User:Universal Life/Angika language

Angika
Angika
अंगिका; अङ्गिका; অঙ্গিকা; 𑂃𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂱𑂍𑂰; Aṁgikā, Aṅgikā
	The word "Angika" written in Devanagari script
Pronunciation	[ɐ̃ŋgiˈka] ⓘ
Native to	India and Nepal
Region	Anga (eastern Bihar and northeastern Jharkhand, as well as Morang and Sunsari districts, Nepal)
Ethnicity	Angika people
Native speakers	L1: 740,000 (1997/2011); L2: 1,700 (2011, Nepal); Total census: 750,000; Total estimate: 30–50 million (2001);
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Angika; ; ; ;
Early forms	Magadhi Prakrit Magadhan Apabhraṃśa Abahaṭ‌ṭha ; ;
Dialects	Northern (Dharampuria); Central (Bhagalpuria); Thethi (Mungeria); Surjapuria; Khotta;
Writing system	Devanagari; Kaithi (formerly); Anga Lipi (historical);
Official status
Official language in	India Jharkhand (second state language);
Recognised minority; language in	Nepal (protected under mother-tongue provisions)
Language codes
ISO 639-2	anp
ISO 639-3	anp
Glottolog	angi1238
Linguasphere	59-AAF-sk
	Map of eastern India and Nepal showing the region where Angika is spoken.
	Classified as "Vulnerable" (VU) by UNESCO's Atlas of the world's languages in danger.
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Angika (अंगिका, Aṃgikā, pronounced [ɐ̃ŋgiˈka] ^ⓘ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India and Nepal.

Notes

↑ Ethnologue’s figure combines the 1997 Indian census with the 2011 Nepal census.
↑ The figures significantly undercount Angika because census practices register speakers under “Hindi”, and societal and official pressures lead many to report it as their mother tongue.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

References

↑ "Glottolog 5.2 - Angika". glottolog.org. Archived from the original on 2 June 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
1 2 "Angika - Ethnologue: Languages of the World". ethnologue.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
↑ Alam, Badshah; Dubey, Prabhat Kumar; Shukla, Ashutosh Kumar; Kumari, Junny (2023). "Understanding The Role Of Folk Ballad Songs As Medium Of Mass Communication In Rural India" (PDF). Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences. 10 (1): 3912. Retrieved 12 September 2025.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
1 2 Regmi, Ambika (April 2017). A Sociolinguistic Survey of Angika (PDF). Central Department of Linguistics. Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN) (Report). Kathmandu, Nepal: Tribhuvan University. Retrieved 12 September 2025.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ Kidwai, Ayesha (April–June 2008). "Managing Multilingual India" (PDF). The Marxist. 24 (2): 1–7. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
↑ Proisl, Thomas; Uhrig, Peter; Blombach, Andreas; Dykes, Natalie; Heinrich, Philipp; Kabashi, Besim; Mammarella, Sefora (2019). "The_Illiterati: Part-of-Speech Tagging for Magahi and Bhojpuri without Even Knowing the Alphabet" (PDF). Proceedings of The First International Workshop on NLP Solutions for Under Resourced Languages (NSURL 2019) co-located with ICNLSP 2019-Short Papers. Trento, Italy: European Language Resources Association (ELRA). pp. 73–79. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
↑ Bhattacharya, Snigdhendu (9 May 2022). "How Grouping Of Languages Inflated Number Of Hindi Speakers". Outlook India. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2025.
↑ Shubham, Shreeti (31 October 2022). ""Languages" to "dialects of Hindi": A relegation of the languages of Bihar in the agenda of Hindi nationalism". Shuddhashar. No. 31 ("Cultural Genocide"). Skien, Norway. ISSN 2535-7476. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
↑ Mishra, Sudhir Kumar (22 March 2018). "Bhojpuri, 3 more to get official tag". The Telegraph (India). Ranchi. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2025. The cabinet on Wednesday resolved to promulgate an ordinance to grant second official language status to Maithili, Angika, Bhojpuri and Magahi, in addition to 12 existing ones.
↑ Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of peoples. Cartography by Alexandre Nicolas (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. pp. 140, 202, 204. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Archived from the original on 15 August 2025. Retrieved 14 September 2025.

[5] Ethnologue’s figure combines the 1997 Indian census with the 2011 Nepal census.

[10] The figures significantly undercount Angika because census practices register speakers under “Hindi”, and societal and official pressures lead many to report it as their mother tongue.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

[Glottolog-1] "Glottolog 5.2 - Angika". glottolog.org. Archived from the original on 2 June 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025.

[Ethnologue-2] 1 2 "Angika - Ethnologue: Languages of the World". ethnologue.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2025.

[Alam-3] Alam, Badshah; Dubey, Prabhat Kumar; Shukla, Ashutosh Kumar; Kumari, Junny (2023). "Understanding The Role Of Folk Ballad Songs As Medium Of Mass Communication In Rural India" (PDF). Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences. 10 (1): 3912. Retrieved 12 September 2025.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[Regmi-4] 1 2 Regmi, Ambika (April 2017). A Sociolinguistic Survey of Angika (PDF). Central Department of Linguistics. Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN) (Report). Kathmandu, Nepal: Tribhuvan University. Retrieved 12 September 2025.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[Kidwai-6] Kidwai, Ayesha (April–June 2008). "Managing Multilingual India" (PDF). The Marxist. 24 (2): 1–7. Retrieved 11 September 2025.

[Acl-7] Proisl, Thomas; Uhrig, Peter; Blombach, Andreas; Dykes, Natalie; Heinrich, Philipp; Kabashi, Besim; Mammarella, Sefora (2019). "The_Illiterati: Part-of-Speech Tagging for Magahi and Bhojpuri without Even Knowing the Alphabet" (PDF). Proceedings of The First International Workshop on NLP Solutions for Under Resourced Languages (NSURL 2019) co-located with ICNLSP 2019-Short Papers. Trento, Italy: European Language Resources Association (ELRA). pp. 73–79. Retrieved 11 September 2025.

[Outlook-8] Bhattacharya, Snigdhendu (9 May 2022). "How Grouping Of Languages Inflated Number Of Hindi Speakers". Outlook India. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2025.

[Shuddhashar-9] Shubham, Shreeti (31 October 2022). ""Languages" to "dialects of Hindi": A relegation of the languages of Bihar in the agenda of Hindi nationalism". Shuddhashar. No. 31 ("Cultural Genocide"). Skien, Norway. ISSN 2535-7476. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2025.

[Mishra-11] Mishra, Sudhir Kumar (22 March 2018). "Bhojpuri, 3 more to get official tag". The Telegraph (India). Ranchi. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2025. The cabinet on Wednesday resolved to promulgate an ordinance to grant second official language status to Maithili, Angika, Bhojpuri and Magahi, in addition to 12 existing ones.

[UNESCO-12] Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of peoples. Cartography by Alexandre Nicolas (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. pp. 140, 202, 204. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Archived from the original on 15 August 2025. Retrieved 14 September 2025.

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