Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable4

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= parameter of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 1 July 2024. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	Citations/article
301	Distractify [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Distractify.	Distractify (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
302	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering [Beall's journal list]	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
303	European Chemical Bulletin [Beall's journal list]	European Chemical Bulletin (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
304	European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine [Beall's journal list / update]	European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
305	GRDS Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.20319}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.20319` PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
306	Gawker [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Gawker.	Gawker (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
307	Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons [Beall's publisher list]	HKB Publications Idb Publications (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
308	Indian Journal of Natural Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed by Journal Citation Reports.	Indian Journal of Natural Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
309	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
310	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
311	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
312	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
313	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
314	International Journal of Arts and Commerce [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Arts and Commerce (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
315	International Journal of Business and Information [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Business and Information (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
316	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
317	International Journal of Digital Library Services [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Digital Library Services (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
318	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
319	International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology \| `{{doi\|10.17577}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
320	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
321	International Journal of English and Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of English and Education (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
322	International Journal of Governance [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Governance (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
323	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
324	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
325	International Journal of Information Research and Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Information Research and Review (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
326	International Journal of Innovative Research and Development [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research and Development (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
327	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
328	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
329	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
330	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
331	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
332	International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
333	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
334	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
335	Ira Publications [Beall's publisher list]	Ira Publications Idb Publications (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
336	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
337	Journal of Applied Linguistics [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Linguistics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
338	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
339	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
340	Journal of Experimental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Experimental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
341	Journal of Information Management [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Information Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
342	Journal of Longevity [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Longevity (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
343	Journal of Naturopathic Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Naturopathic Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
344	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
345	Journal of Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
346	Libertas Academica [Beall's publisher list*] Listed on Beall's list in 2010, but later removed.	Libertas Academica Analytical Chemistry Insights (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
347	Mashable [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Mashable sponsored content.	Mashable (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
348	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods [Beall's journal list]	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
349	Natural Foods Merchandiser [Quackwatch's list]	Natural Foods Merchandiser (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
350	Patheos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Patheos.	Patheos (1 in 1) Patheos.com (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
351	Pharmacognosy (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Pharmacognosy (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
352	Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers \| `{{doi\|10.36344}}` · `{{doi\|10.36346}}` · `{{doi\|10.36347}}` · `{{doi\|10.36348}}` · `{{doi\|10.36349}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.36346` South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (1 in 1) `doi=10.36347` Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
353	Sensors & Transducers Journal [Beall's journal list]	Sensors & Transducers Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
354	Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
355	Wikipedia:List of companies engaged in the self-publishing business [WP:SPSLIST]	Amazon (company) AStore Asterès (1 in 1) OmniScriptum LAP Lambert Academic Publishing LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing (1 in 1) Lambert Academic Publishing LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
356	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
357	Fluoride (journal) [Quackwatch's list]	Fluoride (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
358	International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
359	International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences International Journal of Research in Humanities & Soc. Sciences (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
360	Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
361	Lupine Publishers \| `{{doi\|10.32474}}` [Beall's publisher list / update]	`doi=10.32474` Journal Of Biosensors & Renewable Sources (1 in 1) Journal of Biosensors and Renewable sources (1 in 1)	2	1	2.000
362	Massage Therapy Journal [Quackwatch's list]	Massage Therapy Journal (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
363	Moksha Publishing House \| `{{doi\|10.7897}}` [—] Publishes many journals on Beall's list	`doi=10.7897` INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA & PHARMACY (1 in 1) Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation (1 in 1)	2	1	2.000
364	Academic Journals \| `{{doi\|10.5897}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Academic Journals Academic Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
365	Academicians' Research Center \| `{{doi\|10.20431}}` [Beall's publisher list] [1]	ARC (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
366	Academy of Science and Engineering [Beall's publisher list]	ASE ASCE: Journal of Infrastructure Systems (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
367	Advanced Technology & Science [Beall's publisher list]	ATScience Science]] (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
368	American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
369	Anadolu Agency [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Anadolu Agency, debatable for general topics, unreliable for controversial topics and international politics.	Anadolu Agency (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
370	Anglisticum [Beall's journal list]	Anglisticum (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
371	Annals of Clinical Case Reports [Beall's journal list]	Annals of Clinical Case Reports (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
372	Bioscience Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Bioscience Discovery (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
373	Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia [Beall's journal list]	Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
374	British Journal (publisher) [Beall's publisher list]	British Journal The British Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
375	Cancer Chronicles [Quackwatch's list]	Cancer Chronicles The Cancer Chronicles (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
376	Cancer Research Frontiers [Beall's journal list]	Cancer Research Frontiers (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
377	Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
378	Caspian Sea Journal [Beall's journal list]	CSJ (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
379	Chemical Science Transactions [Beall's journal list]	Chemical Science Transactions (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
380	ClinMed International Library \| `{{doi\|10.23937}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.23937` International Journal of Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
381	Clinical Practice of Alternative Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Advancement in Medicine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
382	Clinics in Surgery [Beall's journal list]	Clinics in Surgery (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
383	Communications on Applied Electronics [Beall's journal list]	Communications on Applied Electronics (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
384	Current Neurobiology [Beall's journal list / update]	Current Neurobiology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
385	David Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.17265}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.17265` Journal of Psychology Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
386	E-Cronicon [Beall's publisher list]	EC Agriculture (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
387	EDUVED Global Management Research [Beall's journal list]	GMR Pm & R (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
388	ESSENCE: International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation [Beall's journal list]	Essence Essentia (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
389	European Journal of Natural History [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Natural History (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
390	Find a Grave [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Find a Grave.	Find a Grave (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
391	Global Business & Finance Review [Beall's journal list]	Global Business & Finance Review Global Business Finance Review (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
392	Golden Research Thoughts [Beall's journal list]	Golden Research Thoughts (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
393	Gurpukur Research Institute [Beall's publisher list]	g-Science Science]] (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
394	Hans Publishers \| `{{doi\|10.12677}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.12677` 世界生态学 (International Journal of Ecology) (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
395	HealthBeat [Quackwatch's list]	HealthBeat HEALTHbeat (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
396	Hilaris \| `{{doi\|10.37421}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.37421` Medicinal Chemistry (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
397	Hiperboreea Journal [Beall's journal list]	Hiperboreea Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
398	Indian Journal of Scientific Research [Beall's journal list]	Indian Journal of Scientific Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
399	Innovation (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Innovation (magazine) Innovation Magazine (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
400	Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacotherapy [Beall's journal list]	IPP (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 5 July 2024. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 1 July 2024, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable3	Current Questionable4	→ Questionable5