The genus Elymus is a part of the Poaceae family, which is considered to be the most economically important plant family in modern cultures. Evolving 55 million years ago, the Poaceae family is used to produce wheat, rice, and barley cereal grains. Elymus elymoides (also known as squireltail) is a specific type of wild rye that experiences competitive forces when introduced to invasive species, such as Bromus tectorum. Elymus elymoides experiences a decrease in fitness when growing concurrently with Bromus tectorum, leading to natural selection act negatively on Elymus elymoides. This is seen in the Great Basin Desert, as the dry environment makes water a limiting resource, resulting in competition over it. Bromus tectorum’s advantages may be due to their ability to re-engineer that particular ecosystems scarce water supply [1]. Bromus tectorum affects Elymus multisetus similarly, indicating that the trait causing their decreased fitness is shared among the genus [2]. Competition also occurs between Elymus elymoides and the invasive crested wheatgrass. When introduced, crested wheatgrass negatively affects Elymus elymoides when mature, despite being able to effectively compete at the seedling stage. If crested wheatgrass is used in rehabilitation or restoration of a site, then co-planting a native bunch grass, such as Elymus elymoides, would be helpful in preventing a crested wheatgrass mono culture. Because Elymus elymoides populations decline when introduced to certain populations, squirreltail may benefit more from a monoculture setting [3] This characteristic is supported by another species Elymus nutas. However, although it is successful as a monoculture food source, it results in a reduction of carbon transfer and decreased soil health when grown alone [4]. To preserve a prosperous "Elymus elymoides" food source, one must take into consideration its effects to the soil when grown alone, and its responses to competitive forces if grown with other plants.

  1. ^ Scot D. Ferguson, Elizabeth A. Leger, Jun Li, Robert S. Nowak, Natural selection favors root investment in native grasses during restoration of invaded fields, Journal of Arid Environments, Volume 116, May 2015, Pages 11-17, ISSN 0140-1963, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.01.009.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196315000105)
  2. ^ Perkins, L., & Hatfield, G. (2014). Competition, legacy, and priority and the success of three invasive species. Biological Invasions, 16(12), 2543-2550. doi:10.1007/s10530-014-0684-3
  3. ^ Nafus, A., Svejcar, T., Ganskopp, D., & Davies, K. (2015). Abundances of Coplanted Native Bunchgrasses and Crested Wheatgrass after 13 Years. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 68(5), 211-214.
  4. ^ Zhao, L., Chen, D., Zhao, N., Li, Q., Cheng, Q., Luo, C., . . . Zhao, X. (2015). Responses of carbon transfer, partitioning, and residence time to land use in the plant–soil system of an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Biol Fertil Soils Biology and Fertility of Soils, 781-790. Retrieved November 1, 2015.