|2exc}}, {{PDB2|2g01}}, {{PDB2|2gmx}}, {{PDB2|2h96}}, {{PDB2|2no3}}, {{PDB2|2o0u}}, {{PDB2|2o2u}}, {{PDB2|2ok1}}
| Name = Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8
| HGNCid = 6881
| Symbol = MAPK8
| AltSymbols =; JNK; JNK1; JNK1A2; JNK21B1/2; PRKM8; SAPK1
| OMIM = 601158
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 56760
| MGIid = 1346861
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MAPK8_210671_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_MAPK8_210477_x_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004674 |text = protein serine/threonine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004705 |text = JUN kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004707 |text = MAP kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}}
| Component =
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001503 |text = ossification}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006928 |text = cell motility}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006950 |text = response to stress}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007254 |text = JNK cascade}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5599
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000107643
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002741
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002750
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 10
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 49184739
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 49317409
| Hs_Uniprot = P45983
| Mm_EntrezGene = 26419
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000021936
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_016700
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_057909
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 14
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 32209888
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 32276220
| Mm_Uniprot = Q544A0
}}
}}
'''Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8''', also known as '''MAPK8''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is activated by various cell stimuli, and targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to cell stimuli. The activation of this kinase by tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is found to be required for TNF-alpha induced apoptosis. This kinase is also involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, which is thought to be related to cytochrom c-mediated cell death pathway. Studies of the mouse counterpart of this gene suggested that this kinase play a key role in T cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAPK8 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5599| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Davis RJ |title=Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. |journal=Cell |volume=103 |issue= 2 |pages= 239-52 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11057897 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Liu J, Lin A |title=Wiring the cell signaling circuitry by the NF-kappa B and JNK1 crosstalk and its applications in human diseases. |journal=Oncogene |volume=26 |issue= 22 |pages= 3267-78 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17496921 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1210417 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on MFN2... {October 29, 2007 3:06:24 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 3:09:26 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Mitofusin 2
| HGNCid = 16877
| Symbol = MFN2
| AltSymbols =; CMT2A; CMT2A2; CPRP1; HSG; KIAA0214; MARF
| OMIM = 608507
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 8915
| MGIid = 2442230
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MFN2_201155_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_MFN2_216205_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003924 |text = GTPase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005525 |text = GTP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005739 |text = mitochondrion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005741 |text = mitochondrial outer membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019867 |text = outer membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031306 |text = intrinsic to mitochondrial outer membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006626 |text = protein targeting to mitochondrion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007006 |text = mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007050 |text = cell cycle arrest}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008053 |text = mitochondrial fusion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046580 |text = negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048662 |text = negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051646 |text = mitochondrion localization}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 9927
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000116688
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_055689
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_014874
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 11962956
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 11996154
| Hs_Uniprot = O95140
| Mm_EntrezGene = 170731
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000029020
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_001002345
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_001002345
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 146717399
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 146748504
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TEX7
}}
}}
'''Mitofusin 2''', also known as '''MFN2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion and contributes to the maintenance and operation of the mitochondrial network. This protein may play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MFN2 mitofusin 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9927| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Zorzano A, Bach D, Pich S, Palacín M |title=[Role of novel mitochondrial proteins in energy balance] |journal=Revista de medicina de la Universidad de Navarra |volume=48 |issue= 2 |pages= 30-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15382611 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pawlikowska P, Orzechowski A |title=[Role of transmembrane GTPases in mitochondrial morphology and activity] |journal=Postepy Biochem. |volume=53 |issue= 1 |pages= 53-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17718388 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on MLH1... {October 29, 2007 2:03:17 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:04:07 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = MutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2 (E. coli)
| HGNCid = 7127
| Symbol = MLH1
| AltSymbols =; COCA2; FCC2; HNPCC; HNPCC2; MGC5172; hMLH1
| OMIM = 120436
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 208
| MGIid = 101938
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MLH1_202520_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003697 |text = single-stranded DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032137 |text = guanine/thymine mispair binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032407 |text = MutSalpha complex binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000793 |text = condensed chromosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000795 |text = synaptonemal complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006298 |text = mismatch repair}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007049 |text = cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007060 |text = male meiosis chromosome segregation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007131 |text = meiotic recombination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008630 |text = DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045786 |text = negative regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045950 |text = negative regulation of mitotic recombination}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 4292
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000076242
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000240
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000249
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 37009983
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 37067341
| Hs_Uniprot = P40692
| Mm_EntrezGene = 17350
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032498
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_026810
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_081086
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 111073071
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 111116378
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TG77
}}
}}
'''MutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2 (E. coli)''', also known as '''MLH1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). It is a human homolog of the E. coli DNA mismatch repair gene mutL, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described, but their full-length natures have not been determined.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MLH1 mutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2 (E. coli)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4292| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Paraf F, Sasseville D, Watters AK, ''et al.'' |title=Clinicopathological relevance of the association between gastrointestinal and sebaceous neoplasms: the Muir-Torre syndrome. |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=26 |issue= 4 |pages= 422-7 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7705822 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kolodner RD |title=Mismatch repair: mechanisms and relationship to cancer susceptibility. |journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. |volume=20 |issue= 10 |pages= 397-401 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8533151 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Peltomäki P, de la Chapelle A |title=Mutations predisposing to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. |journal=Adv. Cancer Res. |volume=71 |issue= |pages= 93-119 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9111864 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Papadopoulos N, Lindblom A |title=Molecular basis of HNPCC: mutations of MMR genes. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=10 |issue= 2 |pages= 89-99 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9259192 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)10:2<89::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-H }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kauh J, Umbreit J |title=Colorectal cancer prevention. |journal=Current problems in cancer |volume=28 |issue= 5 |pages= 240-64 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15375803 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Warusavitarne J, Schnitzler M |title=The role of chemotherapy in microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) colorectal cancer. |journal=International journal of colorectal disease |volume=22 |issue= 7 |pages= 739-48 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17109103 |doi= 10.1007/s00384-006-0228-0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Niv Y |title=Microsatellite instability and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer. |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=13 |issue= 12 |pages= 1767-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17465465 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on NXF1... {October 29, 2007 3:10:17 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 3:10:42 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1fo1}}, {{PDB2|1ft8}}, {{PDB2|1go5}}, {{PDB2|1jkg}}, {{PDB2|1jn5}}, {{PDB2|1koh}}, {{PDB2|1koo}}, {{PDB2|1oai}}
| Name = Nuclear RNA export factor 1
| HGNCid = 8071
| Symbol = NXF1
| AltSymbols =; TAP; DKFZp667O0311; MEX67
| OMIM = 602647
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 38176
| MGIid = 1858330
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_NXF1_208922_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_NXF1_220934_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003729 |text = mRNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005487 |text = nucleocytoplasmic transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005643 |text = nuclear pore}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042405 |text = nuclear inclusion body}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006405 |text = RNA export from nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016973 |text = poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051028 |text = mRNA transport}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 10482
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000162231
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001074960
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001081491
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 62316220
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 62329529
| Hs_Uniprot = Q9UBU9
| Mm_EntrezGene = 53319
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000010097
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_016813
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_058093
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 8824148
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 8837955
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TJA5
}}
}}
'''Nuclear RNA export factor 1''', also known as '''NXF1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is one member of a family of nuclear RNA export factor genes. Common domain features of this family are a noncanonical RNP-type RNA-binding domain (RBD), 4 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like domain that allows heterodimerization with NTF2-related export protein-1 (NXT1), and a ubiquitin-associated domain that mediates interactions with nucleoporins. The LRRs and NTF2-like domains are required for export activity. Alternative splicing seems to be a common mechanism in this gene family. The encoded protein of this gene shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and binds in vivo to poly(A)+ RNA. It is the vertebrate homologue of the yeast protein Mex67p. The encoded protein overcomes the mRNA export block caused by the presence of saturating amounts of CTE (constitutive transport element) RNA of type D retroviruses. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: NXF1 nuclear RNA export factor 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10482| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on PIK3R1... {October 29, 2007 2:04:07 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 2:05:46 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PIK3R1>PIK3R1</a> {October 29, 2007 2:05:56 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: PIK3R1 {October 29, 2007 2:06:28 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on PITPNA... {October 29, 2007 2:06:28 PM PDT}
- SEARCH REDIRECT: Control Box Found: PITPNA {October 29, 2007 2:07:35 PM PDT}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {October 29, 2007 2:07:36 PM PDT}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {October 29, 2007 2:07:36 PM PDT}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {October 29, 2007 2:07:36 PM PDT}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: PITPNA {October 29, 2007 2:07:41 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on PLAU... {October 29, 2007 2:07:41 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:09:05 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1c5w}}, {{PDB2|1c5x}}, {{PDB2|1c5y}}, {{PDB2|1c5z}}, {{PDB2|1ejn}}, {{PDB2|1f5k}}, {{PDB2|1f5l}}, {{PDB2|1f92}}, {{PDB2|1fv9}}, {{PDB2|1gi7}}, {{PDB2|1gi8}}, {{PDB2|1gi9}}, {{PDB2|1gj7}}, {{PDB2|1gj8}}, {{PDB2|1gj9}}, {{PDB2|1gja}}, {{PDB2|1gjb}}, {{PDB2|1gjc}}, {{PDB2|1gjd}}, {{PDB2|1kdu}}, {{PDB2|1lmw}}, {{PDB2|1o3p}}, {{PDB2|1o5a}}, {{PDB2|1o5b}}, {{PDB2|1o5c}}, {{PDB2|1owd}}, {{PDB2|1owe}}, {{PDB2|1owh}}, {{PDB2|1owi}}, {{PDB2|1owj}}, {{PDB2|1owk}}, {{PDB2|1sc8}}, {{PDB2|1sqa}}, {{PDB2|1sqo}}, {{PDB2|1sqt}}, {{PDB2|1u6q}}, {{PDB2|1urk}}, {{PDB2|1vj9}}, {{PDB2|1vja}}, {{PDB2|2fd6}}, {{PDB2|2i9a}}, {{PDB2|2i9b}}
| Name = Plasminogen activator, urokinase
| HGNCid = 9052
| Symbol = PLAU
| AltSymbols =; ATF; UPA; URK; u-PA
| OMIM = 191840
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 55670
| MGIid = 97611
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PLAU_205479_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_PLAU_211668_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004252 |text = serine-type endopeptidase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008233 |text = peptidase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008243 |text = plasminogen activator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016301 |text = kinase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006935 |text = chemotaxis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007596 |text = blood coagulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042730 |text = fibrinolysis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5328
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000122861
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002649
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002658
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 10
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 75340896
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 75347260
| Hs_Uniprot = P00749
| Mm_EntrezGene = 18792
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000021822
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008873
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032899
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 14
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 19625259
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 19631940
| Mm_Uniprot = Q0VBA8
}}
}}
'''Plasminogen activator, urokinase''', also known as '''PLAU''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and possibly tumor cell migration and proliferation. A specific polymorphism in this gene may be associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease and also with decreased affinity for fibrin-binding. The protein encoded by this gene converts plasminogen to plasmin by specific cleavage of an Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. This gene's proprotein is cleaved at a Lys-Ile bond by plasmin to form a two-chain derivative in which a single disulfide bond connects the amino-terminal A-chain to the catalytically active, carboxy-terminal B-chain. This two-chain derivative is also called HMW-uPA (high molecular weight uPA). HMW-uPA can be further processed into LMW-uPA (low molecular weight uPA) by cleavage of chain A into a short chain A (A1) and an amino-terminal fragment. LMW-uPA is proteolytically active but does not bind to the uPA receptor.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PLAU plasminogen activator, urokinase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5328| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Ploug M, Gårdsvoll H, Jørgensen TJ, ''et al.'' |title=Structural analysis of the interaction between urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor: a potential target for anti-invasive cancer therapy. |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=30 |issue= 2 |pages= 177-83 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12023847 |doi= 10.1042/ }}
*{{cite journal | author=Alfano M, Sidenius N, Blasi F, Poli G |title=The role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor in HIV-1 infection. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=74 |issue= 5 |pages= 750-6 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12960238 |doi= 10.1189/jlb.0403176 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Harbeck N, Kates RE, Gauger K, ''et al.'' |title=Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-I: novel tumor-derived factors with a high prognostic and predictive impact in breast cancer. |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=91 |issue= 3 |pages= 450-6 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14983219 |doi= 10.1160/THR03-12-0798 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gilabert-Estelles J, Ramon LA, España F, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of the fibrinolytic components in endometriosis. |journal=Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb. |volume=35 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 136-40 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16855359 |doi= 10.1159/000093556 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on PRNP... {October 29, 2007 2:12:32 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:15:05 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ag2}}, {{PDB2|1dwy}}, {{PDB2|1dwz}}, {{PDB2|1dx0}}, {{PDB2|1dx1}}, {{PDB2|1e1g}}, {{PDB2|1e1j}}, {{PDB2|1e1p}}, {{PDB2|1e1s}}, {{PDB2|1e1u}}, {{PDB2|1e1w}}, {{PDB2|1fkc}}, {{PDB2|1fo7}}, {{PDB2|1h0l}}, {{PDB2|1hjm}}, {{PDB2|1hjn}}, {{PDB2|1i4m}}, {{PDB2|1oei}}, {{PDB2|1qlx}}, {{PDB2|1qlz}}, {{PDB2|1qm0}}, {{PDB2|1qm1}}, {{PDB2|1qm2}}, {{PDB2|1qm3}}, {{PDB2|1tpx}}, {{PDB2|1tqb}}, {{PDB2|1tqc}}, {{PDB2|1uw3}}, {{PDB2|1xyu}}, {{PDB2|1xyx}}, {{PDB2|1y15}}, {{PDB2|1y2s}}
| Name = Prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia)
| HGNCid = 9449
| Symbol = PRNP
| AltSymbols =; GSS; ASCR; CD230; CJD; MGC26679; PRIP; PrP; PrP27-30; PrP33-35C; PrPc
| OMIM = 176640
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 7904
| MGIid = 97769
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PRNP_201300_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_PRNP_215707_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005507 |text = copper ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008017 |text = microtubule binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048503 |text = GPI anchor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005794 |text = Golgi apparatus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019898 |text = extrinsic to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045121 |text = lipid raft}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006878 |text = cellular copper ion homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006979 |text = response to oxidative stress}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008152 |text = metabolic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5621
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000171867
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000302
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000311
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 4614996
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 4630236
| Hs_Uniprot = P04156
| Mm_EntrezGene = 19122
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011170
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035300
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia)''', also known as '''PRNP''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that tends to aggregate into rod-like structures. The encoded protein contains a highly unstable region of five tandem octapeptide repeats. This gene is found on chromosome 20, approximately 20 kbp upstream of a gene which encodes a biochemically and structurally similar protein to the one encoded by this gene. Mutations in the repeat region as well as elsewhere in this gene have been associated with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, Gerstmann-Straussler disease, Huntington disease-like 1, and kuru. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRNP prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5621| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Itoh Y, Yamada M, Hayakawa M, ''et al.'' |title=A variant of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease carrying codon 105 mutation with codon 129 polymorphism of the prion protein gene: a clinicopathological study. |journal=J. Neurol. Sci. |volume=127 |issue= 1 |pages= 77-86 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7699395 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Prusiner SB |title=Genetic and infectious prion diseases. |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=50 |issue= 11 |pages= 1129-53 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8105771 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Palmer MS, Collinge J |title=Mutations and polymorphisms in the prion protein gene. |journal=Hum. Mutat. |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 168-73 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8364585 |doi= 10.1002/humu.1380020303 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Collinge J |title=Prion diseases of humans and animals: their causes and molecular basis. |journal=Annu. Rev. Neurosci. |volume=24 |issue= |pages= 519-50 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11283320 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.519 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lehmann S |title=[The prion protein] |journal=J. Soc. Biol. |volume=196 |issue= 4 |pages= 309-12 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12645301 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rachidi W, Riondel J, McMahon HM, Favier A |title=[Prion protein and copper: a mysterious relationship] |journal=Pathol. Biol. |volume=53 |issue= 4 |pages= 244-50 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15850959 |doi= 10.1016/j.patbio.2003.10.003 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Anstee DJ |title=Prion protein and the red cell. |journal=Curr. Opin. Hematol. |volume=14 |issue= 3 |pages= 210-4 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17414209 |doi= 10.1097/MOH.0b013e3280d2b757 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on PTK2... {October 29, 2007 2:15:47 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:21:34 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1k04}}, {{PDB2|1k05}}, {{PDB2|1k40}}, {{PDB2|1ktm}}, {{PDB2|1mp8}}, {{PDB2|1ow6}}, {{PDB2|1ow7}}, {{PDB2|1ow8}}, {{PDB2|1pv3}}, {{PDB2|1qvx}}, {{PDB2|2aeh}}, {{PDB2|2al6}}, {{PDB2|2etm}}
| Name = PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2
| HGNCid = 9611
| Symbol = PTK2
| AltSymbols =; FADK; FAK; FAK1; pp125FAK
| OMIM = 600758
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 7314
| MGIid = 95481
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PTK2_207821_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_PTK2_208820_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004713 |text = protein-tyrosine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042169 |text = SH2 domain binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005856 |text = cytoskeleton}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005925 |text = focal adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016324 |text = apical plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030027 |text = lamellipodium}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000226 |text = microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001568 |text = blood vessel development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001764 |text = neuron migration}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007229 |text = integrin-mediated signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030198 |text = extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0040023 |text = establishment of nucleus localization}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046621 |text = negative regulation of organ size}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5747
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000169398
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005598
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005607
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 8
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 141737683
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 142080514
| Hs_Uniprot = Q05397
| Mm_EntrezGene = 14083
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022607
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007982
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032008
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 15
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 73032589
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 73250447
| Mm_Uniprot = Q9DAW3
}}
}}
'''PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2''', also known as '''PTK2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is found concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Activation of this gene may be an important early step in cell growth and intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered in response to certain neural peptides or to cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. At least four transcript variants encoding four different isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length natures of only two of them have been determined.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PTK2 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5747| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Iwata S, Ohashi Y, Kamiguchi K, Morimoto C |title=Beta 1-integrin-mediated cell signaling in T lymphocytes. |journal=J. Dermatol. Sci. |volume=23 |issue= 2 |pages= 75-86 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10808124 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schaller MD |title=Biochemical signals and biological responses elicited by the focal adhesion kinase. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1540 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-21 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11476890 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Panetti TS |title=Tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin, FAK, and p130CAS: effects on cell spreading and migration. |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=7 |issue= |pages= d143-50 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11779709 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hauck CR, Hsia DA, Schlaepfer DD |title=The focal adhesion kinase--a regulator of cell migration and invasion. |journal=IUBMB Life |volume=53 |issue= 2 |pages= 115-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12049193 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hanks SK, Ryzhova L, Shin NY, Brábek J |title=Focal adhesion kinase signaling activities and their implications in the control of cell survival and motility. |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=8 |issue= |pages= d982-96 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12700132 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gabarra-Niecko V, Schaller MD, Dunty JM |title=FAK regulates biological processes important for the pathogenesis of cancer. |journal=Cancer Metastasis Rev. |volume=22 |issue= 4 |pages= 359-74 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12884911 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on PTPN11... {October 29, 2007 2:21:34 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:22:43 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1aya}}, {{PDB2|1ayb}}, {{PDB2|1ayc}}, {{PDB2|1ayd}}, {{PDB2|2shp}}
| Name = Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (Noonan syndrome 1)
| HGNCid = 9644
| Symbol = PTPN11
| AltSymbols =; BPTP3; CFC; MGC14433; NS1; PTP-1D; PTP2C; SH-PTP2; SH-PTP3; SHP2
| OMIM = 176876
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 2122
| MGIid = 99511
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PTPN11_gnf1h09380_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004726 |text = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}}
| Component =
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000077 |text = DNA damage checkpoint}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006470 |text = protein amino acid dephosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007409 |text = axonogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007605 |text = sensory perception of sound}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046825 |text = regulation of protein export from nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048011 |text = nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5781
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002825
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002834
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene = 19247
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000043733
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011202
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035332
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 121391158
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 121451946
| Mm_Uniprot = Q05C78
}}
}}
'''Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (Noonan syndrome 1)''', also known as '''PTPN11''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains two tandem Src homology-2 domains, which function as phospho-tyrosine binding domains and mediate the interaction of this PTP with its substrates. This PTP is widely expressed in most tissues and plays a regulatory role in various cell signaling events that are important for a diversity of cell functions, such as mitogenic activation, metabolic control, transcription regulation, and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are a cause of Noonan syndrome as well as acute myeloid leukemia.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PTPN11 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (Noonan syndrome 1)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5781| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Marron MB, Hughes DP, McCarthy MJ, ''et al.'' |title=Tie-1 receptor tyrosine kinase endodomain interaction with SHP2: potential signalling mechanisms and roles in angiogenesis. |journal=Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. |volume=476 |issue= |pages= 35-46 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10949653 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Carter-Su C, Rui L, Stofega MR |title=SH2-B and SIRP: JAK2 binding proteins that modulate the actions of growth hormone. |journal=Recent Prog. Horm. Res. |volume=55 |issue= |pages= 293-311 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11036942 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ion A, Tartaglia M, Song X, ''et al.'' |title=Absence of PTPN11 mutations in 28 cases of cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=111 |issue= 4-5 |pages= 421-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12384786 |doi= 10.1007/s00439-002-0803-6 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hugues L, Cavé H, Philippe N, ''et al.'' |title=Mutations of PTPN11 are rare in adult myeloid malignancies. |journal=Haematologica |volume=90 |issue= 6 |pages= 853-4 |year= 2006 |pmid= 15951301 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tartaglia M, Gelb BD |title=Germ-line and somatic PTPN11 mutations in human disease. |journal=European journal of medical genetics |volume=48 |issue= 2 |pages= 81-96 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16053901 |doi= 10.1016/j.ejmg.2005.03.001 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ogata T, Yoshida R |title=PTPN11 mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in Noonan and LEOPARD syndromes. |journal=Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER |volume=2 |issue= 4 |pages= 669-74 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16208280 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Feng GS |title=Shp2-mediated molecular signaling in control of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. |journal=Cell Res. |volume=17 |issue= 1 |pages= 37-41 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17211446 |doi= 10.1038/sj.cr.7310140 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Edouard T, Montagner A, Dance M, ''et al.'' |title=How do Shp2 mutations that oppositely influence its biochemical activity result in syndromes with overlapping symptoms? |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=64 |issue= 13 |pages= 1585-90 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17453145 |doi= 10.1007/s00018-007-6509-0 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on RELN... {October 29, 2007 2:15:05 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:15:47 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|2ddu}}, {{PDB2|2e26}}
| Name = Reelin
| HGNCid = 9957
| Symbol = RELN
| AltSymbols =; RL
| OMIM = 600514
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3699
| MGIid = 103022
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_RELN_205923_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004252 |text = serine-type endopeptidase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008233 |text = peptidase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005578 |text = proteinaceous extracellular matrix}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000904 |text = cellular morphogenesis during differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001764 |text = neuron migration}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007411 |text = axon guidance}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007420 |text = brain development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007626 |text = locomotory behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0010001 |text = glial cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0018108 |text = peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045860 |text = positive regulation of protein kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051057 |text = positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5649
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000189056
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005036
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005045
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 102899473
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 103417199
| Hs_Uniprot = P78509
| Mm_EntrezGene = 19699
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000042453
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011261
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035391
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 21397297
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 21856526
| Mm_Uniprot = Q148P9
}}
}}
'''Reelin''', also known as '''RELN''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a large secreted extracellular matrix protein thought to control cell-cell interactions critical for cell positioning and neuronal migration during brain development. This protein may be involved in schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, major depression and in migration defects associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Mutations of this gene are associated with autosomal recessive lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other transcript variants have been described but their full length nature has not been determined.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: RELN reelin| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5649| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Bar I, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Goffinet AM |title=The evolution of cortical development. An hypothesis based on the role of the Reelin signaling pathway. |journal=Trends Neurosci. |volume=23 |issue= 12 |pages= 633-8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11137154 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rice DS, Curran T |title=Role of the reelin signaling pathway in central nervous system development. |journal=Annu. Rev. Neurosci. |volume=24 |issue= |pages= 1005-39 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11520926 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1005 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fairén A, Morante-Oria J, Frassoni C |title=The surface of the developing cerebral cortex: still special cells one century later. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=136 |issue= |pages= 281-91 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12143388 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jossin Y |title=Neuronal migration and the role of reelin during early development of the cerebral cortex. |journal=Mol. Neurobiol. |volume=30 |issue= 3 |pages= 225-51 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15655250 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=D'Arcangelo G |title=Reelin mouse mutants as models of cortical development disorders. |journal=Epilepsy & behavior : E&B |volume=8 |issue= 1 |pages= 81-90 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16266828 |doi= 10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.09.005 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on RHOA... {October 29, 2007 1:25:51 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 1:29:32 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RHOA>RHOA</a> {October 29, 2007 1:29:45 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: RHOA {October 29, 2007 1:30:00 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on SLC6A4... {October 29, 2007 2:26:45 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:28:45 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4
| HGNCid = 11050
| Symbol = SLC6A4
| AltSymbols =; HTT; 5-HTT; 5HTT; OCD1; SERT; hSERT
| OMIM = 182138
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 817
| MGIid = 96285
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_SLC6A4_207519_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005335 |text = serotonin:sodium symporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008504 |text = monoamine transmembrane transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015222 |text = serotonin transmembrane transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015293 |text = symporter activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001504 |text = neurotransmitter uptake}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006837 |text = serotonin transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015844 |text = monoamine transport}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6532
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000108576
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001036
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001045
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 25549032
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 25586831
| Hs_Uniprot = P31645
| Mm_EntrezGene = 15567
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020838
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010484
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034614
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 76814792
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 76848536
| Mm_Uniprot = Q32MU4
}}
}}
'''Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4''', also known as '''SLC6A4''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that transports the neurotransmitter serotonin from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons. The encoded protein terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner. This protein is a target of psychomotor stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine, and is a member of the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family. A repeat length polymorphism in the promoter of this gene has been shown to affect the rate of serotonin uptake and may play a role in sudden infant death syndrome, aggressive behavior in Alzheimer disease patients, and depression-susceptibility in people experiencing emotional trauma.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SLC6A4 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6532| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Ueno S |title=Genetic polymorphisms of serotonin and dopamine transporters in mental disorders. |journal=J. Med. Invest. |volume=50 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 25-31 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12630565 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Anguelova M, Benkelfat C, Turecki G |title=A systematic review of association studies investigating genes coding for serotonin receptors and the serotonin transporter: II. Suicidal behavior. |journal=Mol. Psychiatry |volume=8 |issue= 7 |pages= 646-53 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12874600 |doi= 10.1038/sj.mp.4001336 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Holmes A, Hariri AR |title=The serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphism and negative emotionality: placing single gene effects in the context of genetic background and environment. |journal=Genes Brain Behav. |volume=2 |issue= 6 |pages= 332-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14653304 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Smits KM, Smits LJ, Schouten JS, ''et al.'' |title=Influence of SERTPR and STin2 in the serotonin transporter gene on the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression: a systematic review. |journal=Mol. Psychiatry |volume=9 |issue= 5 |pages= 433-41 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15037864 |doi= 10.1038/sj.mp.4001488 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cho HJ, Meira-Lima I, Cordeiro Q, ''et al.'' |title=Population-based and family-based studies on the serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |journal=Mol. Psychiatry |volume=10 |issue= 8 |pages= 771-81 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15824745 |doi= 10.1038/sj.mp.4001663 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Serretti A, Benedetti F, Zanardi R, Smeraldi E |title=The influence of Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism (SERTPR) and other polymorphisms of the serotonin pathway on the efficacy of antidepressant treatments. |journal=Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry |volume=29 |issue= 6 |pages= 1074-84 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15939518 |doi= 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.03.013 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Craig IW |title=The importance of stress and genetic variation in human aggression. |journal=Bioessays |volume=29 |issue= 3 |pages= 227-36 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17295220 |doi= 10.1002/bies.20538 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on STAT1... {October 29, 2007 2:28:45 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:32:18 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1bf5}}, {{PDB2|1yvl}}
| Name = Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa
| HGNCid = 11362
| Symbol = STAT1
| AltSymbols =; DKFZp686B04100; ISGF-3; STAT91
| OMIM = 600555
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 21428
| MGIid = 103063
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_STAT1_200887_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_STAT1_AFFX-HUMISGF3A/M97935_3_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_STAT1_AFFX-HUMISGF3A/M97935_5_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005062 |text = hematopoietin/interferon-class (D200-domain) cytokine receptor signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000074 |text = regulation of progression through cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006366 |text = transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006919 |text = caspase activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007249 |text = I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007260 |text = tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007262 |text = STAT protein nuclear translocation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009615 |text = response to virus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6772
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000115415
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_009330
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_007315
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 191542121
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 191587181
| Hs_Uniprot = P42224
| Mm_EntrezGene = 20846
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000026104
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009283
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033309
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 52067139
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 52100639
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TW11
}}
}}
'''Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa''', also known as '''STAT1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein can be activated by various ligands including interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes, which is thought to be important for cell viability in response to different cell stimuli and pathogens. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: STAT1 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6772| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Cebulla CM, Miller DM, Sedmak DD |title=Viral inhibition of interferon signal transduction. |journal=Intervirology |volume=42 |issue= 5-6 |pages= 325-30 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10702714 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kisseleva T, Bhattacharya S, Braunstein J, Schindler CW |title=Signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway, recent advances and future challenges. |journal=Gene |volume=285 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 1-24 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12039028 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D |title=Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 87-94 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15638726 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on STIM1... {October 29, 2007 2:32:18 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:33:54 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Stromal interaction molecule 1
| HGNCid = 11386
| Symbol = STIM1
| AltSymbols =; D11S4896E; GOK
| OMIM = 605921
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20681
| MGIid = 107476
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_STIM1_202764_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030176 |text = integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005513 |text = detection of calcium ion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006811 |text = ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0032237 |text = activation of store-operated calcium channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051924 |text = regulation of calcium ion transport}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6786
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000167323
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003147
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003156
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 3833509
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 4071013
| Hs_Uniprot = Q13586
| Mm_EntrezGene = 20866
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000030987
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_980199
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_985293
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 102141627
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 102310669
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TUX9
}}
}}
'''Stromal interaction molecule 1''', also known as '''STIM1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a type 1 transmembrane protein of unknown function. It is one of several genes located in the imprinted gene domain of 11p15.5, an important tumor-suppressor gene region. Alterations in this region have been associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, adrenocrotical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer. This gene may play a role in malignancies and disease that involve this region, as well as early hematopoiesis, by mediating attachment to stromal cells. This gene is oriented in a head-to-tail configuration with the ribonucleotide reductase 1 gene (RRM1), with the 3' end of this gene situated 1.6 kb from the 5' end of the RRM1 gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: STIM1 stromal interaction molecule 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6786| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on TLR1... {October 29, 2007 2:33:54 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:35:10 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1fyv}}
| Name = Toll-like receptor 1
| HGNCid = 11847
| Symbol = TLR1
| AltSymbols =; CD281; DKFZp547I0610; DKFZp564I0682; KIAA0012; MGC104956; MGC126311; MGC126312; TIL; rsc786
| OMIM = 601194
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20694
| MGIid = 1341295
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TLR1_210176_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042497 |text = triacylated lipoprotein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045335 |text = phagocytic vesicle}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007250 |text = activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042116 |text = macrophage activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042495 |text = detection of triacylated bacterial lipoprotein}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042535 |text = positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045087 |text = innate immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045410 |text = positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7096
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000174125
| Hs_RefseqProtein = XP_001129777
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = XM_001129777
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 38474275
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 38482807
| Hs_Uniprot = Q15399
| Mm_EntrezGene = 21897
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000044827
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_030682
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_109607
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 65203969
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 65211834
| Mm_Uniprot = Q6A0E8
}}
}}
'''Toll-like receptor 1''', also known as '''TLR1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is ubiquitously expressed, and at higher levels than other TLR genes. Different length transcripts presumably resulting from use of alternative polyadenylation site, and/or from alternative splicing, have been noted for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TLR1 toll-like receptor 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7096| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Lien E, Ingalls RR |title=Toll-like receptors. |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=30 |issue= 1 Suppl |pages= S1-11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11782555 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on TLR10... {October 29, 2007 3:16:00 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 3:18:43 PM PDT}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wikiCreated new protein page: <a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TLR10>TLR10</a> {October 29, 2007 3:18:50 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: TLR10 {October 29, 2007 3:19:06 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on TLR2... {October 29, 2007 2:35:10 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:37:25 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1fyw}}, {{PDB2|1fyx}}, {{PDB2|1o77}}
| Name = Toll-like receptor 2
| HGNCid = 11848
| Symbol = TLR2
| AltSymbols =; CD282; TIL4
| OMIM = 603028
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20695
| MGIid = 1346060
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TLR2_204924_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001875 |text = lipopolysaccharide receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042834 |text = peptidoglycan binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051076 |text = Gram-positive bacterial binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009986 |text = cell surface}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006917 |text = induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008063 |text = Toll signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042535 |text = positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042892 |text = chloramphenicol transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045087 |text = innate immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7097
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000137462
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003255
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003264
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 154842102
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 154846301
| Hs_Uniprot = O60603
| Mm_EntrezGene = 24088
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027995
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011905
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_036035
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 83922197
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 83927694
| Mm_Uniprot = Q811T5
}}
}}
'''Toll-like receptor 2''', also known as '''TLR2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TLR2 toll-like receptor 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7097| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Aderem A, Ulevitch RJ |title=Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. |journal=Nature |volume=406 |issue= 6797 |pages= 782-7 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10963608 |doi= 10.1038/35021228 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Muzio M, Polentarutti N, Bosisio D, ''et al.'' |title=Toll-like receptor family and signalling pathway. |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=28 |issue= 5 |pages= 563-6 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11044375 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hallman M, Rämet M, Ezekowitz RA |title=Toll-like receptors as sensors of pathogens. |journal=Pediatr. Res. |volume=50 |issue= 3 |pages= 315-21 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11518816 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dziarski R, Gupta D |title=Role of MD-2 in TLR2- and TLR4-mediated recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and activation of chemokine genes. |journal=J. Endotoxin Res. |volume=6 |issue= 5 |pages= 401-5 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11521063 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lien E, Ingalls RR |title=Toll-like receptors. |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=30 |issue= 1 Suppl |pages= S1-11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11782555 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Xu D, Komai-Koma M, Liew FY |title=Expression and function of Toll-like receptor on T cells. |journal=Cell. Immunol. |volume=233 |issue= 2 |pages= 85-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15950961 |doi= 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.04.019 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lorenz E |title=TLR2 and TLR4 expression during bacterial infections. |journal=Curr. Pharm. Des. |volume=12 |issue= 32 |pages= 4185-93 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17100621 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on TLR3... {October 29, 2007 2:37:25 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:38:03 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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| update_page = yes
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| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ziw}}, {{PDB2|2a0z}}
| Name = Toll-like receptor 3
| HGNCid = 11849
| Symbol = TLR3
| AltSymbols =; CD283
| OMIM = 603029
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20696
| MGIid = 2156367
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TLR3_206271_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003725 |text = double-stranded RNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006972 |text = hyperosmotic response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007250 |text = activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009597 |text = detection of virus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042742 |text = defense response to bacterium}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043123 |text = positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045078 |text = positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045087 |text = innate immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045356 |text = positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045359 |text = positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045671 |text = negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046330 |text = positive regulation of JNK cascade}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7098
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000164342
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003256
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003265
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 187227303
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 187243244
| Hs_Uniprot = O15455
| Mm_EntrezGene = 142980
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031639
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_126166
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_569054
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 8
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 46894482
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 46909356
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TM31
}}
}}
'''Toll-like receptor 3''', also known as '''TLR3''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. Use of alternative polyadenylation sites to generate different length transcripts has been noted for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TLR3 toll-like receptor 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7098| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Lien E, Ingalls RR |title=Toll-like receptors. |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=30 |issue= 1 Suppl |pages= S1-11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11782555 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on TLR5... {October 29, 2007 2:38:03 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 2:39:06 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Toll-like receptor 5
| HGNCid = 11851
| Symbol = TLR5
| AltSymbols =; FLJ10052; MGC126430; MGC126431; SLEB1; TIL3
| OMIM = 603031
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20698
| MGIid =
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TLR5_210166_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045087 |text = innate immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7100
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000187554
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003259
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003268
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 221350270
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 221383247
| Hs_Uniprot = O60602
| Mm_EntrezGene =
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA =
| Mm_RefseqProtein =
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Toll-like receptor 5''', also known as '''TLR5''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene product is expressed in myelomonocytic cells, and recognizes bacterial flagellin, a principal component of bacterial flagella and a virulence factor. The activation of this receptor mobilizes the nuclear factor NF-kappaB and stimulates tumour necrosis factor-alpha production.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TLR5 toll-like receptor 5| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7100| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Lien E, Ingalls RR |title=Toll-like receptors. |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=30 |issue= 1 Suppl |pages= S1-11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11782555 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on TLR6... {October 29, 2007 3:09:26 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 3:10:07 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: TLR6 {October 29, 2007 3:10:17 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on TLR7... {October 29, 2007 3:13:02 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 3:13:36 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Toll-like receptor 7
| HGNCid = 15631
| Symbol = TLR7
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 300365
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 75060
| MGIid = 2176882
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TLR7_220146_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003725 |text = double-stranded RNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003727 |text = single-stranded RNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004888 |text = transmembrane receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0035197 |text = siRNA binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045078 |text = positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045356 |text = positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045359 |text = positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045416 |text = positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0051607 |text = defense response to virus}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 51284
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000196664
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_057646
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_016562
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 12795123
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 12818420
| Hs_Uniprot = Q9NYK1
| Mm_EntrezGene = 170743
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000044583
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_989349
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_994443
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 162649036
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 162674633
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3T997
}}
}}
'''Toll-like receptor 7''', also known as '''TLR7''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung, placenta, and spleen, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR8, on chromosome X.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TLR7 toll-like receptor 7| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=51284| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Lien E, Ingalls RR |title=Toll-like receptors. |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=30 |issue= 1 Suppl |pages= S1-11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11782555 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kaisho T, Akira S |title=Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1589 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-13 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11909637 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on TLR8... {October 29, 2007 3:13:36 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 3:15:03 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: TLR8 {October 29, 2007 3:15:11 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on TLR9... {October 29, 2007 3:15:11 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 3:15:29 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: TLR9 {October 29, 2007 3:15:36 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on TMEM142A... {October 29, 2007 3:19:06 PM PDT}
- CREATE: Found no pages, creating new page. {October 29, 2007 3:19:28 PM PDT}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: TMEM142A {October 29, 2007 3:19:36 PM PDT}
- INFO: Beginning work on TNFSF10... {October 29, 2007 3:04:25 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 3:06:24 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1d0g}}, {{PDB2|1d2q}}, {{PDB2|1d4v}}, {{PDB2|1dg6}}, {{PDB2|1du3}}
| Name = Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10
| HGNCid = 11925
| Symbol = TNFSF10
| AltSymbols =; APO2L; Apo-2L; CD253; TL2; TRAIL
| OMIM = 603598
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 2824
| MGIid = 107414
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TNFSF10_202688_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_TNFSF10_202687_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_TNFSF10_214329_x_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005164 |text = tumor necrosis factor receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006917 |text = induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043123 |text = positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 8743
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000121858
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003801
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003810
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 173706159
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 173723963
| Hs_Uniprot = P50591
| Mm_EntrezGene = 22035
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000039304
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009425
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033451
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 27508150
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 27530738
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3TZR6
}}
}}
'''Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10''', also known as '''TNFSF10''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein preferentially induces apoptosis in transformed and tumor cells, but does not appear to kill normal cells although it is expressed at a significant level in most normal tissues. This protein binds to several members of TNF receptor superfamily including TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4, and possibly also to TNFRSF11B/OPG. The activity of this protein may be modulated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4, and TNFRSF11B/OPG that cannot induce apoptosis. The binding of this protein to its receptors has been shown to trigger the activation of MAPK8/JNK, caspase 8, and caspase 3.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TNFSF10 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8743| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Almasan A, Ashkenazi A |title=Apo2L/TRAIL: apoptosis signaling, biology, and potential for cancer therapy. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=14 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 337-48 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12787570 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cha SS, Song YL, Oh BH |title=Specificity of molecular recognition learned from the crystal structures of TRAIL and the TRAIL:sDR5 complex. |journal=Vitam. Horm. |volume=67 |issue= |pages= 1-17 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15110168 |doi= 10.1016/S0083-6729(04)67001-4 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Song C, Jin B |title=TRAIL (CD253), a new member of the TNF superfamily. |journal=J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents |volume=19 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 73-7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16178278 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bucur O, Ray S, Bucur MC, Almasan A |title=APO2 ligand/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in prostate cancer therapy. |journal=Front. Biosci. |volume=11 |issue= |pages= 1549-68 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16368536 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on VDR... {October 29, 2007 2:39:06 PM PDT}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {October 29, 2007 3:04:25 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB = {{PDB2|1kb2}}, {{PDB2|1kb4}}, {{PDB2|1kb6}}, {{PDB2|1ynw}}
| Name = Vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor
| HGNCid = 12679
| Symbol = VDR
| AltSymbols =; NR1I1
| OMIM = 601769
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 37297
| MGIid = 103076
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_VDR_204254_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_VDR_204253_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_VDR_204255_s_at_tn.png
<!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update. It is typically hidden data -->
| DateOfBotUpdate = ~~~~~
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003707 |text = steroid hormone receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008434 |text = vitamin D3 receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001501 |text = skeletal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006816 |text = calcium ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006874 |text = cellular calcium ion homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007275 |text = multicellular organismal development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009887 |text = organ morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016481 |text = negative regulation of transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050892 |text = intestinal absorption}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7421
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000111424
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000367
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000376
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 46521589
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 46585081
| Hs_Uniprot = P11473
| Mm_EntrezGene = 22337
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000022479
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009504
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033530
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 15
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 97682461
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 97736330
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3U0J7
}}
}}
'''Vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor''', also known as '''VDR''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes the nuclear hormone receptor for vitamin D3. This receptor also functions as a receptor for the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid. The receptor belongs to the family of trans-acting transcriptional regulatory factors and shows sequence similarity to the steroid and thyroid hormone receptors. Downstream targets of this nuclear hormone receptor are principally involved in mineral metabolism though the receptor regulates a variety of other metabolic pathways, such as those involved in the immune response and cancer. Mutations in this gene are associated with type II vitamin D-resistant rickets. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the initiation codon results in an alternate translation start site three codons downstream. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VDR vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7421| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Hosoi T |title=[Polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene] |journal=Nippon Rinsho |volume=60 Suppl 3 |issue= |pages= 106-10 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11979895 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Uitterlinden AG, Fang Y, Van Meurs JB, ''et al.'' |title=Genetics and biology of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. |journal=Gene |volume=338 |issue= 2 |pages= 143-56 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15315818 |doi= 10.1016/j.gene.2004.05.014 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Norman AW |title=Minireview: vitamin D receptor: new assignments for an already busy receptor. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=147 |issue= 12 |pages= 5542-8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 16946007 |doi= 10.1210/en.2006-0946 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bollag WB |title=Differentiation of human keratinocytes requires the vitamin d receptor and its coactivators. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=127 |issue= 4 |pages= 748-50 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17363957 |doi= 10.1038/sj.jid.5700692 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
end log.
