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Wang Jinxi or Wang Chin-hsi (simplified Chinese: 王进喜; traditional Chinese: 王進喜; pinyin: Wáng Jìnxǐ; 8 October 1923 – 15 November 1970) was a Chinese model worker and socialist hero known as 'Iron man' Wang, who led No. 1205 drilling team at Daqing Oil Field.[1]
Wang Jinxi | |
|---|---|
| 王进喜 Wang Chin-hsi | |
 Wang Jinxi in 1966 | |
| Born | 8 October 1923 |
| Died | 15 November 1970 (aged 47) |
| Occupation(s) | roughneck model worker |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
| Wang Jinxi | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 王進喜 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 王进喜 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Wang was the first and best-known model worker to emerge from Daqing Oil Field and was widely promoted for his devotion to developing China's petroleum industry. Wang served as vice head of the Daqing Drilling Headquarters and became vice director of the Daqing Revolutionary Committee in 1968. In 1969, he was appointed to the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
Biography
editEarly life
editWang Jinxi was born in 1923 to a poor peasant family in Yumen City, Gansu Province. As a child, he worked as a shepherd and later as a coal bearer. Later, he started working as an apprentice in an oil field in Yumen. Following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he was assigned to No. 1205 Drilling Team at the oil field. In 1950, Yumen oil field recruited workers, and Wang Jinxi passed the exam to become one of the first generation of oil drilling workers in the People's Republic of China.[2]
Career in oil industry
edit
In 1956, he joined the Chinese Communist Party. On the same year, he became the captain of the predecessor of Brigade No. 1205 and successfully led the completion of the drilling rig in Yumen oil field. Following the start of Great Leap Forward in 1958, he led a team to drill 5009.3 meters per month, which was then the highest record in mainland China at that time. In October, he was awarded the 'Red Flag' award by the Ministry of Petroleum Industry. In 1958, during the ceremonies for the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he met with Chairman Mao Zedong and participated in an elite meeting between industrial and communication ministries.[3]
In 1960, Mao Zedong and Party Central Committee issued a declaration "to fight 'a massive battle' to open up Daqing" and become self-sufficient in oil. On April, Wang and his No. 1205 Drilling Team rushed to the bleak grasslands from Yumen Oil field. Undeterred by temperatures of between -20 and -30 Celsius, they continued to work on. Despite fatigue, injuries and difficulties, Wang kept going throughout. He and 30 others manually carried 60 tonnes of equipment from a railway station to the oil field. They broke the ice of a nearby pond and fetched water to cool the drill. In five days, they transported more than 50 tonnes of water. After five days of drilling, they struck oil, and Daqing's first production well went into operation. Within three years, Daqing became China's first-rate big oilfield.[4]
Wang Jinxi participated in a 10,000-person inauguration ceremony of the oil field, during the international Labor Day. During the ceremony, he shouted the slogan:
"I would give up 20 years of life so China can produce oil on its own land."
During the work, he said to his co-workers:
"We have to do everything possible. And we have to make the impossible possible."
For this the people called him 'Iron Man' (“铁人”), and the name 'Iron Man' Wang stuck and spread. In 1960, the nation was called upon to learn from the 'Iron Man', and he was appointed as the captain of the Drilling Command and Construction Brigade. The oil workers' exploits were depicted in the play The Rising Sun, by Sun Weishi.[5]: 141–142 The plot of the Rising Sun focused on the contributions that women made in agriculture and the construction of oilfields, and featured a cast made up exclusively of local people.[5]: 141–142
In February 1961, Wang Jinxi was assigned as the captain of the second production team of the Drilling Command. In 1964, he was elected deputy to the 3rd National People's Congress. On December 26, while attending the 71st birthday party of Chairman Mao Zedong, Wang was praised by Mao, who called him an "industrial leader."[6][5]: 99
In 1965, Wang was appointed the member of the Standing Committee of the Drilling Party Committee and Deputy Commander of the Drilling Command of the CCP Daqing Committee. On July 24, he joined the Ministry of Petroleum Industry and put forward for the first time, the goal of "half a ton of oil per person in the country". In 1966, he was appointed as the deputy commander of the Daqing Petroleum Campaign Command by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. He was awarded as one of the 'Five Good Models of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry'. On June 4, he was part of the Chinese delegation that visited People's Republic of Albania.[7]
Cultural Revolution and persecution
edit
Following the start of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, Wang was condemned as a supporter of Liu Shaoqi and lost his positions within the Petroleum Ministry, apart from being condemned for sexism and feudalism due to letting his wife Wang Lanying wash his feet. He was mocked at rallies and tortured by the Red Guards, which almost cost him his life. Following the intervention of Premier Zhou Enlai, he was saved from further persecution and was made a national labor model.[8]
Wang was vice head of the Daqing Drilling Headquarters and, in 1968, was appointed vice director of the Daqing Revolutionary Committee.[5]: 139
Final years and death
editIn 1969, he worked as the deputy leader of the core group of the CCP Daqing Committee. In April, he participated in the 9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and was elected as a member of the presidium and a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. In April, he went to Yumen to participate in a work conference regarding the petroleum industry.[9]
On April 19, 1970, Wang was diagnosed with stomach cancer. He was admitted to the 301 Hospital in Beijing for treatment. His final public appearance was on October 1, when he was at the Tiananmen Gate Tower for National Day inspection.[citation needed]
Wang Jinxi died of cancer in 1970, at the age of 47.[5]: 139 On November 18, a farewell ceremony was held for him, and his remains were interred at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.[10]
Personal life
editWang Jinxi and his wife Wang Lanying had raised two sons and three daughters. His eldest son served as the party secretary of the Underground Resources Development Company of Daqing Oil Field Drilling Engineering Company.[11]
Memorials
edit-
Memorial at Daqing -
Statue at Beijing -
Statue at Yumen City
Representation in mass media
editWang famously wrote in a poem, "If an oil worker roars once, the Earth will shake three times!"[5]: 148
In 1974, Wang's life was made into a feature film The Pioneers[Start An Undertaking] (创业). Zhang Lianwen played the starring role of Zhou Tingshan (周挺杉), modelled after Wang Jinxi.[12]
The 2009 Chinese film Iron Man (Tieren; 铁人) is based on the life of Wang Jinxi. The character of Wang is played by Wu Gang in the film.[13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Yingjie Guo Handbook on Class and Social Stratification in China 2016 - -178347064X Page 112 In Iron Man Wang Jingxi (Tieren Wang Jingxi), a documentary produced in 1964 by China's News and Documentary Studio, workers in the industrial sector were urged to learn from the leadership and heroism of worker Wang Jinxi, the 'Iron ...
- ^ "王进喜". Xinhua. 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2020-08-18.[dead link]
- ^ "大庆油田原钻井指挥部副指挥王进喜——用生命为祖国献石油". chinahaoren.cn. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ "Wang Jinxhi". chineseposters.net. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ a b c d e f Hou, Li (2021). Building for oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State. Harvard-Yenching Institute monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 978-0-674-26022-1.
- ^ "China's 'Iron Man' an undying legend". The Hindu. 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ "铁人王进喜". Xinhua Silk Road. 2009-08-30. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ "铁人王进喜". Xinhua Silk Road. 2009-08-30. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ Ke, Gong (2020-06-16). "铁人王进喜最后的岁月". shiyouyuzhuangbei.com. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ Tyson, Ann Scott (1990-03-06). "China's Iron Man Returns". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ Ke, Gong (2020-06-10). ""铁人"王进喜去世时年仅47岁，留下2子3女，他们如今怎样了？". Sohu. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ Xiao Yang 肖扬 (2019-01-05). "再见"铁人"！电影表演艺术家张连文因病去世，享年74岁". Thepaper.cn. Retrieved 2019-02-03.
- ^ "Gang Wu". IMDb. Retrieved 2023-06-04.