Wikipedia

Visa requirements for Malaysian citizens

Visa requirements for Malaysian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Malaysia.

A Malaysian passport

As of 2024, Malaysian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 183 countries and territories, ranking the Malaysian passport 12th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index,[1] making it the 2nd highest-ranked passport in Southeast Asia after Singapore, the 5th highest-ranked in Asia[2] and the 2nd highest-ranked passport in the developing world and among Muslim-majority countries, just behind United Arab Emirates.

Although Malaysian passports bear the inscription "This passport is valid for all countries except Israel" and the Malaysian government officially allows travel to Israel for Christian and Muslim pilgrims only, Israel still issues visas to Malaysian citizens according to its rules.

In September 2017, Malaysia announced a ban on all Malaysian citizens from travelling to North Korea, in the wake of strained Malaysia–North Korea relations following the assassination of Kim Jong-nam at Kuala Lumpur International Airport.[3]

Visa requirements map

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Visa requirements for Malaysian citizens holding ordinary passports
  Malaysia
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required
  Travel banned by the Malaysian government

Visa requirements

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Country / Region Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes
  Afghanistan Visa required[4]
  Albania Visa not required[5] 90 days
  Algeria Visa not required[6] 3 months
  Andorra Visa not required[7]
  Angola Visa required[8]
  Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[9] 180 days
  Argentina Visa not required[10] 30 days[11]
  Armenia eVisa[12][13] 120 days
  • e-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure.
  Australia Electronic Travel Authority[14] 3 months
  • 3 months on each visit in 12-month period if granted.
  Austria Visa not required[15] 90 days
  Azerbaijan Visa not required[16] 30 days
  • Applied unilaterally.
  Bahamas Visa not required[17] 3 months
  Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[18] 1 month
  • e-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure.
  Bangladesh Visa on arrival[19] 30 days
  • Fee of USD 51.
  Barbados Visa not required[20] 6 months
  Belarus Visa not required[21] 30 days
  Belgium Visa not required[22] 90 days
  Belize Visa not required[23]
  Benin eVisa[24][25] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
  Bhutan eVisa[26][27]
  Bolivia Online Visa / Visa on arrival[28] 30 days[29]
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[30] 90 days
  Botswana Visa not required[31] 90 days
  Brazil Visa not required[32] 90 days
  Brunei Visa not required[33] 30 days
  Bulgaria Visa not required[34] 90 days
  Burkina Faso eVisa[35][36]
  Burundi Visa on arrival[37] 1 month
  Cambodia Visa not required[38] 30 days
  Cameroon eVisa[39][40]
  Canada Visa required[41]
  Cape Verde Visa on arrival[42]
  • Fee EUR 25.
  Central African Republic Visa required[43]
  Chad Visa required[44]
  Chile Visa not required[45] 30 days
  China Visa not required[46] 15 days
  • Visa-free starting from December 1, 2023 until December 31, 2025.
  • China is set to extend visa-free travel for Malaysian tourists from 15 days to 30 days as announced on 31 May 2024.[47] However, this has yet to be implemented as of September 2024.[48]
  Colombia Online Visa[49][50]
  Comoros Visa on arrival[51] 45 days
  Republic of the Congo Visa required[52]
  Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[53][54] 7 days
  Costa Rica Visa not required[55] 90 days
  Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[56][57] 3 months
  • Must be arriving at Port Bouet Airport and hold an International Certificate of Vaccination.[58]
  • Fee is 73 EURO.
  Croatia Visa not required[59] 90 days
  Cuba Visa not required[60] 90 days
  Cyprus Visa not required[61] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Czech Republic Visa not required[62] 3 months
  • 3 months, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (pursuant to the Czech Republic-Malaysia bilateral visa exemption agreement that was concluded before the Czech Republic joined the European Union and the Schengen Area).[63]
  Denmark Visa not required[64] 3 months
  • 3 months within the past 6 months, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries, but including time spent in other Nordic countries (except Iceland).[65]
  Djibouti eVisa[66][67] 90 days
  Dominica Visa not required[68] 6 months
  Dominican Republic Visa not required[69] 30 days
  Ecuador Visa not required[70] 90 days
  Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[71][72] 30 days / 15 days
  El Salvador Visa not required[73] 3 months
  Equatorial Guinea eVisa[74][75]
  Eritrea Visa required[76]
  Estonia Visa not required[77] 90 days
  Eswatini Visa not required[78] 30 days
  Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[79][80] up to 90 days
  Fiji Visa not required[81] 4 months
  Finland Visa not required[82] 90 days
  France Visa not required[83] 90 days
  Gabon Visa not required[84] 90 days
  Gambia Visa not required[85] 90 days
  Georgia Visa not required[86] 1 year
  Germany Visa not required[87] 90 days
  Ghana Visa required[88]
  Greece Visa not required[89] 90 days
  Grenada Visa not required[90] 3 months
  Guatemala Visa not required[91] 90 days
  Guinea eVisa[92][93] 90 days
  Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[94] 90 days
  Guyana Visa not required[95] 60 days[96]
  Haiti Visa not required[97] 3 months
  Honduras Visa not required[98] 3 months
  Hungary Visa not required[99] 90 days
  Iceland Visa not required[100] 90 days
  India eVisa[101] 30 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 31 designated airports[Note 1] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 2][102]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[103]
  Indonesia Visa not required[104] 30 days
  Iran Visa not required[105] 15 days
  Iraq Visa required[106]
  Ireland Visa not required[107] 3 months
  Israel Travel Banned by the Malaysian government[108]
  • Travel officially restricted by Malaysian government to pilgrims only.
  • Confirmation from Israeli Foreign Ministry is required before a visa is issued.[109]
  Italy Visa not required[110] 90 days
  Jamaica Visa not required[111] 180 days
  Japan Visa not required[112] 90 days
  • Visa not required for visits up to 90 days using the Malaysian biometric passports according of Here
  Jordan eVisa / Free visa on arrival[113][114] 1 month
  • Malaysians can obtain a visa for free upon arrival.[115]
  Kazakhstan Visa not required[116] 30 days
  Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[117][118] 3 months
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  Kiribati Visa not required[119] 90 days
  North Korea Travel Banned by the Malaysian government[120]
  South Korea Electronical Travel Authorization[122] 90 days
  • Malaysian citizens can enter South Korea as a short term visit (e.g., tours, visiting relatives or friends, attending simple meetings) up to 90 days without a visa, though you should remain aware of the quarantine requirements. You must also have an onward or return ticket. It is illegal to work on a tourist visa, whether as a teacher or in any other capacity.[123]
  • You must be in possession of a Korea Electronic Travel Authorization (K-ETA) to enter Korea visa-free. You can complete your K-ETA application up to 24 hours before boarding your flight and it will be valid for 3 years from the date of approval. There is a small, non-refundable charge.[123]
  Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[124][125] 3 months
  • Fee KWD 3.
  • e-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure.
  Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[126] 30 days
  Laos Visa not required[127] 30 days
  Latvia Visa not required[128] 90 days
  Lebanon Free visa on arrival[129] 1 month
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport.
  • Must not have Israeli visa or stamp in the passport. Must be in possession of phone number & address to be visited in Lebanon, and a non-refundable onward ticket.
  Lesotho Visa not required[130] 90 days
  Liberia Visa required[131]
  Libya Visa not required[132][133] 14 days
  • According to the e-Visa site, citizens of Malaysia are exempt from visa.
  Liechtenstein Visa not required[134] 90 days
  Lithuania Visa not required[135] 90 days
  Luxembourg Visa not required[136] 90 days
  Madagascar Visa on arrival[137] 60 days
  Malawi Visa not required[138] 90 days
  Maldives Free visa on arrival[139] 30 days
  • Must have hotel reservation.
  Mali Visa required[140]
  Malta Visa not required[141] 90 days
  Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[142] 90 days
  Mauritania Visa on arrival[143]
  Mauritius Visa not required[144] 90 days
  Mexico Visa not required[145] 180 days
  Micronesia Visa not required[146] 30 days
  Moldova Visa not required[147] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
  Monaco Visa not required[148]
  Mongolia Visa not required[149] 30 days
  Montenegro Visa not required[150] 90 days
  Morocco Visa not required[151][152] 90 days
  Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[153][154] 30 days
  • At Beira (BEW), Nampula (APL), Maputo (MPM), Pemba (POL), Tete (TET) and Vilankulo (VNX). Must have onward ticket.
  Myanmar eVisa[155][156] 28 days
  Namibia Visa not required[157] 3 Months
  Nauru Visa required[158]
  • Application via email to director of immigration office.[159]
    Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[160] 90 days[161]
  Netherlands Visa not required[162] 90 days
  New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[163] 3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[164]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[165] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[164]
  Nicaragua Visa not required[166] 90 days
  Niger Visa required[167]
  Nigeria eVisa[168][169] 90 days
  North Macedonia Visa not required[170] 30 days
  Norway Visa not required[171] 3 months
  • 3 months within the past 6 months, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries, but including time spent in other Nordic countries.[172][173]
  Oman Visa not required / eVisa[174][175] 14 days / 30 days
  Pakistan eVisa[176] 90 days
  • Issued free of charge as of August 2024.
  Palau Free visa on arrival[177] 30 days
  Panama Visa not required[178] 90 days
  Papua New Guinea eVisa[179][180] 60 days
  • Must arrive through Port Moresby (POM) or Rabaul (RAB) airports.[181]
  Paraguay Visa required[182]
  Peru Visa not required[183] 90 days
  Philippines Visa not required[184] 30 days
  Poland Visa not required[185] 90 days
  • 90 days within a 180-day period, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (pursuant to the Poland-Malaysia bilateral agreement regulating visa-free traffic that was concluded before Poland joined the European Union and the Schengen Area).
  Portugal Visa not required[186] 90 days
  Qatar Visa not required[187][188] 90 days
  Romania Visa not required[189] 90 days
  Russia eVisa[190][191] 16 days
  Rwanda Visa not required[192] 30 days
  Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[193] 3 months
  Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[194] 6 weeks
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[195] 3 month
  Samoa Visa not required[196] 60 days
  San Marino Visa not required[197]
  São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[198][199]
  • Visa holders issued by USA or a Schengen Member State may enter São Tomé and Príncipe for stay up to a maximum stay of 15 days.
  Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[200][201] 90 days
  Senegal Visa not required[202] 90 days
  Serbia Visa required[203][204]
  • Valid Schengen, UK, US, Switzerland or EEA Member State Visa holder may enter Serbia without Serbian tourist visa.
  Seychelles Electronic Border System[205][206] 3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
  Sierra Leone Free Visa on arrival[207] 30 days
  Singapore Visa not required[208] 30 days
  Slovakia Visa not required[209] 90 days
  Slovenia Visa not required[210] 90 days
  Solomon Islands Free Visitor's permit on arrival[211] 3 months
  Somalia Visa on arrival[212] 30 days
  South Africa Visa not required[213] 90 days [214]
  South Sudan eVisa[215][216]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
  Spain Visa not required[217] 90 days
  Sri Lanka eVisa / Free Visa on arrival[218][219] 60 days / 30 days
  • Malaysian citizens are exempt from a fee for visas until 30 April, 2024.[220]
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[221]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
  Sudan Visa on arrival[222] 3 months
  Suriname Visa not required[223][224] 30 days
  • An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[225]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[226]
  Sweden Visa not required[227] 90 days
   Switzerland Visa not required[228] 90 days
  Syria Free visa on arrival[229][230] 3 months
  Tajikistan Visa not required[231] 30 days
  Tanzania Visa not required[232] 3 months
  Thailand Visa not required[233][234] 60 days
  Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[235] 30 days[236]
  • Must hold return / onward ticket.[237]
  • Fee of USD 30 to be paid in cash only.
  Togo eVisa[238][239] 15 days
  • Must have return / onward ticket and 3 passport photos.[240]
  Tonga Free visa on arrival[241] 31 days
  • Must have return/onward ticket.[242]
  Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[243]
  Tunisia Visa not required[244] 3 months
  Turkey Visa not required[245] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 days period in Turkiye.
  Turkmenistan Visa required[246]
  Tuvalu Free Visa on arrival[247] 1 month
  Uganda Visa not required[248] 3 months
  Ukraine Visa required[249][250]
  United Arab Emirates Visa not required[251] 30 days
  United Kingdom Visa not required[252] 6 months
  United States Visa required[253][254]
  • Malaysian citizens who do receive a visa are normally issued with 10-years multiple-entry combination B1 / B2 visas, and each entry can stay for a maximum of 6 months (the period of stay is subject to the border immigration officer).
  Uruguay Visa not required[255] 30 days
  Uzbekistan Visa not required[256] 30 days
  Vanuatu Visa not required[257] 30 days
  Vatican City Visa not required[258] 90 days
  Venezuela Visa not required[259] 90 days
  Vietnam Visa not required[260] 30 days
  • 90 days multiple entries e-Visa is also available
  Yemen Visa on arrival[261] 3 months
  Zambia Visa not required[262] 90 days
  Zimbabwe Visa not required[263] 3 months

Territories and disputed areas

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Visa requirements for Malaysia citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
  Abkhazia Visa required Electronic form submission and supporting documents submission via email or fax[286]
  Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 EUR for Orthodox visitors, 35 EUR for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 EUR for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[287][288]
  Brest and Grodno, Belarus Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[289]
Entry to / exit from Brest, Zhabinsky, Kamenets, Pruzhansky districts of Brest region, as well as Svisloch district of the Grodno region must be through road checkpoints Brest (Terespol), Domachevo (Slovatici), Peschatka (Polovtsi), the point of a simplified pass Pererov (Bialowieza), railway crossing point Brest-Vostochny (Terespol) & checkpoint Brest airport.
Entry to / exit from territory of special tourist and recreational park Augustow Canal must be through road checkpoints Bruzgi (Forge Belostotskaya) Privalka (Raigardas), point of a simplified check Forestry (Rudavka), Privalka (Svindubre), railway checkpoint Grodno (Kuznica Belostotskaya) & checkpoint Airport Grodno.
  Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required.[290]
  Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[291][292]
  UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[293] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
  Faroe Islands Visa not required 90 days[294][295]
  Gibraltar Visa not required[296] 90 days[297]
  Guernsey Visa not required 90 days[298]
  Isle of Man Visa not required 90 days[299]
  Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[300][301]
  Jersey Visa not required 90 days[302]
  Kosovo Visa not required 90 days[303]
  Artsakh Visa on arrival Travellers can obtain the visa on arrival at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs office in Stepanakert upon arrival.[304][305] Holders of a passport containing an Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or any evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[306][307]
  Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[308]
  South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[309][310]
  Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[311]
Africa
  British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[312][313]
  Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[314]
  Mayotte Visa not required 90 days[315][316]
  Réunion Visa not required 90 days[315][316][317]
  Ascension Island eVisa[318][319] 3 months within any year period.
  Saint Helena Visitor's Pass on arrival 6 months. Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 GBP.[320]
  Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 GBP (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 GBP for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[321]
  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
  Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 USD, payable on arrival.[322]
  Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
  Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[323]
Asia
  Hainan Visa on arrival[46] 30 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.
  Hong Kong Visa not required 90 days[324]
  India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[325][326][327][328][329][330]
  Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[331]
  Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[332]
  Macao Visa not required 30 days[333]
  Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[334]
  North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
  Palestine Visa not required[335] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[336]
  Taiwan Visa not required[337] 30 days[338]
  Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[339][340][341]
  Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[342][343][344]
  Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[345][346]
  Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone
  UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone
  Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[347]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
  Anguilla Visa not required 3 months[348]
  Aruba Visa not required 90 days[349][350]
  Bermuda Visa not required 6 months.[31]
  Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required 90 days[351][352]
  British Virgin Islands Visa not required 6 months, extensions possible[353]
  San Andrés and Leticia[354] Tourist Card on arrival must hold return/onward ticket. Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[49]
  Cayman Islands Visa not required 60 days[355]
  Curacao Visa not required 3 months[356]
  French West Indies Visa not required 90 days. French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[316][317]
  Greenland Visa not required 90 days[357]
  Margarita Island Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[358]
  Montserrat Visa not required 6 months[359][360]
  Puerto Rico Visa required[361] Visa Issued by the United States is required.
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required 90 days[315][316][317]
  Sint Maarten Visa not required 90 days[362][363]
  Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required Holders of valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA may enter Turks and Caicos Islands for stay up to a maximum of 90 days.[364][365]
  U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[366] Visa issued by the United States is required.
South America
  French Guiana Visa not required 90 days[367][316][317]
  Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[368]
Oceania
  American Samoa Entry permit required Entry Permit required from Office of Attorney General of American Samoa.[369]
  Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[370]
  Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[371]
  Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days[372]
  Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[373]
  French Polynesia Visa not required 90 days[374][316]
  Guam Visa not required 45 days[375]
  New Caledonia Visa not required 90 days[315][316]
  Niue Visa not required 30 days[376]
  Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required 45 days[375]
  Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee USD 35 or tax of USD 5 if not going ashore.[377][378][379]
  United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[380][381][382][383][384][385][386][387]
  Wallis and Futuna Visa not required 90 days[315]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
  Falkland Islands Visa required[388] British Overseas Territory visa is required. Apply at British High Commission[389]
  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required 60 days before arrival[390]
  Antarctica Special permits required Special permits required for   British Antarctic Territory,   French Southern and Antarctic Lands,   Argentine Antarctica,   Australian Antarctic Territory,   Chilean Antarctic Territory,   Heard Island and McDonald Islands,   Peter I Island,   Queen Maud Land,   Ross Dependency.[391][392][393][394][395][396][397][398][399][400][401]

APEC Business Travel Card

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  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[402]

1 - Up to 180 days
2 - Up to 90 days
3 - Up to 90 days in a period of 180 days
4 - Up to 60 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[403]

  • No need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
  • Undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members

Non-visa restrictions

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This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

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Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[404] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

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Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
 
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[405] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[406]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[407][408]

Passport validity length

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Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[409][410] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[411]

Some countries, such as Japan,[412] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[413] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[414] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[415] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[416] Philippines,[417] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[418]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[419] and South Africa.

Criminal record

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Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[420] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

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The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[421]

Israeli stamps

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Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[422] Lebanon,[423] Libya,[424] Syria,[425] and Yemen[426] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

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See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[427]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[428][429] Argentina,[430] Brunei, Cambodia,[431] China,[432] Ethiopia,[433] Ghana, Guinea,[434] India, Japan,[435][436] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[437] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[438] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[439] Singapore, South Korea,[440] Taiwan, Thailand,[441] Uganda,[442] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[443][444][445] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[446]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[447] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[448][449]

See also

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References and Notes

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References
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  2. ^ "Global Ranking - Passport Index 2022". Henley & Partners. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
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  5. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  6. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  7. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  8. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  10. ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  11. ^ "Visa-Exempt Countries". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto.
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  18. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  19. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  20. ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
  21. ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
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  33. ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
  34. ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
  35. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  36. ^ "Burkina Faso eVisa".
  37. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  38. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  39. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  41. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  42. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  43. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  44. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  49. ^ a b International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  51. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  52. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  53. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  55. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  56. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  57. ^ "CI eVisa".
  58. ^ "Officially Recognized and Approved e-Visa website by the State of Ivory Coast". Snedai Group.
  59. ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
  60. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  61. ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
  62. ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
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  65. ^ "Visa-free travel". Danish Immigration Service. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  66. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  68. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  69. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  70. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  71. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  73. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  74. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  75. ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
  76. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  77. ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  78. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  79. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  80. ^ "Ethiopia eVisa".
  81. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  82. ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  83. ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  84. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  85. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  86. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  87. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  88. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  89. ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
  90. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  91. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  92. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  93. ^ "Guinea eVisa".
  94. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  95. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  96. ^ "Countries Whose Nationals Do Not Require Visas to Enter Guyana". Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Co-operative Republic of Guyana.
  97. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  98. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  99. ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  100. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  101. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  102. ^ e-Visa
  103. ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
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  105. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  106. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  107. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  108. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  109. ^ "Israel Tourist Visa Table" (PDF).
  110. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  111. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  112. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  113. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  114. ^ "Jordan E-Services".
  115. ^ "Visa fee exemption for Malaysians". Embassy of Malaysia, Amman.
  116. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  117. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  118. ^ "Kenya eTA".
  119. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  121. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia
  122. ^ "K-ETA".
  123. ^ a b "Entry requirements - South Korea travel advice". GOV.UK. Retrieved 3 December 2021.   Text was copied from this source, which is available under an Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
  124. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  125. ^ "Kuwait eVisa".
  126. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  127. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  128. ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  129. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  130. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  131. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  132. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  133. ^ "Libya eVisa".
  134. ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
  135. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  136. ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  137. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  138. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  139. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  140. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  141. ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
  142. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  143. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  144. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  145. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  146. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  147. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  148. ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  149. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  150. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  151. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  152. ^ "Visa-free travel to Morocco for Malaysians | The Star".
  153. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  154. ^ "Mozambique eVisa".
  155. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  156. ^ "Myanmar eVisa".
  157. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  158. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  159. ^ "Visa Requirements to Enter Nauru". The Government of the Republic of Nauru.
  160. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  161. ^ "Nepal Online Visa".
  162. ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  163. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  164. ^ a b "Paying the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 1 February 2021. Many tourists, people on working holidays, and some students and workers coming to New Zealand must pay an International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) of NZD $35.
  165. ^ "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 21 May 2020. Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
  166. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  167. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  168. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  169. ^ "Nigeria Immigration Services".
  170. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  171. ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
  172. ^ "UDI 2010-080 Bortvisningspraksis for borgere fra stater Norge har inngått bilaterale visumfrihetsavtaler med" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Directorate of Immigration. 28 November 2019.
  173. ^ "UDI 2010-080V1 Liste over visumfrie borgere som er omfattet" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Directorate of Immigration. 28 November 2019.
  174. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  175. ^ "Oman eVisa".
  176. ^ "List of Countries for Visa Prior to Arrival".
  177. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  178. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  179. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  180. ^ "PNG Easy Visitor Permit".
  181. ^ "General Information for Intending Visitors" (PDF). Papua New Guinea Immigration & Citizenship Service Authority.
  182. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  183. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  184. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  185. ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
  186. ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
  187. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  188. ^ "Qatar Hayya".
  189. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
  190. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  191. ^ "Russia eVisa".
  192. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  193. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  194. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  195. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  196. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  197. ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
  198. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  199. ^ "ST eVisa".
  200. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  201. ^ "Saudi Arabia eVisa".
  202. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  203. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  204. ^ "Visa Regime for Entering Serbia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia.
  205. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  206. ^ "Seychelles Electronic Border System".
  207. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  208. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  209. ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
  210. ^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
  211. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  212. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  213. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  214. ^ "90 DAYS".
  215. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  216. ^ "South Sudan eVisa".
  217. ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
  218. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  219. ^ "SL eVisa".
  220. ^ Chitre, Manjiri (24 October 2023). "Sri Lanka approves free visa scheme for India, China, Russia; US not on list". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
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  224. ^ "Suriname eVisa".
  225. ^ "Entry-fee".
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  227. ^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
  228. ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
  229. ^ "Syrian Embassy, Kuala Lumpur".
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  233. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  235. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  236. ^ "Tourist & Business Visa". Immigration Service of Timor-Leste.
  237. ^ "Obtaining a Visa".
  238. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  239. ^ "Togo eVisa".
  240. ^ "Coming to Togo". Togo Tourist Office.
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  242. ^ "Information Needed for Passengers Departing and Arriving Tonga". Tonga Airports Limited.
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  253. ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
  254. ^ "Technical Difficulties".
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  265. ^ "Immigration Regulations 1987". www.nzlii.org.
  266. ^ "Aliens (Visa Exemption) (Amendment) Regulations 1993, SRO 10 of 1993" (PDF).
  267. ^ "Consul.mn". en.consul.mn.
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  270. ^ "Important Information & Administrative Arrangements for the 2012 Development Partners' Forum" (PDF). www.mfed.gov.ki.
  271. ^ Presidential Decree No.691-07 (in Spanish)
  272. ^ Executive Decree No.326 (in Spanish)
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  274. ^ Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, Law No.257 (in Russian)
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  443. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  444. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  445. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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  449. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
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