- INFO: Beginning work on CKS1B... {December 20, 2007 11:34:52 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: CKS1B {December 20, 2007 11:36:09 AM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {December 20, 2007 11:36:10 AM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:36:10 AM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:36:10 AM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: CKS1B {December 20, 2007 11:36:16 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CKS2... {December 20, 2007 11:36:16 AM PST}
- UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: File:PBB Protein CKS2 image.jpg {December 20, 2007 11:37:31 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: CKS2 {December 20, 2007 11:37:39 AM PST}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: CKS2 {December 20, 2007 11:37:47 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CTBP2... {December 20, 2007 11:37:47 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: CTBP2 {December 20, 2007 11:38:25 AM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {December 20, 2007 11:38:27 AM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:38:27 AM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:38:27 AM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: CTBP2 {December 20, 2007 11:38:33 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on CXADR... {December 20, 2007 11:38:33 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: CXADR {December 20, 2007 11:39:27 AM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {December 20, 2007 11:39:28 AM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:39:28 AM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:39:28 AM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: CXADR {December 20, 2007 11:39:33 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on DAXX... {December 20, 2007 11:39:33 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: Death associated protein 6 {December 20, 2007 11:39:59 AM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {December 20, 2007 11:40:01 AM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:40:01 AM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:40:01 AM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: Death associated protein 6 {December 20, 2007 11:40:07 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on DDX11... {December 20, 2007 11:40:51 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: DDX11 {December 20, 2007 11:41:27 AM PST}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: DDX11 {December 20, 2007 11:41:35 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on DHCR24... {December 20, 2007 11:41:35 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: DHCR24 {December 20, 2007 11:42:41 AM PST}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: DHCR24 {December 20, 2007 11:42:51 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on DHFR... {December 20, 2007 11:42:51 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Page directory gave bad page (Dihydrofolate reductase). Continuing with search.. Please correct entry: <1719,Dihydrofolate reductase>. {December 20, 2007 11:43:08 AM PST}
- AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {December 20, 2007 11:43:10 AM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}
<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_DHFR_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1boz.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1boz}}, {{PDB2|1dhf}}, {{PDB2|1dlr}}, {{PDB2|1dls}}, {{PDB2|1drf}}, {{PDB2|1hfp}}, {{PDB2|1hfq}}, {{PDB2|1hfr}}, {{PDB2|1kms}}, {{PDB2|1kmv}}, {{PDB2|1mvs}}, {{PDB2|1mvt}}, {{PDB2|1ohj}}, {{PDB2|1ohk}}, {{PDB2|1pd8}}, {{PDB2|1pd9}}, {{PDB2|1pdb}}, {{PDB2|1s3u}}, {{PDB2|1s3v}}, {{PDB2|1s3w}}, {{PDB2|1u71}}, {{PDB2|1u72}}, {{PDB2|1yho}}, {{PDB2|2c2s}}, {{PDB2|2c2t}}, {{PDB2|2dhf}}
| Name = Dihydrofolate reductase
| HGNCid = 2861
| Symbol = DHFR
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 126060
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 56470
| MGIid = 94890
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004146 |text = dihydrofolate reductase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016491 |text = oxidoreductase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050661 |text = NADP binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005575 |text = cellular_component}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006545 |text = glycine biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006730 |text = one-carbon compound metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009165 |text = nucleotide biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1719
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000782
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000791
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene = 13361
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000021707
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010049
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034179
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 13
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 93455536
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 93489806
| Mm_Uniprot = Q544T5
}}
}}
'''Dihydrofolate reductase''', also known as '''DHFR''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DHFR dihydrofolate reductase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1719| accessdate = }}</ref>
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Dihydrofolate reductase converts dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate, a methyl group shuttle required for the de novo synthesis of purines, thymidylic acid, and certain amino acids. While the functional dihydrofolate reductase gene has been mapped to chromosome 5, multiple intronless processed pseudogenes or dihydrofolate reductase-like genes have been identified on separate chromosomes. Dihydrofolate reductase deficiency has been linked to megaloblastic anemia.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DHFR dihydrofolate reductase| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1719| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Banerjee D, Mayer-Kuckuk P, Capiaux G, ''et al.'' |title=Novel aspects of resistance to drugs targeted to dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1587 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 164-73 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12084458 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stockman BJ, Nirmala NR, Wagner G, ''et al.'' |title=Sequence-specific 1H and 15N resonance assignments for human dihydrofolate reductase in solution. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=31 |issue= 1 |pages= 218-29 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1731871 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Beltzer JP, Spiess M |title=In vitro binding of the asialoglycoprotein receptor to the beta adaptin of plasma membrane coated vesicles. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=10 |issue= 12 |pages= 3735-42 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1935897 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Davies JF, Delcamp TJ, Prendergast NJ, ''et al.'' |title=Crystal structures of recombinant human dihydrofolate reductase complexed with folate and 5-deazafolate. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=29 |issue= 40 |pages= 9467-79 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2248959 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Will CL, Dolnick BJ |title=5-Fluorouracil inhibits dihydrofolate reductase precursor mRNA processing and/or nuclear mRNA stability in methotrexate-resistant KB cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=264 |issue= 35 |pages= 21413-21 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2592384 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Masters JN, Attardi G |title=Discrete human dihydrofolate reductase gene transcripts present in polysomal RNA map with their 5' ends several hundred nucleotides upstream of the main mRNA start site. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=5 |issue= 3 |pages= 493-500 |year= 1985 |pmid= 2859520 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Miszta H, Dabrowski Z, Lanotte M |title=In vitro patterns of enzymic tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.3) expression in bone marrow stromal cells. |journal=Leukemia |volume=2 |issue= 11 |pages= 754-9 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3185016 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Oefner C, D'Arcy A, Winkler FK |title=Crystal structure of human dihydrofolate reductase complexed with folate. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=174 |issue= 2 |pages= 377-85 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3383852 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yang JK, Masters JN, Attardi G |title=Human dihydrofolate reductase gene organization. Extensive conservation of the G + C-rich 5' non-coding sequence and strong intron size divergence from homologous mammalian genes. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=176 |issue= 2 |pages= 169-87 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6235374 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Masters JN, Yang JK, Cellini A, Attardi G |title=A human dihydrofolate reductase pseudogene and its relationship to the multiple forms of specific messenger RNA. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=167 |issue= 1 |pages= 23-36 |year= 1983 |pmid= 6306253 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chen MJ, Shimada T, Moulton AD, ''et al.'' |title=The functional human dihydrofolate reductase gene. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=259 |issue= 6 |pages= 3933-43 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6323448 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Funanage VL, Myoda TT, Moses PA, Cowell HR |title=Assignment of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene to the q11----q22 region of chromosome 5. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=4 |issue= 10 |pages= 2010-6 |year= 1985 |pmid= 6504041 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Masters JN, Attardi G |title=The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA coding for the human dihydrofolic acid reductase. |journal=Gene |volume=21 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 59-63 |year= 1983 |pmid= 6687716 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Morandi C, Masters JN, Mottes M, Attardi G |title=Multiple forms of human dihydrofolate reductase messenger RNA. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of their DNA coding sequence. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=156 |issue= 3 |pages= 583-607 |year= 1982 |pmid= 6750132 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bonifaci N, Sitia R, Rubartelli A |title=Nuclear translocation of an exogenous fusion protein containing HIV Tat requires unfolding. |journal=AIDS |volume=9 |issue= 9 |pages= 995-1000 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8527095 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mayhew M, da Silva AC, Martin J, ''et al.'' |title=Protein folding in the central cavity of the GroEL-GroES chaperonin complex. |journal=Nature |volume=379 |issue= 6564 |pages= 420-6 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8559246 |doi= 10.1038/379420a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gross M, Robinson CV, Mayhew M, ''et al.'' |title=Significant hydrogen exchange protection in GroEL-bound DHFR is maintained during iterative rounds of substrate cycling. |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=5 |issue= 12 |pages= 2506-13 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8976559 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schleiff E, Shore GC, Goping IS |title=Human mitochondrial import receptor, Tom20p. Use of glutathione to reveal specific interactions between Tom20-glutathione S-transferase and mitochondrial precursor proteins. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=404 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 314-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9119086 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cody V, Galitsky N, Luft JR, ''et al.'' |title=Comparison of two independent crystal structures of human dihydrofolate reductase ternary complexes reduced with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and the very tight-binding inhibitor PT523. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=36 |issue= 45 |pages= 13897-903 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9374868 |doi= 10.1021/bi971711l }}
*{{cite journal | author=Vanguri VK, Wang S, Godyna S, ''et al.'' |title=Thrombospondin-1 binds to polyhistidine with high affinity and specificity. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=347 |issue= Pt 2 |pages= 469-73 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10749676 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
- INFO: Beginning work on DPPA2... {December 20, 2007 11:44:06 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: DPPA2 {December 20, 2007 11:44:42 AM PST}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: DPPA2 {December 20, 2007 11:44:48 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on GADD45A... {December 20, 2007 11:40:07 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: GADD45A {December 20, 2007 11:40:42 AM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {December 20, 2007 11:40:45 AM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:40:45 AM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:40:45 AM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: GADD45A {December 20, 2007 11:40:51 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on PARP1... {December 20, 2007 11:34:06 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: PARP1 {December 20, 2007 11:34:44 AM PST}
- UPDATE PROTEIN BOX: Updating Protein Box, No errors. {December 20, 2007 11:34:46 AM PST}
- UPDATE SUMMARY: Updating Summary, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:34:46 AM PST}
- UPDATE CITATIONS: Updating Citations, No Errors. {December 20, 2007 11:34:46 AM PST}
- UPDATED: Updated protein page: PARP1 {December 20, 2007 11:34:52 AM PST}
- INFO: Beginning work on ZFP42... {December 20, 2007 11:43:10 AM PST}
- REDIRECT: Protein Redirected to: ZFP42 {December 20, 2007 11:43:59 AM PST}
- CREATED: Created new protein page: ZFP42 {December 20, 2007 11:44:06 AM PST}
end log.
