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Anglo-Egyptian force

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A total of 8,200 British[1] and 17,600 Egyptian and Sudanese troops fought at Omdurman.[2] British infantry were armed with 0.303" Lee-Metford magazine rifles, which used smokeless powder.[3] Egyptian and Sudanese infantry were armed with Martini-Henry breech-loading rifles, which used black powder.[4]


British troops[5]

  • Infantry Division (Maj Gen Sir W.F. Gatacre)[9]
    • 1st Brigade (Brigadier-General Andy G. Wauchope)[10]
      • 1st Battalion Warwickshire Regiment
      • 1st Battalion Lincolnshire Regiment
      • 1st Battalion Seaforth Highlanders
      • 1st Battalion Cameron Highlanders
      • 6 maxim guns
      • detachment Royal Engineers
    • 2nd Brigade (Brigadier-General Neville G. Lyttelton)[11]
      • 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards
      • 1st Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers
      • 2nd Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers
      • 2nd Rifle Brigade
      • 4 maxim guns
      • detachment Royal Engineers

Egyptian Division[5] (Maj Gen Archibald Hunter)[12]

  • Egyptian cavalry (Colonel Robert G. Broadwood)[13]
    • 9 squadrons cavalry
  • 1st Egyptian Horse Artillery battery (6 6cm Krupp guns and 2 Maxim guns)[7][8]
  • 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Egyptian Field Batteries (each 6 Maxim-Nordenfeldt 121⁄2 pr QF and 2 Maxim guns)[7][8]
  • part of Camel Corps (Colonel R.J. Tudway)[14]
    • 8 companies
  • 1st Brigade (Col Hector A. MacDonald)[15]
    • 2nd Egyptian Battalion
    • 9th Sudanese Battalion
    • 10th Sudanese Battalion
    • 11th Sudanese Battalion
  • 2nd Brigade (Col John G. Maxwell)[16]
    • 8th Egyptian Battalion
    • 12th Sudanese Battalion
    • 13th Sudanese Battalion
    • 14th Sudanese Battalion
  • 3rd Brigade (Col D.F. Lewis)[13]
    • 3rd Egyptian Battalion
    • 4th Egyptian Battalion
    • 7th Egyptian Battalion
    • 15th Egyptian Battalion
  • 4th Brigade (Colonel J. Collinson)[13]
    • 1st Egyptian Battalion
    • 5th Egyptian Battalion
    • 17th Egyptian Battalion
    • 18th Egyptian Battalion
  • camel transport

Royal Navy (Commander C Keppel)[17]

  • 3 1889-class armoured screw gunboats (each with 2 Nordenfeldt guns, 1 12 pr QF, 1 howitzer, and 4 Maxim guns)[8]
  • 3 1896 armoured sternwheel gunboats (each with 1 12 pr QF, 2 6 pr QF, and 4 Maxim guns)[8]
  • 4 old class armoured sternwheel gunboats (each with 1 12 pr, and 2 Maxim-Nordenfeldt guns)[8]

Mahdist army

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There are various estimates of the size of the Mahdist army that fought at Obdurman.

  • 40,350 men is a lowest credible figure, and does not include the 2,000 men of Shaykh al-Din's guard that were at Omdurman, but did not take part in the battle.[18]
  • 51,427 men was an estimate by Reginald Wingate based on Mahdist documents captured after the battle, which were out of date, and include Shaykh al-Din's guard.[18]

The Mahdist army at Omdurman had about 15,000 rifles; the most common type was the Remington.[19] The barrels of many of these rifles had been shortened by the Mahdists, which made them less effective.[19]

The basic tactical unit for the Mahdist army was the rub, which varied in size between a few hundred and a few thousand soldiers.[18]

  • Dark Green Flag (Uthman al-Din)[20]
    • Khalifa's bodyguard
    • Uthman al-Din's bodyguard
    • 16 rubs
    • 2,900 horse
    • 12,900 rifles
    • 1 'French' gun
    • 1 mountain gun
    • 1 Remington machine gun
  • Black Flag (al-Rayya al-Zarqua) (Ya'qub)[20]
    • various tribal groups
    • 1,600 horse
    • 1,450 rifles
    • 1 Krupp gun
    • 1 Nordenfeld gun
  • Green flag (al Rayya al-Khadra) (Khalifa Ali wad-Helu)[20]
    • 3 rubs
    • 800 horse
    • unknown number of firearms
  • Emir Osman Digna[20]
    • 9 rubs
    • 190 horse
    • 350 rifles
  • Red Flag (al-Rayya al-Hamra) (Khalifa al-Sharif)[20]
    • 81 men
  • Emir Osman Azrak[20]
    • 81 men

Most Mahdist infantry carried a 10 ft long thrusting spear, three javelins, a long double-edged sword (made from metal recycled from railway tracks) and a small round shield with a conical boss.[19]

The Mahdist army had the following artillery and machine guns:

  • 35 brass mountain guns[19]
  • 8 Krupp guns[19]
  • 7 machine guns[19]
  • 13 other guns.[19]

Two of the three Mahdist river steamers mounted a mountain gun.[19]

The Mahdists believed that the primary function of artillery was to bombard fortifications, and so made little use of it at Omdurman.[21]

  1. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 46
  2. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 49
  3. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 53
  4. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 54
  5. ^ a b Major General Herbert Kitchener's despatch, 5 September 1898, reproduced in:
    Burleigh, Bennet (1899), Khartoum Campaign 1898, or the re-conquest of the Soudan (3 ed.), Chapman and Hall, pp. 279–80
  6. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 37
  7. ^ a b c d Burleigh, Bennet (1899), Khartoum Campaign 1898, or the re-conquest of the Soudan (3 ed.), Chapman and Hall, p. 37
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, pp. 145–6
  9. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, pp. 33–34
  10. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 35
  11. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 36
  12. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 38
  13. ^ a b c Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 41
  14. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 42
  15. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 39
  16. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 40
  17. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 37
  18. ^ a b c Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, pp. 50–51
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 56
  20. ^ a b c d e f Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, pp. 146–7
  21. ^ Wright, William, Omdurman 1898, battle story, p. 57

a trial

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A trial was undertaken in 1870 to compare the accuracy and rate of fire of turret-mounted heavy guns with those in a centre-battery ship. The target was a 600 feet (180 m) long, 60 feet (18 m) high rock off Vigo. The speed of the ships was 4–5 knots (4.6–5.8 mph; 7.4–9.3 km/h) ("some accounts say stationary").[1] Each ship fired for five minutes, with the guns starting "loaded and very carefully trained".[1] The guns fired Palliser shells with battering charges at a range of about 1,000 yards (0.91 km).[1] Three out of the Captain's four hits were achieved with the first salvo; firing this salvo caused the ship to roll heavily (±20°); smoke from firing made aiming difficult.[1] Note that the Captain could be expected to capsize if inclined 21°.[2] The Monarch and the Hercules also did better with their first salvo, were inconvenienced by the smoke of firing, and to a lesser extent were caused to roll by firing.[1] On the Hercules the gunsights were on the guns, and this worked better than the turret roof gunsights used by the other ships.[1]

Ship Weapons firing Rounds fired Hits Rate of fire
(rounds per minute)
Hercules 4 x 10 inch MLR 17 10 0.65
Monarch 4 x 12 inch MLR 12 5 0.40
Captain 4 x 12 inch MLR 11 4 0.35
Source: [1]


History

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"Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs" was established on 16 March 1966 as a police police training school for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union. In 1992, it was renamed the Dnipropetrovsk College of Militsiya of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. On 1 September 1997, it was converted into a Higher education institution, the Dnipropetrovsk Law Institute of the Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs. The Legal Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine was created from the institute in 2001. It became the Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs in 2005. In 2016, the university was recognized as the best educational institution in the region in the field of jurisprudence.

  • 1966-1992: Dnipropetrovsk Special Secondary School of Police, Ukrainian: Дніпропетровська Спеціальна Середня Школа Міліції.[3]
  • 1992-1997: Dnipropetrovsk Police School, Ukrainian: Дніпропетровське Училище Міліції.[3]
  • 1997-2001: Dnipropetrovsk Institute of Legal Studies, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Ukrainian: Дніпропетровський Юридичний Інститут Мвс України.[3]
  • 2001-2005: Legal Academy of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Ukrainian: Юридична Академія Мвс України.[3]
  • Since 2005: Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Ukrainian: Дніпропетровській Державний Університет Внутрішніх Справ.[3]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Brown, David K (1997), Warrior to Dreadnought, Chatham Publishing, p. 50, ISBN 1861760221
  2. ^ An inclining test at Portsmouth conducted on 29 July 1870 suggested that the Captain's extreme heel with safety in smooth water was 15°-16°; calculations completed by 23 August 1870 showed that her danger angle was 21°, as had been predicted by Lairds in January or February 1870.
    Parkes, Oscar (1966), British Battleships (2 ed.), pp. 141–2
    Brown, David K (1997), Warrior to Dreadnought, Chatham Publishing, pp. 48, 50–51, ISBN 1861760221
  3. ^ a b c d e Історія навчального закладу, ДДУВС [History of the educational institution of Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs], retrieved 17 November 2017:work=University website {{citation}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

Thangal

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Toddy1/Sandbox 17
 
Personal
Born
Kunhikoya Thangal

(1948-08-08)8 August 1948
(A.H. 1367 Shawal 2)
Thazhengadi, Vadakara, Kozhikode
Died10 June 2017(2017-06-10) (aged 68)
(A.H. 1438 Ramadan 15)
Vadakara, Kerala, India
Resting placeMakham'ul Waseela, Karimpanapalam, Vadakara
ReligionIslam
NationalityIndian
Parents
  • Muhammed Mashhoor Mullakoya Thangal (father)
  • Aysha Atta Beevi (mother)
DenominationQadiriya order of Sufism
LineageMashhoor[citation needed]
Known forSpiritual Master,[citation needed] Sufi Scholar,[citation needed] Ayurveda Physician[citation needed]
Muslim leader
Period in office1987- 2017[citation needed]
SuccessorMuhammed Mashhoor Fasalkoya Thangal[citation needed]
Hamid Mashhoor AttaKoya Thangal[citation needed]

Abdullah Mashhoor Kunhikoya Thangal (Arabic : سيّد عبد الله مشهور كنجكّوي تنجض البريريّ القادري , Malayalam: സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുള്ള മഷ്ഹൂർ കുഞ്ഞിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ⁠⁠⁠⁠ ) (1948-2017) was an Indian Sufi, and was known as Vadakara Thangal.


Early life

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He was born to Muhammed Mashhoor Mullakoya Thangal Vadakara[1] and Aysha Atta Beevi on 8 August 1948 (Shawal 2nd, 1367) in his ancestral house called 'Aanantavida' at Vadakara.[citation needed]

After primary education, he completed his studies at Manarul Uloom Madrassa High School, the first educational institution at Vadakara.[2][3] He then took up medicine (Ayurveda) as a profession with his father and spiritual master Muhammed Mashhoor Mullakoya Thangal Vadakara.[citation needed]

He grew up by putting into practice what he learned from his father.[4] He received knowledge in medical profession under the guidance of his father and assisted him in it. He received government recognition and registration to manufacture medicine and practice as an ayurvedic physician. In addition to having in depth knowledge in widely popular medical texts, he had received knowledge of rare medical procedures and medicine handed down to generations from an ancient stream of Siddha Vaidya.[citation needed]

Family

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The Mashhoor lineage started in Kerala through Sufi Scholar Abdurahman Mashhoor who came to Kerala in 1710 C.E from Yemen.[citation needed]

He married Asma Muthubeevi from a family of Ponnani Vettom Pokkiriyakam.[5]

He was a descendant of Sufi scholar and spiritual master Cheruseethi Thangal (1669 - 1771).[citation needed]

Thangal was the 37th grandson of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.[citation needed] Thangal who was a master of the Qadiriyya Sufi Order was the 25th generation in the lineage of Sufi masters from Sheikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani and 42nd from Muhammad.[citation needed]

Part of a series on Islam
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In the spiritual world

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He was attracted to Sufi Tariqa and received disciple-hood from his father Sayyid.[citation needed]

Following to his father's death, he became the spiritual master of Qadiriyya, Chisthiya (chisti), Tabaqathiya and Zuharawardiya paths of Tariqa. He has a lot of disciples [6]both inside and outside Kerala.

He offered wisdom to people irrespective of national, religious and caste differences.[citation needed]

Death

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Sheikh Thangal died on 10 June 2017 (15th Ramadan 1438 A.H).[7][8] He is buried at Makham'ul Waseela at Karimpanapalam, Vadakara in Kozhikode.[citation needed]

 
Makham'ul Waseela, the tomb of Abdullah Mashhoor Kunhikoya Thangal at Karimpanapalam, Vadakara

References

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  1. ^ "Mashhoor Mullakoya Thangal and Vadakara".
  2. ^ Chapter published by, Baithul Ayshabi (2016). "Book Chapter about Sheikh Thangal".
  3. ^ KMCC, Vadakara. "Magazine".
  4. ^ "Mashhoor Moulid, Mashhoor Mala, Moulid Paribasha and Thawassul Baith".[dead link]
  5. ^ About ponnani, Malabarile Makkah. Malabarile Makkah. T.V. Abdurahman Kutty.
  6. ^ Mashhoor kunhikoya thangal, Margadarshi. "Margadarshi bublished by disciples".
  7. ^ Death News. "Divine Grace Departed".
  8. ^ News. "Vadakara Sheikh Mashhoor Thangal Departed". {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)

[[Category:People from Kozhikode district]] [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:2017 deaths]]

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