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Wikipedia:WikiProject Timeline of spaceflight/2009Format/eg

< Wikipedia:WikiProject Timeline of spaceflight | 2009Format
WikiProject Timeline of spaceflight/2009Format/eg
File:Chandrayaanliftoff.jpg
The launch of Chandrayaan-1, the first Indian Lunar probe
Orbital launches
First15 January
Last25 December
Total69
Successes66
Failures2
Partial failures1
Catalogued67
National firsts
Satellite Venezuela
 Vietnam
Rockets
Maiden flightsAriane 5ES
Long March 3C
PSLV-XL
Zenit-3SLB
Crewed flights
Orbital7
Total travellers37

The year 2008 contained several significant events in spaceflight, including the first flyby of Mercury by a spacecraft since 1975, the discovery of water ice on Mars by the Phoenix spacecraft, which landed in May, the first Chinese spacewalk in September, and the launch of the first Indian Lunar probe in October.

The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first recorded spaceflight launch of the year occurred on 11 January, when a Black Brant was launched on a suborbital trajectory from White Sands, with the LIDOS ultraviolet astronomy payload.[1] This was followed by the first orbital launch of the year on 15 January, by a Sea Launch Zenit-3SL, with the Thuraya 3 communications satellite.[2] The launch marked the return to flight for Sea Launch following the explosion of a Zenit-3SL on the launch pad the previous January during an attempt to launch the NSS-8 satellite.

The fourth Falcon 1 launches with RatSat

Five carrier rockets made their maiden flights in 2008; the Ariane 5ES, Long March 3C, Zenit-3SLB, PSLV-XL, and the operational version of the Falcon 1, with an uprated Merlin-1C engine.[3] These were all derived from existing systems. The Blue Sparrow and Sajjil missiles also conducted their maiden flights, and the ATK Launch Vehicle made its only flight, but was destroyed by range safety after it went off course. In November, the baseline Proton-M was retired in favour of the Enhanced variant, first launched in 2007.

The first Vietnamese and Venezuelan satellites, Vinasat-1 and Venesat-1 respectively, were launched in 2008, while a failed Iranian launch was reported to have been that country's first indigenous orbital launch attempt. In September, SpaceX conducted the first successful orbital launch of a privately developed and funded liquid-fuelled carrier rocket, when the fourth Falcon 1 launched RatSat, following previous failures in 2006, 2007, and August.

The discovery of water ice on Mars

India launched its first Lunar probe, Chandraayan-1, on 22 October, with the spacecraft entering selenocentric orbit on 8 November. On 16 November, the Moon Impact Probe was released, and crashed into the Lunar surface. Although no other spacecraft were launched beyond geocentric orbit in 2008, several significant events occurred in interplanetary flights which had been launched in previous years. MESSENGER conducted flybys of Mercury in January and October, the first spacecraft to do so since Mariner 10 in 1975. Cassini continued to make flybys of the moons of Saturn, including several close passes of Enceladus, one at a distance of 25 kilometres.[4] In September Rosetta flew past the asteroid 2867 Šteins. On 25 May, the Phoenix spacecraft landed in the Green Valley on Mars, where it discovered water ice.[5] Phoenix exceeded its design life of 90 days, finally failing on 10 November. The Ulysses, launched in 1990, was also retired in 2008.[6]

Seven manned flights were launched in 2008, one by China, two by Russia and four by the United States. In April, Yi So-yeon became the first South Korean to fly in space, aboard Soyuz TMA-12. On the same flight, Sergey Volkov became the first second-generation cosmonaut. Yi returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-11, which nearly ended in disaster following a separation failure between the descent and service modules, resulting in a ballistic reentry.[7] In September, China conducted its third manned mission, Shenzhou 7, from which Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming conducted the first Chinese spacewalk.[8] Soyuz TMA-13, launched in October, was the hundredth flight of the Soyuz programme to carry a crew at some point in its mission.[9]

Jules Verne approaches the ISS

Assembly of the International Space Station continued, with the delivery of the Columbus module by Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-122 in February. March saw the launch of the Jules Verne Automated Transfer Vehicle, an unmanned European spacecraft which was used to resupply the space station. Also in March, Space Shuttle Endeavour launched on STS-123 with the first component of the Japanese Experiment Module, the Experiment Logistics Module. STS-123 marked the final flight of the Spacelab programme, with a SpaceLab pallet used to carry the Canadian-built Dextre RMS extension. The second JEM component, the main pressurised module, was launched by STS-124, flown by Discovery in May. In November, Endeavour launched on the STS-126 logistics flight, with the Leonardo MPLM.

On 14 March, a Proton-M with a Briz-M upper stage launched AMC-14. Several hours later, on 15 March, the Briz-M engine cut off prematurely during a burn,[10] leaving the satellite in a medium Earth orbit. Following a small legal dispute,[11] the satellite was sold, and raised to a geosynchronous orbit by its manoeuvring thrusters, at the expense of a large amount of its fuel and hence operational life.

On 3 August, SpaceX launched the third Falcon 1. Due to residual thrust caused by the upgraded Merlin-1C engine which was being flown for the first time, the first stage recontacted the second during staging, resulting in the rocket failing to reach orbit. The Trailblazer, PreSat and NanoSail-D satellites were lost in the failure, as was a space burial capsual, containing the remains of several hundred people, including astronaut Gordon Cooper, actor James Doohan, writer and director John Meredyth Lucas and Apollo mission planner Mareta West.[12]

On 16 August, Iran launched a Safir, which though officially successful, was reported to have failed due to a second stage malfunction. The purpose of this launch is in doubt, as before the launch it was claimed that it would place the Omid into orbit, whilst following the launch, it was reported that a boilerplate payload had been launched.[13] Other reports indicated that the launch was only a suborbital test of the rocket.[14] If this was an orbital launch attempt, it was the first Iranian attempt to launch a satellite.

The ATK Launch Vehicle, launched on a suborbital flight in August

In total, sixty nine orbital launches were made in 2008, with sixty seven reaching orbit, and two outright failures if the Iranian launch in August is counted.[3] This is an increase of one orbital launch attempt on 2007, with two more launches reaching orbit, which continues a trend of increasing launch rates seen since 2006. The final launch of the year was conducted on 25 December, by a Proton-M with three GLONASS navigation satellites for the Russian government.

Launch of an SM-3 missile to destroy USA-193

Suborbital spaceflight in 2008 saw a number of sounding rocket and missile launches. On 21 February, a RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 was used as an anti-satellite weapon to destroy the USA-193 satellite. USA-193 was a US spy satellite which had failed immediately after launch in 2006.[15][16]

China conducted twelve orbital launches of a planned fifteen. Europe had intended to conduct seven launches of Ariane 5 rockets, and the maiden flight of the Vega rocket, however payload delays pushed one of the Arianes into 2009, and the Vega was delayed due to development issues. India had originally scheduled five to seven launches, however only three of these were conducted, mostly due to delays with the launch of Chandraayan-1. Japan scheduled three launches for 2008, of which one was launched; an H-IIA with WINDS in February. Russia and the former Soviet Union conducted twenty six launches, not including the international Sea and Land launch programmes, which conducted six. Fourteen launches were conducted by the United States, which had originally announced plans to launch many more, however technical issues with several rockets, particularly the Atlas V, Delta II and Falcon 1, caused a number of delays. The Atlas problems, combined with a series of delays to the launch of USA 202 on a Delta IV, resulted in just two of ten planned EELV launches being conducted.[17][3] Two of six planned Space Shuttle launches were also delayed to 2009, one due to problems with External Tank delivery, and another due to a major systems failure on the Hubble Space Telescope, which it was to have serviced. Israel was not reported to have scheduled, or conducted an orbital launch attempt.

Launches

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Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

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11 January
05:32[1] 		 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
 LIDOS JHU Suborbital UV Astronomy 05:42 Successful
Apogee: 315 kilometres (196 mi)
15 January
11:49[2] 		 Zenit-3SL  Ocean Odyssey  Sea Launch
 Thuraya 3 Thuraya Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
17 January[18]  Jericho III  Palmachim  Israeli Air Force
Israeli Air Force Suborbital Missile test 17 January Successful
18 January
07:30[19] 		 Black Brant XII  Andøya  NASA
 SCIFER-2 Cornell/Dartmouth Suborbital Ionospheric 18 January Successful
Apogee: 1,460 kilometres (910 mi)
21 January
03:45[2] 		 PSLV-CA  Satish Dhawan FLP  ISRO
 TecSAR (Polaris) IAI Low Earth Radar imaging In orbit Operational
25 January[20]  Shaheen-I  Sonmiani  Pakistan Air Force
Pakistan Air Force Suborbital Missile test 25 January Successful
28 January
00:18[2] 		 Proton-M/Briz-M  Baikonur Site 200/39  Roskosmos
 Ekspress AM-33 RSCC Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
31 January
19:14[21] 		  VS-30-Orion  Andøya   DLR/Andøya
 HotPay-2 Leeds Suborbital Ionospheric 31 January Successful
Apogee: 380.6 kilometres (236.5 mi)

February

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4 February[22]  Safir  Semnan  ISA
 Kavoshgar-1 ISA Suborbital Test 4 February Successful
5 February
13:02:54[2] 		 Soyuz-U  Bakionur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Progress M-63 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics 7 April
11:50[23]		 Successful
6 February
09:14:40[24] 		 S-310  Uchinoura  JAXA
JAXA Suborbital Ionospheric 6 February Successful
7 February
11:30[25] 		 VSB-30  Esrange   DLR/ESA
  TEXUS-44 DLR/ESA Suborbital Microgravity 7 February Successful
Apogee: 264 kilometres (164 mi)
7 February
19:45:30[2] 		 Space Shuttle Atlantis  Kennedy LC-39A  United Space Alliance
 STS-122 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 20 February
14:07:10[26]		 Successful
 Columbus ESA Low Earth (ISS) ISS component In orbit Operational
Manned flight with seven astronauts
11 February
11:34[2] 		 Proton-M/Briz-M  Baikonur Site 200/39   International Launch Services
 Thor-5 Telenor Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
21 February
03:26[27] 		 RIM-161 Standard Missile 3  USS Lake Erie  US Navy/MDA
 ASAT MDA Suborbital Satellite intercept 03:29[27] Successful
Destroyed USA-193 satellite[15]
21 February
06:15[25] 		 VSB-30  Esrange   DLR/ESA
  TEXUS-45 DLR/ESA Suborbital Microgravity 21 February Successful
23 February
08:55[2] 		 H-IIA 2024  Tanegashima LA-Y  Mitsubishi
 WINDS (Kizuna) JAXA/NICT Geosynchronous Communication
Technology		 In orbit Operational
26 February
07:28[28] 		 K-15 Sagarika  INS Kalinga  Indian Navy
Indian Navy Suborbital Missile test 26 February Successful

March

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9 March
04:03:07[2] 		 Ariane 5ES  Kourou ELA-3  Arianespace
 Jules Verne ATV ESA Low Earth (ISS) Logistics 29 September
13:31		 Successful
Maiden flight of Ariane 5ES and ATV
11 March
06:28:14[2] 		 Space Shuttle Endeavour  Kennedy LC-39A  United Space Alliance
 STS-123 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS Assembly 27 March
00:39:08[30]		 Successful
 Spacelab MD002[29] NASA Low Earth (STS/ISS) Logistics Successful
 JEM ELM-PF JAXA Low Earth (ISS) ISS component In orbit Operational
 Dextre (SPDM) MDA Corporation Low Earth (ISS) ISS component In orbit Operational
Manned flight with seven astronauts
Final flight of Spacelab programme, pallet used to transport Dextre[29]
13 March
10:02[2] 		 Atlas V 411  Vandenberg SLC-3E  United Launch Alliance
 USA-200 (Prowler)[31] NRO Molniya[31] ELINT[31] In orbit Operational
NRO Launch 28
First Atlas V launch from Vandenberg
14 March
23:18:55[2][35] 		 Proton-M/Briz-M  Baikonur Site 200/39   International Launch Services
 AMC-14 SES Americom Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
Partial failure[3]
Upper stage malfunction during second burn left spacecraft in wrong orbit[10][32]
Initial recovery attempted but abandoned due to legal issues.[11][33] Later sold and recovery efforts restarted.[34]
15 March
06:10[36] 		 Delta II 7925-9.5  Cape Canaveral LC-17A  United Launch Alliance
 USA-201 (GPS IIR-19/M6)[37] US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
80th consecutive successful Delta II launch.[36]
19 March
22:47:59[38] 		 Zenit-3SL  Ocean Odyssey  Sea Launch
 DirecTV-11 DirecTV Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
23 March
04:45[39] 		 Agni 1  Integrated Test Range LC-4[39]  Indian Army
SFC/DRDO Suborbital Missile test 23 March Successful
27 March
17:15[40] 		 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 132/1  COSMOS International
 SAR-Lupe 4 Bundeswehr Low Earth, polar Radar imaging In orbit Operational
28 March  VSB-30  Andøya  Andøya
 Mini-DUSTY 14 Andøya Suborbital Ionospheric 28 March Successful

April

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2 April
08:01[41] 		 LGM-30G Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-09  US Air Force
 GT-196GM US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 2 April Successful
Travelled 6,759 kilometres (4,200 mi) downrange[41]
8 April
11:16:39[23][43] 		 Soyuz-FG  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Soyuz TMA-12 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS Expedition 17[43] 24 October
03:37[44]		 Successful
Manned flight with three cosmonauts, including first South Korean in space[23] and first second-generation cosmonaut[42]
Docked on 10 April at 12:57 GMT[43]
14 April
16:58[45] 		 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
 SEE UCB LASP Suborbital UV Astronomy[46] 17:08[45] Successful
14 April
20:12:00[47] 		 Atlas V 421  Cape Canaveral LC-41  United Launch Alliance
 ICO G1 ICO Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
Heaviest single commercial satellite to be placed in GSO.
Heaviest satellite to be launched by an Atlas rocket.[47]
15 April  Blue Sparrow  F-15 Eagle, Israel  Israeli Air Force
Israeli Air Force Suborbital Test flight 15 April Successful
Maiden flight of Blue Sparrow
16 April
17:01[48] 		 Pegasus-XL   L-1011, Kwajalein Atoll  Orbital Sciences
 C/NOFS STP/NASA Low Earth Electrodynamics In orbit Operational
18 April
22:17[49] 		 Ariane 5ECA  Kourou ELA-3  Arianespace
 Vinasat-1 VNPT Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
 Star One C2 Star One Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
First Vietnamese satellite
19 April[50][51]  Shaheen-II  Sonmiani  Army of Pakistan[52]
Army of Pakistan[52] Suborbital Missile test 19 April Successful
21 April[53]  Shaheen-II  Sonmiani  Army of Pakistan
Army of Pakistan Suborbital Missile test 21 April Successful
25 April
15:35[54] 		 Long March 3C  Xichang LA-2  CNSA
 Tianlian-1 CNSA Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
Maiden flight of Long March 3C
26 April
22:16:02[55] 		 Soyuz-FG/Fregat  Baikonur Site 31/6   Starsem
 GIOVE-B ESA Medium Earth Navigation
Technology		 In orbit Operational
28 April
03:53:51[57][58] 		 PSLV-C  Satish Dhawan SLP  ISRO
 Cartosat-2A[59] ISRO Low Earth Remote sensing In orbit Operational
 TWSAT[59] ISRO Low Earth Remote sensing In orbit Operational
 CanX-2[60] UTIAS Low Earth Technology[60] In orbit Operational
 Cute-1.7+APD II[61] Tokodai Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
 Delfi-C3[62] Delft Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
 AAUSAT-II[63] Aalborg Low Earth Radiation[63] In orbit Operational
 COMPASS-1[64] Aachen Low Earth Remote sensing
Technology		 In orbit Operational
 SEEDS-2[65] Nihon Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
 CanX-6[66] UTIAS/COM DEV Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
 RUBIN-8[67] OHB System Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
All payloads except CartoSat, TWSAT and RUBIN were CubeSats, launched under designation NSL-4, except CanX-6 which was NSL-5.[56]
RUBIN-8 intentionally remained attached to upper stage
28 April
05:00[69] 		 Zenit-3SLB  Baikonur Site 45/1  Land Launch
 AMOS-3 (AMOS-60) SCL Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
First Land Launch flight and maiden flight of Zenit-3SLB.
Reached incorrect orbit due to carrier rocket underperformance.[68] Corrected by satellite through use of spare fuel, without affecting operational life.

May

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1 May
05:30[70][71] 		 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
JHU Suborbital UV Astronomy 05:40 Successful
7 May
04:26[72][73] 		 Agni-III  Integrated Test Range LC-4  Indian Army
SFC/DRDO Suborbital Missile test 04:41 Successful
8 May  UGM-133 Trident II  USS Nebraska  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 8 May Successful
8 May  UGM-133 Trident II  USS Nebraska  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 8 May Successful
14 May
20:22:54[74][75] 		 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Progress M-64 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics 8 September[76] Successful
15 May
04:00[78][79][77] 		 VSB-30  Esrange   SSC/DLR
  MASER-11 SSC/ESA Suborbital Microgravity 15 May Successful[77]
Apogee: 252 kilometres (157 mi)[77]
21 May
09:43[80] 		 Zenit-3SL  Ocean Odyssey  Sea Launch
 Galaxy 18 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
22 May
10:04[82][83] 		 LGM-30G Minuteman III  Vandenberg LF-10  US Air Force
 GT-197GM US Air Force/NNSA[82] Suborbital Missile test 22 May Successful
Long range test[81]
23 May
05:00[84] 		 Prithvi  Integrated Test Range  Indian Army
Indian Army[84] Suborbital Missile test 23 May Successful
User test[84]
23 May
15:20:09[85] 		 Rokot/Briz-KM  Plesetsk Site 133/3[69]  RVSN
 Kosmos 2437 (Rodnik)[86] VKS Low Earth Communication In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2438 (Rodnik)[86] VKS Low Earth Communication In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2439 (Rodnik)[86] VKS Low Earth Communication In orbit Operational
 Yubeleiny NPO PM[87] Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
27 May
03:02[88] 		 Long March 4C  Taiyuan LC-1  CNSA
 Feng Yun 3A CMA Sun-synchronous Weather[89] In orbit Operational
29 May  Tszyuylan-2  P629 Submarine, Yellow Sea  PLAN
PLAN Suborbital Missile test 29 May Successful
31 May
21:02:12[90][91] 		 Space Shuttle Discovery  Kennedy LC-39A  United Space Alliance
 STS-124 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS Assembly 14 June
15:15[92]		 Successful
 JEM-PM JAXA Low Earth (ISS) ISS Component In orbit Operational
Manned flight with seven astronauts

June

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5 June
18:13 		 TR-SRBM  USS Tripoli, Kauai  US Navy/MDA
MDA Suborbital AEGIS target 5 June Successful
Destroyed after re-entry by endoatmospheric SM-2 missile launch
9 June
12:15[93] 		 Long March 3B[94]  Xichang LA-2  CNSA
 Chinasat 9[95] CNPT Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
11 June
16:05[96] 		 Delta II 7920H-10C  Cape Canaveral LC-17B  United Launch Alliance
 FGST[97] (GLAST)[98] NASA Low Earth Gamma-ray astronomy In orbit Operational
12 June
22:05:02[99] 		 Ariane 5ECA  Kourou ELA-3  Arianespace
 Skynet 5C MoD Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
 Turksat 3A Turksat Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
13 June  MRT  Barking Sands  US Navy/MDA
MDA Suborbital AEGIS target 13 June Successful
Used for simulated test, not intercepted
13 June  MRT  Barking Sands  US Navy/MDA
MDA Suborbital AEGIS target 13 June Successful
Used for simulated test, not intercepted
19 June
06:36
[100][101][102] 		 Kosmos-3M  Kapustin Yar Site 107  COSMOS International
 Orbcomm CDS-3 Orbcomm Low Earth Communication In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm QL-1 Orbcomm Low Earth Communication In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm QL-2 Orbcomm Low Earth Communication In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm QL-3 Orbcomm Low Earth Communication In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm QL-4 Orbcomm Low Earth Communication In orbit Operational
 Orbcomm QL-5 Orbcomm Low Earth Communication In orbit Operational
20 June
07:46:25[101] 		 Delta II 7320  Vandenberg SLC-2W  United Launch Alliance
 Jason-2 (OSTM) NASA Low Earth Oceanography In orbit Operational
26 June
02:16[103] 		 TRBM  C-17, Pacific Ocean  US Air Force
MDA Suborbital THAAD Target 26 June Successful
Intercepted after re-entry by THAAD launched from KMR at 02:22 GMT.[103][104][105]
26 June
19:57[106][107] 		 Black Brant XI  Wallops Island  NASA
MDA[107] Suborbital Technology 26 June Successful
26 June
23:59[108] 		 Proton-K/DM-3[34]  Baikonur Site 81/24  RVSN
 Kosmos 2440 (Prognoz)[34] VKS Geosynchronous Missile defence[34] In orbit Operational
30 June[109]  Nike-Orion  Andøya  Andøya
  ECOMA 2008-1 Andøya/DLR Suborbital Aeronomy 30 June Successful

July

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7 July
21:30[109] 		 Nike-Orion  Andøya  Andøya
  ECOMA 2008-2 Andøya/DLR Suborbital Aeronomy 7 July Successful
Apogee: 125 kilometres (78 mi)
7 July
21:47[110] 		 Ariane 5ECA  Kourou ELA-3  Arianespace
 Badr-6 Arabsat Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
 ProtoStar-1[111] ProtoStar Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
9 July[113]  Shahab-3[112]  Strait of Hormuz[113]  IRG
IRG Suborbital Missile test 9 July Successful
Part of Great Prophet III exercise[112]
9 July[113]  Shahab-2[114]  Strait of Hormuz[113]  IRG
IRG Suborbital Missile test 9 July Successful
Part of Great Prophet III exercise,[112] missile type not confirmed
9 July[113]  Shahab-1[114]  Strait of Hormuz[113]  IRG
IRG Suborbital Missile test 9 July Successful
Part of Great Prophet III exercise,[112] missile type not confirmed
10 July[115]  Shahab-3  Strait of Hormuz  IRG
IRG Suborbital Missile test 10 July Successful
Part of Great Prophet III exercise, missile type not confirmed
12 July
10:46[109] 		 Nike-Orion  Andøya[109]  Andøya
  ECOMA 2008-3 Andøya/DLR Suborbital Aeronomy[109] 12 July Successful
Apogee: 123 kilometres (76 mi)[109]
14 July
10:10[116] 		 Terrier-Orion[117]  Wallops Island LP-1  NASA
 SubTEC-II Andøya/DLR Suborbital Technology 14 July Successful
16 July
05:20:59
[118][119] 		 Zenit-3SL  Ocean Odyssey  Sea Launch
 Echostar 11 Echostar Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Ongoing
18 July
22:47[120] 		 UGM-27 Polaris (STARS)  Kodiak Island  US Air Force
 FTX-03 MDA Suborbital Target 18 July Successful[121]
Radar targeting test only, missile not intercepted
22 July
02:40:09
[122][123][124] 		 Kosmos-3M  Plesetsk Site 132/1  COSMOS International[122]
 SAR-Lupe 5 Bundeswehr Low Earth, polar Radar imaging In orbit Operational
26 July
18:31[125] 		 Soyuz-2.1b  Plesetsk Site 43/4  RVSN
 Kosmos 2441 (Persona)[125] VKS Sun-synchronous Reconnaissance In orbit Operational

August

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1 August[126]  R-29  RFS Ryazan, Barents Sea[126]  VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 1 August Successful[126]
2 August
08:30[127][128] 		 S-520  Uchinoura  JAXA
JAXA/Teikyo Suborbital Microgravity 2 August Successful
Apogee: 293 kilometres (182 mi)
3 August
03:34[130][135] 		 Falcon 1  Omelek   SpaceX
 Trailblazer ORS/MDA Intended: Low Earth Technology ~T+140 seconds[136] Failed[136]
 PreSat[137] Santa Clara/NASA[137][138] Intended: Low Earth Biological
 NanoSail-D[137] Santa Clara/NASA[137][139] Intended: Low Earth Solar sail
 Explorers[140] Celestis Intended: Low Earth Space burial
First and second stage recontact due to residual thrust[129][130]PreSat and Nanosail CubeSats, Celestis burial payload included remains of astronaut Gordon Cooper,[131] actor James Doohan,[132] writer and director John Meredyth Lucas,[133] and Apollo mission planner Mareta West[134]
13 August
08:01[142] 		 LGM-30G Minuteman III  Vandenberg  US Air Force
 GT-195GM US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 13 August Successful[142]
Travelled about 6,790 kilometres (4,220 mi) downrange.[141]
14 August
20:44[101] 		 Ariane 5ECA  Kourou ELA-3  Arianespace
 Superbird 7 SCC Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
 AMC-21 SES Americom Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
16 August
19:32[143] 		 Safir[144]  Semnan  ISA
 DemoSat[145] ISA Intended: Low Earth[143] Test flight 16 August Failed[143]
Reported to have been first Iranian orbital launch attempt. Officially successful, however no objects were left in orbit.[143] Unofficial reports of a second stage malfunction.[143] Also reported to have been a suborbital test, or an attempt to launch the Omid satellite, instead of an orbital test launch.
18 August
22:43[146][147][148] 		 Proton-M/Briz-M Enhanced  Baikonur Site 200/39[148]   International Launch Services
 Inmarsat 4-F3[149] Inmarsat Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
22 August
09:10[151] 		 ALV  MARS LP-0B  Alliant Techsystems
 SOAREX VI NASA Suborbital Technology T+27 seconds[151] Failed
 Hy-BoLT NASA Suborbital Aerodynamics
Only flight of ALV, veered off course to the South and destroyed by RSO[150]
25 August[152]  UGM-133 Trident II  USS Louisiana, Pacific Ocean  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 25 August Successful
25 August[152]  UGM-133 Trident II  USS Louisiana, Pacific Ocean  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Missile test 25 August Successful
28 August[153]  RT-2PM Topol (RS-12M)  Plesetsk  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 28 August Successful
29 August
07:15[154] 		 Dnepr-1  Baikonur Site 109/95  ISC Kosmotras
 Tachys (RapidEye-1)[155] RapidEye Low Earth Imaging In orbit Operational
 Mati (RapidEye-2)[155] RapidEye Low Earth Imaging In orbit Operational
 Choma (RapidEye-3)[155] RapidEye Low Earth Imaging In orbit Operational
 Choros (RapidEye-4)[155] RapidEye Low Earth Imaging In orbit Operational
 Trochia (RapidEye-5)[155] RapidEye Low Earth Imaging In orbit Operational

September

edit
6 September
03:25[156] 		 Long March 2C  Taiyuan LC-1  CNSA
 Huan Jing 1A CNSA Sun-synchronous Remote sensing In orbit Operational
 Huan Jing 1B CNSA Sun-synchronous Remote sensing In orbit Operational
6 September
18:50:57[157] 		 Delta II 7420  Vandenberg SLC-2W  United Launch Alliance
 GeoEye 1 (Orbview 5) GeoEye Sun-synchronous Imaging In orbit Operational
10 September
19:50:02[76] 		 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Progress M-65 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics 7 December
08:48:47[158]		 Successful
18 September
02:05[159] 		 Kauai  MDA
MDA Suborbital Target 18 September Failed[159]
Two THAAD intercept launches cancelled.[159]
18 September
14:45[160] 		 RSM-56 Bulava (R-30)  RFS Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea[161]  VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 15:05[162] Successful
19 September
21:48[155][163] 		 Proton-M/Briz-M  Baikonur Site 200/39   International Launch Services
 Nimiq-4[164] Telesat Canada Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
24 September
06:57[165] 		 Chimera[165] (Minuteman/Minotaur II)  Vandenberg LF-06  Orbital Sciences
 NFIRE 2b MDA Suborbital Target 24 September Successful
Tracked by NFIRE satellite
24 September
09:28[166] 		 Zenit-3SL  Ocean Odyssey  Sea Launch
 Galaxy 19 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
25 September
08:49:37
[155][167] 		 Proton-M/DM-2[168]  Baikonur Site 81/24  RVSN
 Kosmos 2442 (GLONASS)[155][169] VKS Medium Earth Navigation[170] In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2443 (GLONASS)[155][169] VKS Medium Earth Navigation[170] In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2444 (GLONASS)[155][169] VKS Medium Earth Navigation[170] In orbit Operational
25 September
13:10[155][172] 		 Long March 2F  Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-1  CNSA
 Shenzhou 7 CNSA Low Earth Manned flight 28 September
09:37:40[171]		 Successful
 Ban Xing[171] CNSA Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
 Shenzhou 7-GC[171] CNSA Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
Manned flight with three yǔhángyuán, crew conducted first Chinese EVA
Ban Xing deployed from Shenzhou on 27 September at 11:27 GMT, GC separated on 28 September at 08:48 to begin independent mission[171]
28 September
23:15[174] 		 Falcon 1  Omelek  SpaceX
 RatSat[171] SpaceX Low Earth DemoSat In orbit Successful[174][173]
Launched boilerplate payload. First privately funded and developed liquid fuelled rocket to reach orbit[173]

October

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1 October
06:37:16 		 Dnepr-1  Dombarovskiy  ISC Kosmotras
 THEOS GISTDA Low Earth Remote sensing In orbit Operational
11 October[175]  R-29RMU Sineva  RFS Tula, Barents Sea  VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 11 October Successful
Long-range test[175]
12 October
07:01[176] 		 Soyuz-FG  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Soyuz TMA-13[177] Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS Expedition 18 In orbit Operational
Manned flight with three cosmonauts, including a space tourist. 100th flight of the Soyuz programme to be manned at some point in its mission[9]
12 October
07:24[178] 		 RT-2PM Topol (RS-12M)  Plesetsk  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 07:50[178] Successful
12 October[179]  R-29R Vysota  RFS Zelenograd, Sea of Okhotsk[179]  VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 12 October Successful
12 October[179]  R-29RM Shtil  RFS Yekaterinburg, Barents Sea[179]  VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 12 October Successful
19 October
17:47:23[180] 		 Pegasus-XL/Star-27   L-1011, Kwajalein Atoll  Orbital Sciences
IBEX NASA High Earth Solar In orbit Operational
20 October
08:39[181] 		 Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
NRL Suborbital UV Astronomy[182] 08:49[181] Successful
22 October
00:52:11[184] 		 PSLV-XL  Satish Dhawan SLP  ISRO
 Chandrayaan-1[185] ISRO Selenocentric Lunar orbiter In orbit Operational
 MIP ISRO Selenocentric Lunar impactor 14 November Successful
First Indian lunar spacecraft,[183] Maiden flight of PSLV-XL
22 October
09:10[186] 		 RS-18 UR-100N  Baikonur  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 22 October Successful
22 October
12:30[187] 		 Nike-Orion  Esrange   EuroLaunch
  REXUS-4 SSC/DLR Suborbital Student research 22 October Successful
Apogee: 175 kilometres (109 mi)
25 October
01:15[189] 		 Long March 4B  Taiyuan LC-2[188]  CNSA
  Shi Jian 6E CNSA Low Earth Scientific In orbit Operational
  Shi Jian 6F CNSA Low Earth Scientific In orbit Operational
First launch from Taiyuan LC-2[188]
25 October
02:28[190] 		 Delta II 7420-10  Vandenberg SLC-2W  United Launch Alliance
 COSMO-3 Italian government, ASI, CONAE[191] Sun-synchronous Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
29 October
16:53:53[192] 		 Long March 3B  Xichang LA-3  CNSA
 Venesat-1 VMoST Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
First Venezuelan satellite[192]

November

edit
1 November[193]  Barking Sands  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Target 1 November Successful
Intercepted by SM-3 missile, part of Pacific Blitz exercise[193]
1 November[193]  RIM-161 Standard Missile 3  USS Paul Hamilton, Pacific Ocean[193]  US Navy
US Navy[193] Suborbital Intercept test 1 November Successful
Intercepted target missile, part of Pacific Blitz exercise[193]
1 November[193]  Barking Sands  US Navy
US Navy Suborbital Target 1 November Successful
Intercept by SM-3 missile failed. Part of Pacific Blitz exercise[193]
1 November[193]  RIM-161 Standard Missile 3  USS Hopper, Pacific Ocean[193]  US Navy
US Navy[193] Suborbital Intercept test 1 November Failed
Sensor fault resulted in failure to intercept target missile.[193] Part of Pacific Blitz exercise[193]
5 November
00:15[194] 		 Long March 2D[195]  Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2[196]  CNSA
 Chuang Xin 1B CNSA Low Earth Weather In orbit Operational
 Shiyan Weixing 3[196] CNSA Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
5 November
09:00[197] 		 LGM-30G Minuteman III  Vandenberg  US Air Force
 GT-198GM US Air Force Suborbital Missile test 5 November Successful
Travelled 6,740 kilometres (4,190 mi) downrange[197]
5 November
20:44 		 Proton-M/Briz-M  Baikonur Site 200/39   International Launch Services
 Astra 1M SES Astra Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
Final flight of standard Proton-M
12 November
05:56[198] 		 Shaurya[199]  Integrated Test Range LC-3[200]  DRDO
Indian Army Suborbital Missile test 12 November Successful
12 November[201]  Sajjil  Iran  IRGC AF
IRGC AF Suborbital Missile test 12 November Successful
Maiden flight of Sajjil missile
13 November
09:06[202] 		 M51  CEL  FOST
FOST Suborbital Missile test 13 November Successful
14 November
15:50[203] 		 Soyuz-U  Plesetsk Site 16/2  RVSN
Kosmos 2445 (Kobal't-M) VKS Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
14 November  Black Brant IX  White Sands LC-36  NASA
NRL[204] Suborbital Solar[204] 14 November Successful
15 November
00:55:39[205] 		 Space Shuttle Endeavour[206]  Kennedy LC-39A  United Space Alliance
 STS-126[207] NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS Assembly 30 November
21:25:06[208]		 Successful
  Leonardo MPLM ASI/NASA Low Earth (ISS) Logistics Successful
 PSSC US Air Force Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational
Manned flight with seven astronauts, PSSC deployed from Shuttle at 20:33 GMT on 29 November
19 November
02:18[209][210] 		 Barking Sands  US Navy
US Navy/JMSDF Suborbital Target 19 November Successful
Intercept by SM-3 missile failed
19 November
02:21[210] 		 RIM-161 Standard Missile 3  JDS Chōkai, Pacific Ocean  JMSDF
JMSDF Suborbital Interceptor 19 November Failed
Infrared sensor fault, failed to intercept target[211]
26 November
12:38:27[212] 		 Soyuz-U  Baikonur Site 1/5  Roskosmos
 Progress M-01M Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics In orbit Operational
First flight of modernised Progress spacecraft
Kurs anomaly necessitated manual docking.
26 November
13:24[213] 		 RS-24 Yars  Plesetsk  RVSN
RVSN Suborbital Missile test 26 November Successful
26 November[214]  Iran  ISA
Kavoshgar-2 ISA Suborbital Test flight 26 November Successful
Payload recovered by parachute
28 November[215]  RSM-56 Bulava (R-30)  RFS Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea[216]  VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 28 November Successful

December

edit
1 December
04:42[217] 		 Long March 2D  Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-2  CNSA
 Yaogan-4 CNSA Sun-synchronous Remote sensing In orbit Operational
2 December
05:00[218] 		 Molniya-M/2BL[219]  Plesetsk Site 16/2  RVSN
 Kosmos 2446 (Oko) VKS Molniya Missile defence In orbit Operational
5 December
10:35:10[220] 		  VS-30-Orion  SvalRak  Andøya
 ICI-2[221] Oslo Suborbital Auroral 10:45[220] Successful
Apogee: 330 kilometres (210 mi)[220]
5 December
20:04[223] 		 UGM-27 Polaris (STARS)  Kodiak Island  US Air Force
 FTG-05 MDA Suborbital Target 20:29[224] Partial failure
Decoy target failed to deploy[222], intercepted by GBI
5 December
20:21[223] 		 Ground Based Interceptor  Vandenberg  US Air Force
 FTG-05 MDA Suborbital Target 20:29[224] Successful
Intercepted Polaris
10 December
13:43:00[225] 		 Proton-M/Briz-M Enhanced  Baikonur Site 200/39   International Launch Services
 Ciel-2[101] Ciel[226] Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
15 December
03:22[227] 		 Long March 4B  Taiyuan LC-2  CNSA
 Yaogan-5 CNSA Sun-synchronous Remote sensing In orbit Operational
20 December
22:35[228] 		 Ariane 5ECA  Kourou ELA-3  Arianespace
 Hot Bird 9[101] Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
 Eutelsat W2M[101] Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
23 December
00:54[229] 		 Long March 3A  Xichang LA-2  CNSA
 Feng Yun 2E CMA Geosynchronous Weather In orbit Operational
23 December
03:00[231] 		 RSM-56 Bulava[232]  RFS Dmitry Donskoi[230]  VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 23 December Failed
Self-destruct system activated after missile went off course[230]
25 December
10:43[233] 		 Proton-M/DM-2 Enhanced  Baikonur Site 81/24  RVSN
 Kosmos 2447 (GLONASS) VKS Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2448 (GLONASS) VKS Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
 Kosmos 2449 (GLONASS) VKS Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
First flight of Proton-M Enhanced with DM-2 upper stage, last orbital launch from Baikonur to be conducted by the Russian military

Deep Space Rendezvous in 2008

edit
Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
5 January Cassini 40th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,010 kilometres (630 mi)
14 January MESSENGER 1st flyby of Mercury Closest approach: 200 kilometres (120 mi) at 19:04 GMT[234]
22 February Cassini 41st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
12 March Cassini Flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 52 kilometres (32 mi)
25 March Cassini 42nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
12 May Cassini 43rd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 May Phoenix Landing on Mars Region D, Arctic area - Green Valley, near the Heimdall crater: 68°N, 236°E. Touchdown at 23:38 GMT. Successful[235]
28 May Cassini 44th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi)
31 July Cassini 45th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,613 kilometres (1,002 mi)
11 August Cassini Flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 54 kilometres (34 mi)
5 September Rosetta Flyby of 2867 Šteins

Closest approach: 800 kilometres (500 mi)

6 October MESSENGER 2nd flyby of Mercury
9 October Cassini Flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 25 kilometres (16 mi)
31 October Cassini Flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
3 November Cassini 46th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,100 kilometres (680 mi)
8 November Chandrayaan-1 Injection into Selenocentric orbit Periselene: 504 kilometres (313 mi), Aposelene: 7,502 kilometres (4,662 mi)[236]
14 November MIP Landing on the Moon Lunar Impactor
19 November Cassini 47th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,023 kilometres (636 mi)
5 December Cassini 48th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 960 kilometres (600 mi)
21 December Cassini 49th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 970 kilometres (600 mi)
Distant, non-targeted flybys of Dione, Enceladus, Mimas, Tethys and Titan by Cassini occurred throughout the year.

EVAs

edit
Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Function Remarks
30 January
09:56[237] 		7 hours
10 minutes 		17:06[238] Expedition 16
(ISS Quest) 		 Peggy Whitson
 Daniel M. Tani 		Replace motor and bearing in solar array joint
11 February
14:13[239] 		7 hours
58 minutes 		22:11[239] STS-122
(ISS Quest) 		 Rex J. Walheim
 Stanley G. Love 		Install RMS grapple point on Columbus Originally to have been conducted by Walheim and Hans Schlegel, Love replaced Schlegel on medical grounds.[240]
13 February
14:27[241] 		6 hours
45 minutes 		21:12[241] STS-122
(ISS Quest) 		 Rex J. Walheim
 Hans Schlegel 		Replace depleted nitrogen tank
15 February
12:07[241] 		7 hours
25 minutes 		20:32[241] STS-122
(ISS Quest) 		 Rex J. Walheim
 Stanley G. Love 		Install experiments on Columbus, load failed gyroscope onto Shuttle for return to Earth
14 March
01:18[242] 		7 hours
1 minute 		08:19[242] STS-123
(ISS Quest) 		 Richard M. Linnehan
 Garrett Reisman 		Install Kibo ELM-PS and start Dextre assembly
15 March
23:49[243] 		7 hours
8 minutes 		16 March
06:57[243] 		STS-123
(ISS Quest) 		 Richard M. Linnehan
 Michael Foreman 		Dextre assembly
17 March
22:52[243] 		6 hours
53 minutes 		18 March
05:44[243] 		STS-123
(ISS Quest) 		 Richard M. Linnehan
 Robert L. Behnken 		Dextre assembly, install MISSE-6 experiment, and store spare parts outside the ISS MISSE installation failed[243]
20 March
22:04[243] 		6 hours
24 minutes 		21 March
04:08[243] 		STS-123
(ISS Quest) 		 Robert L. Behnken
 Michael Foreman 		Test heat shield repair techniques
22 March
20:34[243] 		6 hours
2 minutes 		23 March
02:36[243] 		STS-123
(ISS Quest) 		 Robert L. Behnken
 Michael Foreman 		Store OBSS on ISS, retry MISSE-6 installation[244]
3 June
16:22[245] 		6 hours
48 minutes[91] 		23:10[91] STS-124
(ISS Quest) 		 Mike Fossum
 Ron Garan 		Install JEM Pressurised Module, Inspect SARJ, retrieve OBSS.[245]
5 June
15:04[91] 		7 hours
11 minutes[91] 		22:15[91] STS-124
(ISS Quest) 		 Mike Fossum
 Ron Garan 		Adjust covers on JEM, Inspect SARJ.[246]
8 June
13:55[91] 		6 hours
33 minutes[91] 		20:28[91] STS-124
(ISS Quest) 		 Mike Fossum
 Ron Garan 		Replace nitrogen tank, inspect SARJ.[247]
10 July
18:48[248] 		6 hours
18 minutes[248] 		11 July
01:06[248] 		Expedition 17
(ISS Pirs)[248] 		 Sergei Volkov
 Oleg Kononenko 		Remove pyrotechnic bolt from Soyuz TMA-12 for inspection.[249]
15 July
17:08[248] 		5 hours
54 minutes[248] 		23:02[248] Expedition 17
(ISS Pirs)[248] 		 Sergei Volkov
 Oleg Kononenko 		Install docking targeting equipment, rotate exposed experiments[250]
27 September
08:38 		22 minutes 09:00 Shenzhou 7  Zhai Zhigang (full)
 Liu Boming (stand-up) 		Test spacesuit, collect experiment First Chinese EVA
18 November
18:09 		6 hours
52 minutes 		19 November
01:01 		STS-126
(ISS Quest) 		 Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper
 Stephen G. Bowen 		Transferred an empty nitrogen tank assembly from ESP3 to the shuttle’s cargo bay, transferred a new flex hose rotary coupler to ESP3 for future use, removed an insulation cover on the Kibo Exposed Facility berthing mechanism, began cleaning and lubrication of the starboard SARJ, and replacement of its 11 trundle bearing assemblies.[251][252]
20 November
17:58 		6 hours
45 minutes 		21 November
00:43 		STS-126
(ISS Quest) 		 Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper
 Robert S. Kimbrough 		Relocated the two CETA carts from the starboard side of the Mobile Transporter to the port side, lubricated the station robotic arm’s latching end effector A snare bearings, continued cleaning and lubrication of the starboard SARJ[253][254][255] Conducted on tenth anniversary of the launch of the ISS[253]
22 November
18:01 		6 hours
57 minutes 		23 November
00:58 		STS-126
(ISS Quest) 		 Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper
 Stephen G. Bowen 		Completed cleaning and lubrication of all but one of the trundle bearing assemblies (TBA) on the starboard SARJ.[256][257]
24 November
18:24 		6 hours
7 minutes 		25 November
00:31 		STS-126
(ISS Quest) 		 Stephen G. Bowen
 Robert S. Kimbrough 		Completed replacement of trundle bearing assemblies on starboard SARJ, lubricated the port SARJ, installed a video camera, re‐installed insulation covers on the Kibo External Facility berthing mechanism, performed Kibo robotic arm grounding tab maintenance, installed spacewalk handrails on Kibo, installed Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) antennae on Kibo, photographed radiators, and photographed trailing umbilical system cables.[258]
23 December
00:51 		5 hours
38 minutes 		06:29 Expedition 18
(ISS Pirs) 		 Michael Fincke
 Yuri Lonchakov 		Install Langmuir probe, EXPOSE-R and IPI-SM experiments.[259] EXPOSE-R installation failed[259]

Orbital launch summary

edit

By country

edit
 
  China (PRC)
  Europe
  India
  International
  Iran
  Japan
  Russia/CIS
  United States
Orbital launch attempts by country in 2008
Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures 		Remarks
 Europe 6 6 0 0
  India 3 3 0 0
 International 6 6 0 0 Sea Launch, Land Launch
  Iran 1 0 1[143] 0 First orbital launch attempt
  Japan 1 1 0 0
  People's Republic of China 11 11 0 0
  Russia/ CIS 26 25 0 1
  United States 14 13 1 0

By rocket

edit
Rocket Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Ariane 5ES   Europe 1 1 0 0 Maiden flight
Ariane 5ECA   Europe 5 5 0 0
Atlas V   United States 2 2 0 0
Delta II   United States 5 5 0 0
Dnepr   Ukraine 2 2 0 0
H-IIA   Japan 1 1 0 0
Falcon 1   United States 2 1 1 0 First successful launch[260]
Kosmos-3M   Russia 3 3 0 0
Long March 2C   People's Republic of China 1 1 0 0
Long March 2D   People's Republic of China 2 2 0 0
Long March 2F   People's Republic of China 1 1 0 0
Long March 3A   People's Republic of China 1 1 0 0
Long March 3B   People's Republic of China 2 2 0 0
Long March 3C   People's Republic of China 1 1 0 0 Maiden flight
Long March 4B   People's Republic of China 2 2 0 0
Long March 4C   People's Republic of China 1 1 0 0
Molniya-M   Russia 1 1 0 0
Proton-K   Russia 1 1 0 0
Proton-M   Russia 9 8 0 1
Pegasus-XL   United States 2 2 0 0
PSLV   India 3 3 0 0
Rokot   Russia 1 1 0 0
Safir   Iran 1 0 1 0 First orbital launch attempt
Soyuz-2.1b   Russia 1 1 0 0
Soyuz-FG   Russia 3 3 0 0
Soyuz-U   Russia 5 5 0 0
Space Shuttle   United States 4 4 0 0
Zenit-3SL   International 5 5 0 0
Zenit-3SLB   International 1 1 0 0 Maiden flight

By orbit

edit
Orbital regime Launches Successes Failures Accidentally
Achieved 		Remarks
Low Earth orbit 36 34 2 0
Medium Earth orbit 4 4 0 1
Geosynchronous/transfer 25 24 1 0
High Earth orbit 4 4 0 0 Including lunar transfer and Molniya orbits

See also

edit

References

edit
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 2009-10-05. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Generic references:

  Spaceflight portal

Footnotes

edit
  1. ^ a b "36.243 UG McCandliss/Johns Hopkins University". NASA Sounding Rockets Office. 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l McDowell, Dr. Jonathan (2008-03-14). "Issue 593". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  3. ^ a b c d Krebs, Gunter (2008-03-15). "Orbital Launches of 2008". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  4. ^ Baldwin, Emily (2008-10-08). "Cassini prepares for double flyby of Enceladus". Astronomy Now. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  5. ^ "NASA Phoenix Mars Lander Confirms Frozen Water". NASA. 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  6. ^ "Ulysses". Science and Technology. ESA. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  7. ^ Harwood, William (2008-05-02). "Whitson describes rough Soyuz entry and landing". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  8. ^ Clark, Stephen (2008-09-27). "China accomplishes its first spacewalk". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  9. ^ a b Pearlman, Robert Z. "The 100th Soyuz flight that (maybe) isn't". collectSPACE. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  10. ^ a b Slimmer, Fran (2008-03-14). "ILS Declares Proton Launch Anomaly". International Launch Services. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  11. ^ a b "Boeing Patent Shuts Down AMC-14 Lunar Flyby Salvage Attempt". Space-Travel.com. 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  12. ^ "Participants". The Explorers Flight. Celestis. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  13. ^ "US concern over Iran rocket launch". Perth Now. 2008-08-18. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  14. ^ "Iran tests rocket for future launch of satellite". Fox News. 2008-08-17. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  15. ^ a b "U.S. to launch missile at broken satellite". MSNBC. 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  16. ^ "US Missile hits 'toxic satellite'". BBC News. 2008-02-21. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
  17. ^ Halvorson, Todd (2008-01-02). "Lofty Launch Goals Set for 2008". Space.com. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
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